Characterization of pre-Hispanic pottery from Teotihuacan, Mexico, by a combined PIXE–RBS and XRD analysis

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Perfluorinated Linkers

Advances in Science and Technology ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.98.70 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

Andrius Laurikėnas ◽

Jurgis Barkauskas ◽

Aivaras Kareiva

Keyword(s):

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Lanthanide Elements ◽

Diffusion Controlled ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Lanthanide Metal

In this study, lanthanide elements (Ln3+) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (TFBDC) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized by precipitation and diffusion-controlled precipitation methods. Powders insoluble in aqueous media and polar solvents were obtained. The microstructure and properties of Ln3+ MOFs were evaluated and discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FLS) were carried out to characterize Ln3+ MOF's crystallinity, the microstructure, chemical composition and optical properties.

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Optimization and Characterization of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Leaves Extract of Alphonsea Madraspatana

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407217666210223092824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Amita Sahu ◽

Sudhanshu Shekhar Swain ◽

Goutam Ghosh ◽

Deepak Pradhan ◽

Dipak Kumar Sahu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Nano Silver ◽

E Coli ◽

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: Literature evidences as well as traditional uses of genus Alphonsea reveal significant antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activity, which encourages to consider A. madraspatana to have potent antimicrobials, there by offering potential adjuncts to synthesize improved antimicrobial Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The objective of the present exposition is to optimize reaction parameters to synthesize antimicrobial Biogenic Silver nanoparticles (BAgNPs) from extract of A. madraspatana leaves (AML) and to evaluate the effect against bacteria. Methods: BAgNPs was synthesized by optimized reaction. The Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, IR, ICP-MS and XRD analysis. The antibacterial potency of optimized BAgNPs was evaluated against E. coli by comparing with positive controls. Results: Results of optimization process indicate nanoscale BAgNPs were produced at operating temp. of 45°C for 120 min at pH 8 with 1:5 volume ratio of AgNO3 and extract. Optimized BAgNPs exhibits relatively higher antimicrobial activity (31±1mm) compared to Ciprofloxacin (27±1mm) and marketed nano silver (28± 2 mm). The developed BAgNPs shows comparable biofilm inhibition (86.50%) as compared to marketed nano silver (88.10%) and Ciprofloxacin (83.10%). Conclusion: Experimental evidence suggests methanolic extract of AML under predefined conditions successfully generate nano-template of silver with better antibacterial response against E. coli.

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Sintering of alumina ceramics reinforced with a bioactive glass of 3CaO.P2O5-SiO2-MgO system

Cerâmica ◽

10.1590/0366-69132015613581887 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (358) ◽

pp. 160-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. W. Huang ◽

C. Santos ◽

R. O. Magnago ◽

R. F. F. Silva ◽

K. Strecker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Relative Density ◽

Transient Liquid Phase ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Alumina Ceramics ◽

Crystalline Phases ◽

Powder Mixtures ◽

Solid State Sintering ◽

Sintering Condition

Alumina-based ceramics, Al2O3, exhibit a combination of properties which favor its use as biomaterial, specifically as structural dental prosthesis. Its most important properties as biomaterial are its elevated hardness, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Usually, Al2O3 is processed by solid-state sintering at a temperature of about 1600 oC, but it is very difficult to eliminate the porosity due to its diffusional characteristics. The objective of this work was the development and characterization of sintered Al2O3 ceramics, densified with a transient liquid phase formed by a bioactive 3CaO.P2O5-SiO2-MgO glass. Powder mixtures of 90 wt.% Al2O3 and 10 wt.% bioglass were milled, compacted and sintered at 1200 oC to 1450 oC. Comparatively, monolithic Al2O3 samples were sintered at 1600 oC/120 min. The sintered specimens were characterized by relative density, crystalline phases, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the specimen sintered at 1450 oC/120 min present the best properties. Under this sintering condition, a relative density of 95% was reached, besides hardness higher than 9 GPa and fracture toughness of 6.2 MPa.m1/2. XRD analysis indicate alumina (αAl2O3), whitlockite (3CaO.P2O5) and diopsite [3(Ca,Mg)O.P2O5], as crystalline phases. Comparatively, monolithic sintered Al2O3 samples presented 92% of relative density with 17.4 GPa and 3.8 MPa.m1/2 of hardness and fracture toughness respectively.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE/TI6AL4V COMPOSITE POWDER UNDER VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v75.5168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Arifin ◽

Abu Bakar Sulong ◽

Norhamidi Muhamad ◽

Junaidi Syarif

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Powder ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Two Phases ◽

Work Interaction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, Hydroxyapatite possesses poor mechanical properties and only tolerate limited loads for implants. Titanium is well-known materials applied in implant that has advantage in mechanical properties but poor in biocompatibility. The combination of the Titanium alloy and HA is expected to produce bio-implants with good in term of mechanical properties and biocompatabilty. In this work, interaction and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V was analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V composite powder obtained from compaction (powder metallurgy) of 60 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 40 wt.% HA and sintering at different temperatures in air were investigated in this study. Interactions of the mixed powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The hardness and density of the HA/Ti6Al4V composites were also measured. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the oxidation of Ti began at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, two phases were formed (i.e., TiO2 and CaTiO3). The results showed that the hardness HA/Ti6Al4V composites increased by 221.6% with increasing sintering temperature from 700oC to 1000oC. In contrast, the density of the composites decreased by 1.9% with increasing sintering temperature.

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A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Submicro-Sized BiFeO3

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13133035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3035

Author(s):

Dovydas Karoblis ◽

Diana Griesiute ◽

Kestutis Mazeika ◽

Dalis Baltrunas ◽

Dmitry V. Karpinsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bismuth Ferrite ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Synthetic Approach ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Dsc Measurements ◽

Optimal Annealing Temperature ◽

Synthesized Materials

In this study, a highly crystalline bismuth ferrite (BFO) powder was synthesized using a novel, very simple, and cost-effective synthetic approach. It was demonstrated that the optimal annealing temperature for the preparation of highly-pure BFO is 650 °C. At lower or higher temperatures, the formation of neighboring crystal phases was observed. The thermal behavior of BFO precursor gel was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy were employed for the investigation of structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate morphological features of the synthesized materials. The obtained powders were also characterized by magnetization measurements, which showed antiferromagnetic behavior of BFO powders.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Trivalent al Substituted Zinc Ferrite using Ethylene Diamine (EDA) as Ligand

Non-Metallic Material Science ◽

10.30564/omms.v2i2.1863 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Soumya Mukherjee

Keyword(s):

Zinc Ferrite ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Ph Control ◽

Ethylene Diamine ◽

Complexing Agent ◽

Chemical Route ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Auto Combustion ◽

Phase Transition Zone

Nano domain Al substituted Zinc ferrite was prepared by chemical route using Ethylene Diamine as ligand. High purity precursors nitrate salts of Zinc, Fe(3+), Al(3+) were utilized along with citric acid which acts as both fuel and complexing agent. Two different molar ratios of Zn(2+):(Fe3+):Al(3+) is 1:1.5:0.5 and 1:1.25:0.75. After ensuring proper mix of the solution Ethylene diamine was added dropwise to form a gel like mass with proper pH control. Before annealing, thermal analysis was carried to determine the crystallization/phase transition zone. Drying was carried in several stages. Initially, gel like mass was obtained after drying at 40°C while pH was about 7. Drying of gel was carried in oil bath at about 90°C and powdered mass obtained was grinded followed by auto combustion at 150°C for 60 minutes before annealing at 150°C, 350°C, 650°C, 950°C for 2 hours to ensure the phase formation. Crystallite size, lattice strain and lattice parameters were studied from XRD analysis.

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Preparation and Characterization of Immobilized Molybdenum Complex on Pillared Montmorillonite K-10

Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology ◽

10.33102/mjosht.v1i1.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farah Wahida Harun ◽

Siti Balkis Mahamat Nor ◽

Siti Salhah Othman

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Basal Spacing ◽

Molybdenum Complex ◽

X Ray ◽

Pillared Montmorillonite ◽

Sem Micrograph ◽

Pillaring Solution

This study was carried out to immobilize molybdenyl (VI) acetylacetonate (MoO2(acac)2) complex on alumina pillared montmorillonite K-10 (MMT K-10). Pillar MMT K-10 was produced by introducing MMT K-10 with a hydrolysis solution of NaOH with AlCl3. Different concentrations of pillaring solution were prepared in terms of OHto Al3+ ratio (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) to observe the structural characteristics of MMT K-10. The pillared materials were then immobilized with 0.1 M MoO2(acac)2 and were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled in an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) techniques. FTIR bands at ca. 890 – 930 cm-1 indicate that the Mo complex was immobilized on the surface of pillared MMT K-10 not in between the layers. This is supported by the SEM and XRD analysis where the SEM micrograph showed deposition of Mo on the surface of MMT K-10 as well as no modification of basal spacing was observed by XRD. Meanwhile, the d(001) spacing of the alumina pillared MMT K10 samples were seen to increase slightly as the concentration of OH/Al3+ increased.

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Production and Characterization of HVOF Sprayed NiCr-TiC Coatings Using SHS Powder Feedstock

Thermal Spray 2000: Proceedings from the International Thermal Spray Conference ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0515 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

M.T. Blatchford ◽

A.J. Horlock ◽

D.G. McCartney ◽

P.H. Shipway ◽

J.V. Wood

Keyword(s):

Thermal Spraying ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Powder Size ◽

Coating Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Hvof Spraying ◽

X Ray ◽

Wear Rates ◽

Powder Feedstock

Abstract In this paper, the production of NiCr-TiC powder by SHS, suitable for HVOF spraying, is discussed together with results on the microstructure and coating properties. Compacts for SHS were prepared by mixing elemental Ti and C with pre-alloyed Ni-20wt.% Cr powder to give an overall composition of 35wt.% NiCr and 65wt.% TiC. These were then ignited and a self-sustaining reaction proceeded to completion. Reacted compacts were crushed, sieved, and classified to give feedstock powders in size ranges of 10-45 µm and 45-75 µm. All powder was characterized prior to spraying based on particle size distribution, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Thermal spraying was performed using both H2 and C3H6 as fuel gases in a UTP/Miller Thermal HVOF system. The resulting coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD analysis, and the microstructures correlated with powder size and spray conditions. Abrasive wear was determined by a modified 'dry sand rubber wheel' (DSRW) test and wear rates were measured. It has been found that wear rates comparable to those of HVOF sprayed WC-17wt% Co coatings can be achieved.

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Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Hardness of Ti-6Al-7Nb

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 860 ◽

pp. 218-222

Author(s):

Della Maharani ◽

Anawati Anawati ◽

I. Nyoman Jujur ◽

Damisih

Keyword(s):

Centrifugal Casting ◽

Solution Treatment ◽

Aging Treatment ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Alloying Element ◽

Mechanical Hardness ◽

Β Phase ◽

Permanent Implant

The metastable β Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been used clinically as a permanent implant material owing to its suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the alloying element V was accused of causing toxicity when released to human body fluid. In this work, Nb was used in the alloy to replace V. This study presents the characterization of microstructure and mechanical hardness of as-cast Ti-6Al-7Nb and after solution treatment. The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was fabricated by the centrifugal casting method. Solution treatment was carried out at 970°C for 1 hour, followed by oil quenching, and consecutively an aging treatment was applied at 500°C for 8 hours. The microstructure was studied by an optical microscope. The mechanical hardness was measured by microhardness Vickers. The results show that the mechanical hardness of the Ti-6Al-7Nb decreased from 396.2 to 377.2 HV as a result of the solution treatment. Reduction in the hardness was attributed to the phase transformation of α to the β phase during the solution treatment. The XRD analysis showed a reduction in the intensity of α phases at the (011), (012), and (020) planes in the alloy after the solution treatment. The results indicated that the microstructure and mechanical hardness of Ti-6Al7-Nb alloy were affected by the solution treatment.

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