scholarly journals Characteristics of continental rifting in rotational systems: New findings from spatiotemporal high resolution quantified crustal scale analogue models

2021 ◽  
pp. 229174
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Schmid ◽  
Guido Schreurs ◽  
Jürgen Adam
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Continental Rifting ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Analogue Models ◽  
Rotational Systems

Effect of tectonic loading on continental rifting: Imaging, quantification and linkage of deep-seated flow and surface deformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Schmid ◽  
Guido Schreurs ◽  
Jürgen Adam ◽  
David Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Continental Rifting ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Rift Propagation ◽  
Analogue Models ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Loading ◽  
Set Up

<p>Here we use dynamically scaled analogue experiments to investigate the influence of tectonic loading on continental rifting. Analogue models consist of a two-layer brittle-viscous set up overlying a foam base, which expands homogeneously when extension is being applied perpendicular to the rift axis trend. A layer of quartz sand on top of a viscous silicone/corundum sand mixture layer is used as an analogue for an upper brittle crust and a ductile lower part of the crust, respectively. An additional package of sand on one part of the model simulates tectonic loading.</p><p>The aim of this work is to investigate in detail dynamic rift propagation in such a setting by means of a fully quantitative monitoring of surface and internal deformation, focusing on rift propagation velocity, growth rate and orientation. The evolution of the surface topography (DEM) and deformation (3D displacement field) is monitored and quantified using 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D stereo DIC). Furthermore, we apply an automated fault segment tracer on the surface deformation data to characterize rift evolution. Model internal deformation is investigated by digital volume correlation (DVC) techniques applied on X-ray computed tomography data of the time-series experiment volumes. With the use of such techniques we are able to visualize, quantify and link deep-seated internal flow and surface deformation over time.</p><p>Preliminary results from these experiments suggest that rift propagation in our analogue models is directly influenced by load-induced deep-seated deformation resulting in a horizontal lower-crustal flow opposing rift propagation.</p>

scholarly journals JD 16 – Spectroscopy With Large Telescopes of Chemically Peculiar Stars: Preface

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
M. Takada-Hidai ◽  
J. Zverko
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Stellar Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemically Peculiar ◽  
Peculiar Stars ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Chemically Peculiar Stars ◽  
Large Telescopes ◽  
Near Future

The Keck 10-m telescope has begun to produce many new findings in a field of stellar spectroscopy with the help of the High Resolution Spectrograph (HIRES). The other large telescopes such as the Subaru, VLT, and Gemini are now being constructed and expected to perform high-resolution spectroscopy in a near future within several years or so. These highresolution spectroscopic studies will be carried out based on studies which have been made mainly with existing telescopes with aperture smaller than 4 m.

scholarly journals High resolution analysis of the secretory pathway in mammotrophs of the rat anterior pituitary.

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Salpeter ◽  
M G Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Density Analysis

The secretory process in pituitary mammotrophs was analyzed by quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. Dispersed pituitary cells from estrogen-treated female rats were subjected to pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine (5 min) followed by a chase incubation of up to 4 h. Autoradiograms were prepared using fine-grained emulsion (Kodak 129-01), and analyzed using a three-step "mask analysis' procedure: (a) the distribution of autoradiographic grains is determined as in a simple grain density analysis; (b) masks (transparent overlays) are used to generate expected grains from assumed sources; and (c) a computer program compares these two distributions and varies the expected distribution to match the observed distribution, thereby identifying the radioactive sources in the tissue. The overall route of intracellular transport of prolactin from rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to Golgi complex leads to immature secretory granules leads to mature secretory granules was as established in previous studies. However, by use of the high resolution emulsion and method of analysis, the precision with which label could be localized within individual source compartments was much greater and the time resolution was much sharper than achieved previously using Ilford L4 emulsion and simple grain density analysis. The main new findings were as follows: (a) the ER was essentially drained of radioactivity by 30 min, the Golgi complex by 1 h, and the immature secretory granules by 2h postpulse. This indicates that the secretory product (prolactin) is rapidly and efficiently transported out of these compartments. (b) approximately 30% of the total radioactivity remains located in the ground cytoplasm over the entire postpulse period examined (up to 4 h), and by 30 min postpulse the grain density in the ground cytoplasm exceeded that of the ER. This indicates the ability to resolve ER-associated label (presumably associated mainly with secretory products) from the cytoplasmic label (presumably associated with nonsecretory proteins). (c) the specific activity of immature secretory granules was much greater than previously appreciated; at 1 h postpulse it was greater than 200 times that of the adjacent Golgi complex cisternae. This large dynamic range in observed grain density demonstrates the ability to effectively correct for radiation spread and thus to detect with great accuracy high concentration of label even from very small structures (20-100 nm) which constitute a small percentage (less than 1%) of the total cell area.

Imaging Strategies for Rectal Cancer Initial Staging: Does Pelvic Computed Tomography Provide Significantly Additional Findings when High-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging has Been Performed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033
Author(s):  
Li-Yan Liu ◽  
Li-Heng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Initial Staging

Background: Initial staging of rectal cancer is done by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, pelvic computed tomography (CT) is also frequently used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the added clinical benefit of pelvic CT or whether it can alter the initial staging or not. Methods: The study was composed of 187 patients with rectal cancer. Firstly, imaging except pelvic CT was evaluated. Secondly, the pelvic CT was evaluated and the staging was adjusted according to the new findings. Subsequently, the two staging results were compared to investigate the added clinical benefit of pelvic CT. Results: Compared with the imaging data except pelvic CT, new findings revealed by the pelvic CT included metastases of the pelvic bone (n = 1) and pelvic peritoneum (n = 3). However, the new findings did not change the primary staging. Of the three patients with pelvic peritoneal metastasis, two were already determined with peritoneal involvement and ascites by abdominal CT, and the third patient was observed with liver and distant lymph node metastasis. Thus, none of their initial stagings needed to be changed. Conclusions: The addition of pelvic CT to the pre-treatment imaging strategy cannot provide added clinical benefit for the primary evaluation of rectal cancer.

High-Resolution Analyses of Genetic and Epigenetic Aberrations in Infant Leukemia with MLL Rearrangement.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4238-4238
Author(s):  
Junko Takita ◽  
Motohiro Kato ◽  
Fumihiko Nakamura ◽  
Yuyan Chen ◽  
Go Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Tiling Array ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Affymetrix Genechip ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Infant Leukemia

Abstract MLL rearrangement-positive leukemia is one of the most aggressive types of leukemia. It is diagnosed predominantly in infants and typically shows a multilineage phenotype. Since current chemotherapy fails in more than 50% of infantile leukemia with MLL rearrangement, a better understanding of biological features of the disease is importantly in order to develop more specific and successful treatment strategies. Thus, to explore both genetic and epigenetic lesions associated with MLL rearrangement-positive infantile leukemia, we performed genome-wide analyses of copy number alterations/allelic imbalances as well as methylation analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip SNP genotyping microarrays and promoter tiling array combined with methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP). Combined with newly developed algorithm, CNAG/AsCNAR, SNP array analysis enables accurate copy number analysis at extremely high resolutions. In addition, by sensing subtle distortions in allele-specific signals caused by allelic imbalance using anonymous controls, sensitive detection of LOH is enabled with accurate determination of allele-specific copy numbers even in the face of up to 70–80% normal cell contamination. In total, 25 specimens from MLL rearrangement-positive leukemia were analyzed using high-density SNP-genotyping microarrays (Affymetrix GeneChip 100K/500K arrays). While unbalanced translocation involving chromosome 11q23 is the most frequent genetic alterations, uniparental disomy of 17q is also common genetic alterations in MLL rearrangement-positive leukemia. A number of other genetic changes were also identified but these were mostly found in a single case. On the other hand, epigenetic abnormalities have been implicated in MLL rearrangement-positive leukemia, because MLL is known to be involved in epigenetic regulations. In our assay, fragmented genomic DNA from leukemia specimens was immunoprecipitated with anti-methylcytosine antibody (MeDIP). The immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified by PCR and subjected to hybridization to the promoter tiling array, in which regulatory regions of more than 25,000 genes are tiled by 6.5 millions of oligonucleotide probes to enable sensitive detection of target sequences. This tiling array covers approximate 59% of CpG islands in the human genomes. In addition to the previously described genes, such as FHIT and HOX family, a number of tumor specific methylated sites were identified in the leukemic cells and which were subsequently verified by bisulfate sequencing. These results indicated that high-resolution analyses of genetic and epigenetic aberrations using microarray techniques are powerful and useful for detection of new findings in the pathogenesis of infant leukemia with MLL rearrangement.

scholarly journals Model evaluation of high-resolution urban climate simulations: using WRF ARW/LSM/SLUCM model as a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Yulun Zhou ◽  
Bingcheng Wan ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Biao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Model Uncertainties ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract. The veracity of urban climate simulation models should be systematically evaluated to demonstrate the trustworthiness of these models against possible model uncertainties. However, existing studies paid insufficient attention to the model evaluation; most studies only provided some simple comparison lines between modelled variables and their corresponding observed ones on the temporal dimension. Challenges remain since such simple comparisons cannot concretely prove that the simulation of urban climate behaviors is reliable. Studies without systematic model evaluations are ambiguous or arbitrary to some extent, which may still lead to some seemingly new findings, but these findings may be scientifically misleading. To tackle these challenges, this article proposes a methodological framework for the model evaluation of high-resolution urban climate simulations and demonstrates its effectiveness with a case study in the fast-urbanizing city of Shenzhen, China. It is intended to remind (again) urban climate modelers of the necessity of conducting systematic model evaluations in urban-scale climatology modelling and reduce these ambiguous or arbitrary modelling practices.

scholarly journals High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical plasmas with X-ray microcalorimeters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Ezoe ◽  
Takaya Ohashi ◽  
Kazuhisa Mitsuda
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Spectroscopy ◽  
Astrophysical Plasmas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Perseus Cluster

AbstractHigh spectral resolution with a resolving power, $$E/\Delta E \gtrsim 1000$$ E / Δ E ≳ 1000 at 6 keV, is now available in X-ray astronomy. X-ray observations are particularly effective for plasma studies since major atomic transitions appear as spectral features in the X-ray band. High-resolution spectroscopy enables us to probe a wide variety of astrophysical plasmas, which are not obtainable from ground experiments, regarding their temperature, density, magnetic field, gravity, and velocity. In this review, we describe what are the X-ray emitting plasmas in the Universe, along with basic plasma diagnostics, and depict historical development of the techniques used for the X-ray spectroscopy. We outline the X-ray microcalorimeter instrument, soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS), onboard the ASTRO-H satellite. Despite the short lifetime of the satellite in orbit for about a month, observations with the SXS have shown the remarkable power of high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray astronomy. Observed spectrum of the hot plasma in the core region of the Perseus cluster showed He-like Fe K-line to be clearly resolved into resonance, forbidden and intercombination lines for the first time. The line width indicates that the turbulent pressure amounts to only 4% of the thermal pressure of the plasma. We also describe new findings and constraints obtained from the superb spectrum of the Perseus cluster, which all indicate a great potential of X-ray spectroscopy. The recovery of the spectroscopy science of ASTRO-H is aimed at with XRISM, a Japanese mission planned for launch in early 2020s. In further future, Athena will expand the rich science with its high sensitivity and spectral resolution in early 2030s.

High-resolution separation of thiolate-protected gold clusters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 4251-4265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Niihori ◽  
Chihiro Uchida ◽  
Wataru Kurashige ◽  
Yuichi Negishi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
New Findings

This perspective summarizes our work on high-resolution separation of thiolate-protected gold clusters using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, new findings obtained by those separation, and future prospects for this field.

Observations of the spatial structure of interstellar hydrogen

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Carl Heiles
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Temperature Variations

High-resolution 21-cm line observations in a region aroundlII= 120°,b11= +15°, have revealed four types of structure in the interstellar hydrogen: a smooth background, large sheets of density 2 atoms cm-3, clouds occurring mostly in groups, and ‘Cloudlets’ of a few solar masses and a few parsecs in size; the velocity dispersion in the Cloudlets is only 1 km/sec. Strong temperature variations in the gas are in evidence.

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