Violence and its prediction at a psychiatric hospital

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sjöström ◽  
D.N. Eder ◽  
U. Malm ◽  
J. Beskow
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time

SummaryAggressive behaviour in psychiatric inpatients was assessed before and after a training course for staff members. The Social Dysfunction Aggression Scale (SDAS) was used to report and assess aggressive behaviour over time, and the Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS) to report and assess single aggressive incidents. In addition, the numbers of nursing staff members who were on sick leave because of injuries in the periods before and after the course were recorded and compared. No statistically significant reduction was found in the number of aggressive patients or in the number of staff members on sick leave. One interesting finding was a lower reporting on the SOAS of perceived aggressive incidents after the training course in comparison with the SDAS reports. Directed verbal aggressiveness and violence towards things were found to be predictors of violence.

scholarly journals Divergent Response to the SSRI Citalopram in Male and Female Three-Spine Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Martin Kellner ◽  
K. Håkan Olsén
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Divergent Response

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are psychotropic pharmaceuticals used as antidepressants. SSRIs are commonly found in surface waters in populated areas across the globe. They exert their effect by blocking the serotonin re-uptake transporter in the presynaptic nerve ending. The present study examined whether behavioural effects to exposure to SSRI citalopram depend on personality and sex in the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Three aspects of stickleback behaviour are examined: feeding behaviour, aggression, and boldness. We exposed sticklebacks to 350–380 ng/l citalopram for 3 weeks. Feeding and aggressive behaviour were recorded before and after exposure, whereas scototaxis behaviour was tested after exposure. The results show treatment effects in feeding and aggressive behaviour. Feeding is suppressed only in the male group (χ2 = 20.4, P < 0.001) but not in the females (χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.339). Aggressive behaviour was significantly affected by treatment (χ2 = 161.9, P < 0.001), sex (χ2 = 86.3, P < 0.001), and baseline value (χ2 = 58.8, P < 0.001). Aggressiveness was suppressed by citalopram treatment. In addition, the fish showed no change in aggression and feeding behaviour over time regardless of sex and treatment, which indicate personality traits. Only females are affected by treatment in the scototaxis test. The exposed females spent significantly (χ2 = 5.02, P = 0.050) less time in the white zone than the female controls.

The Process of Whistleblowing in a Japanese Psychiatric Hospital

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Ohnishi ◽  
Yumiko Hayama ◽  
Atsushi Asai ◽  
Shinji Kosugi
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Delayed Action ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

This study aims to unveil the process of whistleblowing. Two nursing staff members who worked in a psychiatric hospital convicted of large-scale wrongdoing were interviewed. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. Analysis of the interviews demonstrated that they did not decide to whistleblow when they were suspicious or had an awareness of wrongdoing. They continued to work, driven by appreciation, affection, and a sense of duty. Their decision to whistleblow was ultimately motivated by firm conviction. Shortly after whistleblowing, wavering emotions were observed, consisting of a guilty conscience, fear of retribution, and pride, which subsequently transformed to stable emotions containing a sense of relief and regret for delayed action. It is necessary for nurses to recognize that their professional responsibility is primarily to patients, not to organizations. Nurses should also have professional judgment about appropriate allegiance and actions.

Are staged dyadic encounters useful for studying aggressive behaviour of arvicoline rodents?

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Harper ◽  
George O. Batzli
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Over Time

We investigated the aggressiveness of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in dyadic encounters staged in different types of arena trials to determine if responses differed (i) between neutral arena trials conducted in the laboratory and resident–intruder trials conducted in the field, (ii) between trials staged before and after 3 months of isolation from social contact, (iii) between voles reared in the laboratory and voles reared in the field, and (iv) among trials staged with the same individual over time. Though rodents are usually expected to be more aggressive on their own home range, female prairie voles tended to be more aggressive in neutral arenas. Males showed no difference in aggression between trials held in neutral arenas and trials held in arenas placed in their home ranges. Aggressiveness was not affected by 3 months of isolation for either males or females, suggesting that recent social cues may not strongly influence aggressive behaviour in this species. Voles reared in the laboratory were significantly more aggressive than those reared in enclosed field populations, which suggests that direct comparisons of field and laboratory studies of aggressive behaviour may be suspect. Individuals showed little change in aggressiveness when tested over several weeks in three trials with different opponents. We conclude that encounters staged in arenas provide standardized estimates of aggressiveness that are robust to differences in testing procedures and are repeatable over time. Therefore, their continued use seems warranted for studying aggressive behaviour of voles and lemmings.

Preliminary Study of Effect of the Iraqi Invasion on Addictive Behaviour in Kuwait

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. El-Garem ◽  
E. S. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Addictive Behaviour ◽  
Citizen Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

During the Iraqi invasion, Kuwait was flooded with alcoholic substances and drugs which, if used, could induce harmful radical changes in the personality and behaviour of Kuwaiti citizens (note Islam prohibits alcohol). After liberation aggressive behaviour prevailed among some Kuwaiti citizen groups, including addicts, as the government of Kuwait had not yet reestablished discipline and control over the citizens. Forensic cases of addicts referred to Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital before and after the invasion were examined. Marked differences were observed concerning age, education, occupation, marital status, addictive behaviour, crime committed, and place of referral and discharge.

scholarly journals Patients’ health outcomes after an implementation intervention targeting the physiotherapists’ clinical behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fritz ◽  
Lena Almqvist ◽  
Anne Söderlund ◽  
Lars Wallin ◽  
Maria Sandborgh
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Behavioural Medicine ◽  
Implementation Support ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background A behavioural medicine approach in physiotherapy has shown positive effects on increased and sustained activities and participation, including reduced sick leave for patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain. The aim of this study was to explore the health outcomes of patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain treated by physiotherapists who had received active compared with passive support when implementing a behavioural medicine approach. Methods An explorative and comparative pre−/post-test trial was conducted. A total of 155 patients with musculoskeletal pain ≥4 weeks were consecutively recruited by physiotherapists in primary healthcare who had received active or passive support when implementing a behavioural medicine approach. Data concerning health outcomes for patients were collected using questionnaires before and after the physiotherapy treatment and at half-, one- and two-year follow-ups. Descriptive, non-parametric and parametric bi- and multivariate statistics were used. Results There were no differences over time between the patients treated by physiotherapists who had received active compared to passive implementation support regarding pain-related disability, pain intensity, self-rated health, self-efficacy in performing daily activities, catastrophic thinking related to pain, and fear of movement. Significant improvements over time were identified in both groups regarding all variables and the effect sizes were large. The percentage of patients on sick leave significantly decreased in the patient group treated by physiotherapists who had received active implementation support. Conclusion It is very important to include patient outcomes when evaluating the implementation of multicomponent interventions. It seems that the implementation method did not play a major role for the patients’ outcomes in this study. Most of the patients’ health outcomes improved regardless of whether they were treated by physiotherapists who had received active or passive support when implementing a behavioural medicine approach. This was likely because the active implementation support was not extensive enough to enable the physiotherapists to sustain the behavioural medicine approach. Trial registration The study protocol was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. ID NCT03118453, March 20, 2017.

The TAPS Project. 36: The Most Difficult to Place Long-Stay Psychiatric In-patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Trieman ◽  
Julian Leff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Difficult Patients ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Social State ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThe clinical and social outcomes were evaluated of “difficult to place” (DTP) patients discharged from hospital to alternative facilities.MethodIn the course of a reprovision programme for a psychiatric hospital, 72 long-stay patients were considered to be too problematic to live within the usual range of community placements. Their clinical and social state was assessed shortly before the hospital closed. Severe, persistent behavioural problems were recorded for each subject at baseline. One year after being relocated, patients were reassessed.ResultsClinical and social measures were stable over time. The profile of severe behavioural problems changed over time, with one-third of the total problems subsiding and a similar number of new problems emerging. There was a significant reduction in physical aggression. One of the settings provided an environment as free of restrictions as the usual community homes.ConclusionsThe most difficult patients to reprovide for can be contained in a relatively non-restrictive care environment. There is some indication that aggressive behaviour can improve, raising the possibility that some DTP patients can move on to the usual community homes.

Classes and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-296
Author(s):  
Zekeriya Eray Eser
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Over Time

Classes forming the social division of labor have changed with the capitalist mode of production. The inheritance from the feudal system is not suitable for the capitalist system. For this reason, the class structure which is suitable for capitalism over time has taken place in many societies. This transformation has become more difficult, especially in the late capitalist countries. This chapter examines class structures of some late-capitalist countries outside Europe and North America. Latin America, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey have historically been studied before and after periods of capitalism. While some countries have successfully completed and managed to develop their class transformations under difficult conditions, some countries have failed. Along with an unsuccessful transformation, new classes have emerged which have preventive effects on the development target. It is difficult for the countries that cannot make their class structure compatible with the capitalist system and the development target.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Steinberg ◽  
Briony R. Nicholls ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽  
N. LeBoutillier ◽  
Nerina Ramlakhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

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