Prevention strategies of cervical cancer in the HPV vaccine era

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Bosch ◽  
Diane Harper
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Prevention Strategies

scholarly journals Knowledge of Cervical Cancer and Acceptability of Prevention Strategies Among HPV-Vaccinated and Nonvaccinated Adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 196s-196s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mburu ◽  
P. Itsura
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Primary prevention of cervical cancer with the introduction of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines is the next generation means to reduction of the disease burden in developing countries. Sexually active adolescents have the highest rates of prevalent and incident HPV infection rates with over 50%–80% having infections within 12 months of initiating intercourse. From May 2012 to March 2013, through the Gardasil Access Program, Eldoret received 9600 vaccine doses and vaccinated over 3000 girls aged 9-14. Despite this, there is little information on the knowledge of cervical cancer among adolescents and their amenability to accepting cervical cancer prevention strategies. Aim: To compare the knowledge of cervical cancer and acceptability of prevention strategies among vaccinated and nonvaccinated adolescents after an HPV vaccination initiative in Eldoret, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study carried out in 6 public schools which were clustered into 2 groups of 2. 60 vaccinated and 120 nonvaccinated adolescents were randomly selected from each of the schools by proportionate allocation. IREC approval obtained and signed consent got from the parents. Data collection was then carried out using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: The median age of the participants was 14.0 (IQR: 13.0-15.0). Of 60 vaccinated adolescents, 56 (93.3%) had heard of the HPV vaccine compared with 6 (5%) of unvaccinated participants ( P < 0.001). Fifty-eight (96.7%) of vaccinated participants heard of cervical cancer compared with 61 (50.8%) unvaccinated participants ( P < 0.001). The participants were not different in their knowledge of risk factors for developing cervical cancer or its symptoms but overall, the vaccinated participants had a significantly higher knowledge score compared with the unvaccinated participants 14.4 (95% CI: 12.2-16.7). Both cohorts identified the school as the commonest source of information for health matters as compared with social media or hospitals. The 2 groups also showed similarity in their selection of cervical cancer prevention strategies acceptable to them like delaying sexual debut until after the teenage years and frequency of using barrier method for protection against sexually transmitted infections. Similar proportions of participants from both cohorts showed high acceptability of screening modalities for cervical cancer (85% vs 86.7%, P = 0.940). Of the unvaccinated participants, 63.7% expressed willingness to be vaccinated. Conclusion: Exposure to the HPV vaccine was associated with a higher knowledge of cervical cancer. The adolescents predominantly rely on the school for their information. They show remarkable acceptability for cervical cancer prevention strategies but are limited by the dearth of information they have.

HPV VACCINE AND CERVICAL CANCER

2011 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Persistent infection with high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been identified as the causal factor of cervical cancer, with relative risk up to 300-400 folds. This very close relationship leads to the preventive strategy of vaccination against HPV infections and HPV-related lesions. The article describes molecular and immunologic characteristics of HPV, currently available HPV vaccines and its protective effects; the relationship between HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening, and an introduction to therapeutic HPV vaccine trials.

Human Papillomavirus Selected Properties and Related Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2073-2086
Author(s):  
Saule Balmagambetova ◽  
Andrea Tinelli ◽  
Ospan A. Mynbaev ◽  
Arip Koyshybaev ◽  
Olzhas Urazayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Screening Programs

High-risk human papillomavirus strains are widely known to be the causative agents responsible for cervical cancer development. Aggregated damage caused by papillomaviruses solely is estimated in at least 5% of all malignancies of the human body and 16% in cancers that affect the female genital area. Enhanced understanding of the complex issue on how the high extent of carcinogenicity is eventually formed due to the infection by the Papoviridae family would contribute to enhancing current prevention strategies not only towards cervical cancer, but also other HPV associated cancers. This review article is aimed at presenting the key points in two directions: the current cervical cancer prevention and related aspects of HPV behavior. Virtually all applied technologies related to HPV diagnostics and screening programs, such as HPV tests, colposcopy-based tests (VIA/VILI), conventional and liquid-based cytology, currently available are presented. Issues of availability, advantages, and drawbacks of the screening programs, as well as vaccination strategies, are also reviewed in the article based on the analyzed sources. The current point of view regarding HPV is discussed with emphasis on the most problematic aspect of the HPV family concerning the observed increasing number of highly carcinogenic types. Present trends in HPV infection diagnostics throughout the human fluids and tissues are also reported, including the latest novelties in this field, such as HPV assay/self-sample device combinations. Besides, a brief outline of the related prevention issues in Kazakhstan, the leading country of Central Asia, is presented. Kazakhstan, as one of the post-soviet middle-income countries, may serve as an example of the current situation in those terrains, concerning the implementation of globally accepted cervical cancer prevention strategies. Along with positive achievements, such as the development of a nationwide screening program, a range of drawbacks is also analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals From the Infection to the Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: Can We Stop the Natural Course of the Disease?

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Daniela Luvero ◽  
Salvatore Lopez ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
Roberto Angioli
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20–39 years. Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Three HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern chemotherapy and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in immunotherapy as a strategy to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the HPV vaccine and immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Kulasingam ◽  
Luke Connelly ◽  
Elizabeth Conway ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Evan Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Screening

Background: The cost-effectiveness of adding a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program compared to screening alone was examined. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates screening and vaccination was developed. A vaccine that prevents 100% of HPV 16/18-associated disease, with a lifetime duration of efficacy and 80% coverage offered through a school program to girls aged 12 years, in conjunction with current screening was compared with screening alone using cost (in Australian dollars) per life-year (LY) saved and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Sensitivity analyses included determining the cost-effectiveness of offering a catch-up vaccination program to 14–26-year-olds and accounting for the benefits of herd immunity. Results: Vaccination with screening compared with screening alone was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $51 103 per LY and $18 735 per QALY, assuming a cost per vaccine dose of $115. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the duration of vaccine efficacy, including the need for a booster ($68 158 per LY and $24 988 per QALY) to produce lifetime immunity. Accounting for herd immunity resulted in a more attractive ICER ($36 343 per LY and $13 316 per QALY) for girls only. The cost per LY of vaccinating boys and girls was $92 052 and the cost per QALY was $33 644. The cost per LY of implementing a catch-up vaccination program ranged from $45 652 ($16 727 per QALY) for extending vaccination to 14-year-olds to $78 702 ($34 536 per QALY) for 26-year-olds. Conclusions: These results suggest that adding an HPV vaccine to Australia’s current screening regimen is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce cervical cancer and the clinical interventions that are currently associated with its prevention via screening alone.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Caroline Deignan ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Sara Cooper ◽  
Christopher J. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

scholarly journals Vaccination against human papilloma virus in the light of quaternary prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (41) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pizzanelli ◽  
Marc Jamoulle
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The World ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Quaternary Prevention ◽  
Opinion Article

In spite of the demonstrated benefits, the question of HPV massive vaccination is still subject to intense discussions and controversies. The protection against cancer is still unproven and need more time to be accurate about the quantification of the decrease in cervical cancer. The analysis of HPV vaccine relevance is very complex due to several overlapped levels to be considered. The authors analyze many of the ethical, sociological, economic, political and finally scientific issues involved. The population trust in vaccines has been affected owing to dubious practices of many pharmaceutical companies. Faced with this manipulation of information on a worldwide scale, general practitioners have organized themselves to fight this uncertainty. Quaternary prevention, a concept supported by the World Organization of Family doctors, advocates the application of ethically acceptable procedures in health care. This opinion article addresses some of the multiple dimensions involved to encourage reflection on this issue.

scholarly journals Evidence that HPV vaccine may be effective in preventing cervical cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
North America ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Highly Effective

Recently published results of a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, placebo-controlled trial involving 1113 women from North America and Brazil indicate that a vaccine against the two most common human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer, is highly effective

scholarly journals HPV vaccine knowledge and coverage among female students in a medical college, Kerala

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5133
Author(s):  
Niveditha Das E. ◽  
Paul T. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
General Public ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Medical College ◽  
School Of Medicine

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries including India. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the cervix is the most common risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection is widespread and occurs soon after becoming sexually active. Lack of hygiene and multiple sexual partners increases the risk of chronic HPV infection. HPV vaccine offers protection against cervical cancer. However the knowledge about HPV and vaccine is very limited among the general public. Knowledge among doctors is essential to provide timely advice to the target population.  This study aims to measure the awareness among female medical students in a medical college in Kerala.Methods: 1st to 4th year female medical students of Amrita School of Medicine were administered an anonymous, validated self-administered pretested questionnaire. Only students who had volunteered and given consent were included in the study. 165 students participated in the study.Results: The overall knowledge about cervical cancer its causation and prevention was good only in about 40%. However 83% had a positive attitude towards HPV vaccine and were willing to take the vaccine.  Only 6% had been vaccinated against HPV.Conclusions: There is a need to emphasize the aetiology and preventive measures of cervical cancer in the curriculum of MBBS students. In-depth knowledge among future doctors is essential for dissemination of knowledge to general public and timely preventive intervention.

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