Assessment of estrus detection by visual observation and electronic detection methods and characterization of factors associated with estrus and pregnancy in beef heifers

Summary Objective: In context of the study farmers using an automated activity monitoring (AAM) system called Heatime were surveyed on estrus detection practices. The aim of the study was to gain an overview of the usual estrus detection methods and especially to learn about the practical aspects of that system. Material and methods: Items addressing farm and animal environment, estrus detection before and after installation of Heatime, reproduction, Heatime management and the far mer’s perception of efficiency were asked. Results: A total of 232 survey forms were returned (58.3% response rate) and 219 surveys could be used for final analysis. Visual observation was the most common practice to detect estrus. After installation of the Heatime system the farmers assessed that the application of hormones for reproduction management decreased. The majority of the responding dairy farmers (93.1%) strongly agreed or agreed that heat detection was higher after the installation of Heatime. Most of them (92.3%) strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that the reproduction management became easier with Heatime. Conclusion: Overall, 94.1% of the responding farm managers were satisfied with the Heatime system and almost all of them (94.5%) would install the system again. Clinical relevance: The results show that the Heatime system is a well accepted estrus detection aid and has the potential to reduce the time needed for estrus detection and might potentially reduce the use of hormones.

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Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of QX(GI-19)-Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in South Korea

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1163

Author(s):

So-Youn Youn ◽

Ji-Youn Lee ◽

You-Chan Bae ◽

Yong-Kuk Kwon ◽

Hye-Ryoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

South Korea ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Genetic Recombination ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Reference Sequences ◽

And Control

Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) are evolving continuously via genetic drift and genetic recombination, making disease prevention and control difficult. In this study, we undertook genetic and pathogenic characterization of recombinant IBVs isolated from chickens in South Korea between 2003 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 46 IBV isolates belonged to GI-19, which includes nephropathogenic IBVs. Ten isolates formed a new cluster, the genomic sequences of which were different from those of reference sequences. Recombination events in the S1 gene were identified, with putative parental strains identified as QX-like, KM91-like, and GI-15. Recombination detection methods identified three patterns (rGI-19-I, rGI-19-II, and rGI-19-III). To better understand the pathogenicity of recombinant IBVs, we compared the pathogenicity of GI-19 with that of the rGI-19s. The results suggest that rGI-19s may be more likely to cause trachea infections than GI-19, whereas rGI-19s were less pathogenic in the kidney. Additionally, the pathogenicity of rGI-19s varied according to the genotype of the major parent. These results indicate that genetic recombination between heterologous strains belonging to different genotypes has occurred, resulting in the emergence of new recombinant IBVs in South Korea.

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Viruses and Virus Diseases of Rubus

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-12-0362-fe ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 168-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Robert R. Martin ◽

Stuart MacFarlane ◽

Sead Sabanadzovic ◽

Diego Quito ◽

Bindu Poudel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Far East ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Center Of Origin ◽

The Family ◽

Production Stages ◽

Rubus Species ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Made In

Blackberry and raspberry are members of the family Rosaceae. They are classified in the genus Rubus, which comprises hundreds of species and has a center of origin in the Far East. Rubus is divided into 15 subgenera with blackberries classified in the Rubus (formerly Eubatus) and raspberries in the Idaeobatus subgenera. Rubus species are propagated vegetatively and are subject to infection by viruses during development, propagation, and fruit production stages. Reports of initial detection and symptoms of more than 30 viruses, virus-like diseases, and phytoplasmas affecting Rubus spp. were reviewed more than 20 years ago. Since the last review on Rubus viruses, significant progress has been made in the molecular characterization of many of the viruses that infect Rubus spp. Currently, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction detection methods are available for most of the viruses known to infect Rubus. The goals of this article are to update the knowledge on previously characterized viruses of Rubus, highlight recently described viruses, review the virus-induced symptoms, describe the advances made in their detection, and discuss our knowledge about several virus complexes that cause serious diseases in Rubus. Virus complexes have been identified recently as the major cause of diseases in blackberries and raspberries.

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Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease: A Review

Neurographics ◽

10.3174/ng.2000026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

S. Tellapuri ◽

P.D. Sutphin ◽

S.P. Kalva ◽

R.F. Mattrey

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Nonlinear Behavior ◽

Current Status ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Direct Evaluation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Microbubble Contrast Agents

Contrast-enhanced sonography is a safe, radiation-free, and minimally invasive imaging technique. It takes advantage of the nonlinear behavior of microbubble contrast agents to produce microbubble-only images, which allows for the assessment of the extracranial carotid arteries, with a minuscule total dose of <1 mL. This review highlights the current status of extracranial carotid sonography imaging, including plaque characterization when using standard and contrast-enhanced sonography.Learning Objective: Describe risk factors associated with ischemic stroke and the associated imaging features and how contrast-enhanced sonography can provide direct evaluation for carotid artery stenosis as well as characterization of atherosclerotic plaque.

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Tunable, Low Stress Al2O3 Nanopores For The Electronic Detection Of Biomolecules

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3838 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 645a

Author(s):

Murali Venkatesan ◽

Sukru Yemenicioglu ◽

Brian Dorvel ◽

Rashid Bashir

Keyword(s):

Electronic Detection ◽

Fabrication And Characterization ◽

Detection Of Biomolecules

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General Analytical Schemes for the Characterization of Pectin-Based Edible Gelled Systems

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/967407 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maryam Haghighi ◽

Karamatollah Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Rheological Measurement ◽

Rheological Measurements ◽

Analytical Approaches

Pectin-based gelled systems have gained increasing attention for the design of newly developed food products. For this reason, the characterization of such formulas is a necessity in order to present scientific data and to introduce an appropriate finished product to the industry. Various analytical techniques are available for the evaluation of the systems formulated on the basis of pectin and the designed gel. In this paper, general analytical approaches for the characterization of pectin-based gelled systems were categorized into several subsections including physicochemical analysis, visual observation, textural/rheological measurement, microstructural image characterization, and psychorheological evaluation. Three-dimensional trials to assess correlations among microstructure, texture, and taste were also discussed. Practical examples of advanced objective techniques including experimental setups for small and large deformation rheological measurements and microstructural image analysis were presented in more details.

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Use of multi-locus sequencing typing as identification method for the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes: a review

Veterinary Science Development ◽

10.4081/vsd.2015.5753 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonia Lamon ◽

Domenico Meloni ◽

Simonetta Gianna Consolati ◽

Anna Mureddu ◽

Rina Mazzette

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Intracellular Pathogen ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

New Approach ◽

Food Borne ◽

Global Epidemiology ◽

Selection Of

Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated within the past decade as the causative organism in several outbreaks of foodborne diseases. In this review, a new approach to molecular typing primarily designed for global epidemiology has been described: multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST). This approach is novel, in that it uses data that allow the unambiguous characterization of bacterial strains via the Internet. Our aim is to present the currently available selection of references on L. monocytogenes MLST detection methods and to discuss its use as gold standard to L. monocytogenes subtyping method.

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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Fortunella margarita Leaves

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4364

Author(s):

Rutaba Amjad ◽

Bismillah Mubeen ◽

Syed Shahbaz Ali ◽

Syed Sarim Imam ◽

Sultan Alshehri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Color Change ◽

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Visual Observation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Characteristic Absorption Peak ◽

Bluish Green ◽

Dark Green

The use of biomaterials in the synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the most up-to-date focuses in modern nanotechnologies and nanosciences. More and more research on green methods of producing metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) is taking place, with the goal to overcome the possible dangers of toxic chemicals for a safe and innocuous environment. In this study, we synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Fortunella margarita leaves’ extract, which reflects its novelty in the field of nanosciences. The visual observation of a color change from dark green to bluish green clearly shows the instant and spontaneous formation of CuNPs when the phytochemicals of F. margarita come in contact with Cu+2 ions. The synthesis of CuNPs was carried out at different conditions, including pH, temperature, concentration ratio and time, and were characterized with UV-Vis absorption spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis analysis reveals the surface plasmon resonance property (SPR) of CuNPs, showing a characteristic absorption peak at 679 nm, while SEM reveals the spherical but agglomerated shape of CuNPs of the size within the range of 51.26–56.66 nm.

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Several Methods of Estrus Detection in Cattle Dams: A Review

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201866020619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 619-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mária Mičiaková ◽

Peter Strapák ◽

Iveta Szencziová ◽

Eva Strapáková ◽

Ondrej Hanušovský

Keyword(s):

Cycle Length ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Time Measurement ◽

Sexual Receptivity ◽

Estrus Cycle ◽

Estrus Detection ◽

Locomotion Activity

The oestrus is defined as a complex of physiological signs and changes of behavior occurring immediately before the ovulation. It is the period of sexual receptivity of the cow and this period characterized by, typical cow behaviour which is standing when mounted by a bull or companion cow. Cow indicates this willingness by a slight arching of the back and immobility when approached. The bovine estrus cycle averages 20 days in heifers and 21 days in cows, but the fluctuations in the cycle length is laying between 18 and 25 days. As a result of this progress often only 50 % of the estrus cycles are recognized, and it is extremely hard to find all cows on heat. We state a few methods for estrus detection such as visual observation, locomotion activity and rumination time measurement and other.

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Characterization of the interactions between uranium and colloids in soil by on-line fractionation multi-detection methods

Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-87746-2_104 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 807-814

Author(s):

Céline Claveranne-Lamolére ◽

Gaëtane Lespes ◽

Jean Aupiais ◽

Eric Pili ◽

Fabien Pointurier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Methods ◽

On Line

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