The role of movement by Crepidula norrisiarum Williamson in altering reproductive potential

1998 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair J Hobday ◽  
Kristin L Riser
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential

scholarly journals FORMATION OF OIL CONTENT IN OIL RADISH SEEDS DEPENDING ON APPLIED MICROELEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsytsiura ◽  
Yurii Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Technical Direction ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Period

In the article the results of studying of features of role of trace elements in the formation of the quality indicators of seeds of oilseed radish in two varieties are reflected. Systematized the views of various researchers on the processes of formation of oil content in cruciferous crops in general and radish oilseed in particular, given the current strategy of fertilizer oilseed crops of the family Cruciferae. Studied feature of the stages of the implementation and effectiveness of mono-component micronutrients in the form of easily soluble and readily available substances. The studied set of microelements included the recommended list of physiologically important components of modern microfertilizer formats and their chemical composition in order to optimally analyze the effectiveness of application for their single application in two key phases of oilseed radish – the phenological phase of stalking and the phenological phase of flowering. The use of each of micronutrients was effective and substantial compared to the oil content of seeds of both cultivars of oilseed radish given the level of oil content in seeds in control variant. The magnitude of the variation in the oil index was estimated taking into account the differences in the nature of the hydrothermal regimes of the research period. This allowed to determine the degree of genotypic nature of the formation of the oil content of seeds in oilseed radish and the possibility and effectiveness of selection of appropriate genotypes with the prospect of obtaining oil in the technical direction of use. Also assessed the role of individual micronutrients in the magnitude of the volatility of oil content in seeds of oilseed radish. Determined that the increase of oil content in seeds of oilseed radish the addition of various trace elements in the range of 0.3-1.4% from the close dynamic the resulting effective action on the formation of this indicator in the form of Co>Zn>Cu>B>Mn>Mo. It is proved that the efficacy of these minerals increases with introducing them into the flowering stage, which is a critical period regarding the implementation of the reproductive potential of the plants of oilseed radish and the formation of appropriate indicators of the quality of its seeds. The recommendations for further research in the field of optimization of fertilizer radish seeds and micronutrients were formulated. Key words: oilseed radish, fertilizer, microelements, seed quality, oil content, variety.

Early-Stage Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Fais ◽  
Giorgio Candotti ◽  
Giulia Carboni ◽  
Speranza Luisa Anedda ◽  
Valerio Mais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Fertility Sparing ◽  
Early Stage Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node Assessment

Recent advances in screening and early diagnosis have decreased cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate in high-resource settings. The postponement of childbearing and the young age of women at diagnosis produced new challenges in the management of this disease. In recent years, attention has been directed to assessing more conservative procedures that can reduce treatment-related morbidity, without compromising oncologic safety and reproductive potential. Fertility sparing surgery (FSS) procedures, including cervical conization, simple or radical trachelectomy with pelvic nodes dissection or sentinel lymph node assessment, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by conization, have shown encouraging results. In this chapter, the authors discuss the role of conservative surgery in the management of early-stage cervical cancer focusing on obstetrical and oncological outcomes.

scholarly journals Kin-Mediated Male Choice and Alternative Reproductive Tactics in Spider Mites

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Peter Schausberger ◽  
Yukie Sato
Keyword(s):  
Random Mating ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Male Choice ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Kin Competition ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Two Populations

Optimal outbreeding and kin selection theories state that the degree of kinship is a fundamental determinant in any mating system. However, the role of kinship in male choice and alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) is poorly known. We assessed the influence of kinship on male choice and expression of ARTs in two populations of two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae. Male spider mites guard premature females, which is an indicator of mate choice, and may conditionally adopt fighting or sneaking tactics to secure access to females. Males competing with kin or non-kin were offered one kin or non-kin female (experiment 1) and single males were presented a choice of kin and non-kin females (experiment 2). Under kin competition, males of both populations were more prone to guard non-kin than kin females at a 3:1 fighter:sneaker ratio. Under non-kin competition, all males were fighters. Under no-choice, males used novelty as indicator of genetic dissimilarity, serving as absolute decision rule for outbreeding. Under choice, comparative evaluation allowed males to preferentially guard females with higher reproductive potential. Overall, our study suggests that male spider mites can assess kinship of rivals and prospective mates. Kin discrimination allows adaptive, context-specific non-random mating preference and adjustment of ARTs.

scholarly journals Gut bacterial diversity and physiological traits of Anastrepha fraterculus Brazilian-1 morphotype males are affected by antibiotic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Juárez ◽  
Lida Elena Pimper ◽  
Guillermo Enrique Bachmann ◽  
Claudia Alejandra Conte ◽  
María Josefina Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms

Abstract Background The interaction between gut bacterial symbionts and Tephritidae became the focus of several studies that showed that bacteria contributed to the nutritional status and the reproductive potential of its fruit fly hosts. Anastrepha fraterculus is an economically important fruit pest in South America. This pest is currently controlled by insecticides, which prompt the development of environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). For SIT to be effective, a deep understanding of the biology and sexual behavior of the target species is needed. Although many studies have contributed in this direction, little is known about the composition and role of A. fraterculus symbiotic bacteria. In this study we tested the hypothesis that gut bacteria contribute to nutritional status and reproductive success of A. fraterculus males. Results AB affected the bacterial community of the digestive tract of A. fraterculus, in particular bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which was the dominant bacterial group in the control flies (i.e., non-treated with AB). AB negatively affected parameters directly related to the mating success of laboratory males and their nutritional status. AB also affected males’ survival under starvation conditions. The effect of AB on the behaviour and nutritional status of the males depended on two additional factors: the origin of the males and the presence of a proteinaceous source in the diet. Conclusions Our results suggest that A. fraterculus males gut contain symbiotic organisms that are able to exert a positive contribution on A. fraterculus males’ fitness, although the physiological mechanisms still need further studies.

scholarly journals Reproductive Potential of Yeast Cells Depends on Overall Action of Interconnected Changes in Central Carbon Metabolism, Cellular Biosynthetic Capacity, and Proteostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7313
Author(s):  
Roman Maslanka ◽  
Renata Zadrag-Tecza
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Hexokinase 2 ◽  
Central Carbon

Carbon metabolism is a crucial aspect of cell life. Glucose, as the primary source of energy and carbon skeleton, determines the type of cell metabolism and biosynthetic capabilities, which, through the regulation of cell size, may affect the reproductive capacity of the yeast cell. Calorie restriction is considered as the most effective way to improve cellular physiological capacity, and its molecular mechanisms are complex and include several nutrient signaling pathways. It is widely assumed that the metabolic shift from fermentation to respiration is treated as a substantial driving force for the mechanism of calorie restriction and its influence on reproductive capabilities of cells. In this paper, we propose another approach to this issue based on analysis the connection between energy-producing and biomass formation pathways which are closed in the metabolic triangle, i.e., the respiration-glycolysis-pentose phosphate pathway. The analyses were based on the use of cells lacking hexokinase 2 (∆hxk2) and conditions of different glucose concentration corresponding to the calorie restriction and the calorie excess. Hexokinase 2 is the key enzyme involved in central carbon metabolism and is also treated as a calorie restriction mimetic. The experimental model used allows us to explain both the role of increased respiration as an effect of calorie restriction but also other aspects of carbon metabolism and the related metabolic flux in regulation of reproductive potential of the cells. The obtained results reveal that increased respiration is not a prerequisite for reproductive potential extension but rather an accompanying effect of the positive role of calorie restriction. More important seems to be the changes connected with fluxes in central carbon metabolic pathways resulting in low biosynthetic capabilities and improved proteostasis.

Interspecific Competition and Population Control in Freshwater Fish

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Population Interaction

Interspecific competition is defined as the demand of more than one organism for the same resource of the environment in excess of immediate supply. When two species are "competing for a niche" the term competition has been used to include phenomena such as predation of the two species on each other, competition to avoid a parasite, etc. Making this distinction in natural situations is unrealistic. In the limited sense in which interspecific competition is defined above, it is a discrete phenomenon, which with other phenomena such as predation, can be measured as a factor involved in interaction between species.Freshwater environments offer comparatively few opportunities for specialization in fishes. In consequence many species have a relatively wide tolerance of habitat type, a flexibility of feeding habits and in general share many resources of their environment with several other species of fish. Cannibalism and mutual predation are common complications of competitive relationships between species. The organization of freshwater fish communities is thus characterized by breadth at each level of the food chain rather than by a height of a pyramid of numbers. Flexible growth rate and high reproductive potential permit fish populations to tide over unfavorable periods of competition. In these circumstances it is difficult to separate the role of interspecific competition from other phenomena as a factor of population control. As a subordinate factor, predisposing fish to loss from other causes, interspecific competition may act to influence population levels. There is need for quantitative data and mathematical models for study of the types of population interaction typical in freshwater fish associations.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Male Infertility: Juxtacrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-489
Author(s):  
Valeriy A. Chereshnev ◽  
Svetlana V. Pichugova ◽  
Yakov B. Beikin ◽  
Margarita V. Chereshneva ◽  
Angelina I. Iukhta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Venous Stasis ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Sperm Antigens ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Blood Testis Barrier

According to global data, there is a male reproductive potential decrease. Pathogenesis of male infertility is often associated with autoimmunity towards sperm antigens essential for fertilization. Antisperm autoantibodies (ASAs) have immobilizing and cytotoxic properties, impairing spermatogenesis, causing sperm agglutination, altering spermatozoa motility and acrosomal reaction, and thus preventing ovum fertilization. Infertility diagnosis requires a mandatory check for the ASAs. The concept of the blood–testis barrier is currently re-formulated, with an emphasis on informational paracrine and juxtacrine effects, rather than simple anatomical separation. The etiology of male infertility includes both autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases but equally develops through autoimmune links of pathogenesis. Varicocele commonly leads to infertility due to testicular ischemic damage, venous stasis, local hyperthermia, and hypoandrogenism. However, varicocelectomy can alter the blood–testis barrier, facilitating ASAs production as well. There are contradictory data on the role of ASAs in the pathogenesis of varicocele-related infertility. Infection and inflammation both promote ASAs production due to “danger concept” mechanisms and because of antigen mimicry. Systemic pro-autoimmune influences like hyperprolactinemia, hypoandrogenism, and hypothyroidism also facilitate ASAs production. The diagnostic value of various ASAs has not yet been clearly attributed, and their cut-levels have not been determined in sera nor in ejaculate. The assessment of the autoimmunity role in the pathogenesis of male infertility is ambiguous, so the purpose of this review is to show the effects of ASAs on the pathogenesis of male infertility.

scholarly journals Management of Climatic Factors for Successful Silkworm (Bombyx moriL.) Crop and Higher Silk Production: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Rahmathulla
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Silkworm Larva

The seasonal differences in the environmental components considerably affect the genotypic expression in the form of phenotypic output of silkworm crop such as cocoon weight, shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. The variations in the environmental conditions day to day and season to season emphasize the need of management of temperature and relative humidity for sustainable cocoon production. The present review paper discuss in details about the role of temperature and humidity on growth and development of silkworm including recent studies on heat shock protein. Study also discusses the influence of air and light on silkworm development. In addition to this study emphasis on the role of various environmental factors on embryonic development of silkworm egg, nutritional indices of silkworm larva and reproductive potential of silkworm moth. The study also highlights about the care to be required during silkworm spinning and influence of temperature and humidity on post cocoon parameters of silkworm. The study included future strategies to be taken for the management climatic condition for successful cocoon crop. The paper covers 140 references connected with the topic.

scholarly journals Ambedkar’s Feminism: Debunking the Myths of Manu in a Quest for Gender Equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Stringent Control ◽  
Women’S Sexuality ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Free Women

This article focuses on the role of Dr B. R. Ambedkar in the empowerment of women through mobilization of the womenfolk against the subjugation meted out to them by the caste and gender hierarchy in order to maintain the existing caste structures. Ambedkar realized the need for women to become the torchbearers of the new reformed society which is both casteless and classless in nature. He therefore advocated a companionate relationship between men and women as opposed to the master–slave relationship that Manu propagated in Manusmriti. In order to achieve such a feat, the need of the hour was to free women from the bounds imposed upon them by the existing Brahmanical social order which treated them as subservient to men and wholly dependent on their male counterparts. Manu’s idea of a woman was of a subhuman being in need of stringent control by her male relations. This article seeks to answer the question—why it was imperative to control women thus? Women, owing to their reproductive potential, have the ability to dismantle the caste purity by reproducing outside of their castes. Hence, their ideological suppression becomes essential to the enterprise of maintaining caste purity. For this purpose, several ritualistic tools had to be put in place to extinguish the threat of women’s sexuality.

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