Prevalence of common phobias and their socio-demographic correlates in children and adolescents in a traditional developing society

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 268-268
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demographic Correlates

BackgroundEpidemiological data indicate that anxiety disorders are the most common childhood disorders and phobias are the most common form of anxiety disorders.AimTo identify the most common phobias in children and adolescents and to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and socio-demographic correlates of phobias.DesignA cross sectional studySettingPublic and Private schools of the Ministry of Education, State of QatarSubjectsA total of 2188 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were approached and 1703 (77.8%) students participated in this study.MethodsThe questionnaire included socio-demographic information, extra curricular activities and hobbies, behaviour at home and various phobic fears. Psychiatrists determined the definitive diagnosis for various phobias by checking and screening their symptoms.ResultsOf the studied subjects, 44% were males and 56% were females. The overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents was 19.7%. Among children with phobia, females had higher rates of phobias (62.4% vs 37.6%) than males. Social phobia (12.7%) was the commonest phobia found followed by Agoraphobia (8.6%). Secondary school children were highly afflicted with social phobia (14.9%), agoraphobia (11.7%) and specific phobia (9.6%), while preparatory students (8.3%) were more likely to have’medical’ phobia (fear of physical illness, medical tests and procedures). A significant difference was observed between the age groups in children with agoraphobia (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of phobia in children and adolescents in Qatar was higher, with the most common phobias observed being social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia.

scholarly journals Profile of Intestinal Microbiota and Anxiety Level in Overweight Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A25-A25
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Costa Bandeira Farias ◽  
Bruno Carvalho ◽  
Adauto Neto
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Justification: Obesity is considered a worldwide epidemic, with a significant increase in its prevalence in the last 30 years in both children and adolescents. Anxiety disorders can be considered both a cause and a consequence of obesity. The intestinal microbiota has been identified as a participant in the inflammatory process of both obesity and depression / anxiety disorders. Objective: Describe and compare the intestinal microbiota profile of overweight/obese children/teenagers with and without signs of anxiety. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with an analytical character (comparison of groups), carried out during the months of January to October of the year 2019. 30 overweight/obesity children/teenagers (BMI greater than P85 – WHO 2007), between seven and 17 years old, convenience sampling. None of the participants had taken antibiotics during the past eight weeks of participation on the study or had chronic or endocrine disease that was not being adequately treated. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group consists of children/adolescents with excess weight without signs of anxiety (n 16) and the second group consists of children/adolescents with excess weight with signs of anxiety (n 14), assessed by a Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) screening questionnaire. Results: The group with signs of anxiety showing higher HOMA IR compared to the group without signs of anxiety with values ​​of 5.05 ± 2.08 and 3.47 ± 1.6 (p = 0.041), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota profile using the CHAO method (p = 0.025) and the Jackknife method (p = 0.01) between the groups with signs of anxiety and without signs of anxiety. Conclusion: difference was found between the intestinal microbiota diversity of obese children / adolescents with signs of anxiety in relation to the intestinal microbiota diversity of obese children / adolescents without signs of anxiety. This finding suggests a possible involvement of the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with anxiety disorders and depression in children/adolescents with weight excess.

The Incidence of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Edmonton, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 932-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar A. Suchak ◽  
Geoff Bostick ◽  
David Reid ◽  
Sandra Blitz ◽  
Nadr Jomha
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
North American Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tendon Ruptures

Background: The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures specific to the North American population has not been previously reported and current epidemiological data are primarily reported from European communities. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and to compare this data to those reported in European studies. Methods: A retrospective chart review from all five acute care hospitals in Edmonton from 1998 to 2002 (inclusive) were reviewed for Achilles tendon ruptures. Data such as gender, age, side, mechanism of injury, and season of injury were obtained. Results: The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures ranged from an annual average of 5.5 ruptures to 9.9 ruptures per 100,000 inhabitants with an overall mean of 8.3 ruptures per 100,000 people. There was a statistically significant difference in Achilles tendon ruptures over the last two study years for both genders (women, p < 0.02; men, p < 0.03). The mean age for an Achilles tendon rupture was 40.6 years for men and 44.5 years for women. The Achilles tendon ruptures occurred most frequently in the 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 year old age groups in both men and women, respectively ( p < 0.02). Most ruptures occurred in the spring season, but there was no statistical difference in the incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures by season ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in this community was comparable to those reported in European communities (range 6 to 37 ruptures per 100,000 people), although a bimodal age distribution of rupture previously reported was not observed in this study.

Prevalence and determinants of common fears in children and their socio-demographic characteristic

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S128-S128
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Competing Interest

ObjectiveMost children experience some degree of fear during their development. Excessive fears can create serious obstacles to children. The aim of this study was to identify the most common fears in a sample of children and adolescents and examine the socio-demographic correlates of fears.Subjects and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted during the period July 2010 to February 2012 at Public and Private Schools of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, in Qatar. Out of 2188 students approached, 1703 students agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 77.8%. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic information, academic performance, behaviour at home and various fears.ResultsMore than half of the children experienced fears (56.7%). Most of them were in the intermediate level, 12–15 years old (46.1%). Overall, reported fears were significantly more frequent in girls (62.6%) than boys (37.4%) (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between girls and boys who experienced fears in their age group (P < 0.001), education of mother (P = 0.04), household income (P = 0.008) and academic performance (P < 0.001). The most frequent reported fears were fear of someone dying in the family (85.2%), parents getting divorced (84.5%), breaking religious law (82%), being kidnapped (78.2%), family members ill (78%) and dying (76.7%).ConclusionsThe study findings revealed that fears were highly prevalent in Arab children and adolescents in Qatar. Girls reported more fears than boys. There was a significant difference observed between girls and boys in their age group and academic performance for the reported fears.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

scholarly journals Blood pressure and resting heart rate in 3-17-year-olds in Germany in 2003–2006 and 2014–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Sarganas ◽  
Anja Schienkiewitz ◽  
Jonas D. Finger ◽  
Hannelore K. Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Selection Rule ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Examination ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Analysis Measurement

AbstractTo track blood pressure (BP) and resting heart rate (RHR) in children and adolescents is important due to its associations with cardiovascular outcomes in the adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine BP and RHR over a decade among children and adolescents living in Germany using national examination data. Cross-sectional data from 3- to 17-year-old national survey participants (KiGGS 2003–06, n = 14,701; KiGGS 2014–17, n = 3509) including standardized oscillometric BP and RHR were used for age- and sex-standardized analysis. Measurement protocols were identical with the exception of the cuff selection rule, which was accounted for in the analyses. Different BP and RHR trends were observed according to age-groups. In 3- to 6-year-olds adjusted mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in 2014–2017 compared to 2003–2006 (+2.4 and +1.9 mm Hg, respectively), while RHR was statistically significantly lower by −3.8 bpm. No significant changes in BP or in RHR were observed in 7- to 10-year-olds over time. In 11- to 13-year-olds as well as in 14- to 17-year-olds lower BP has been observed (SBP −2.4 and −3.2 mm Hg, respectively, and DBP −1.8 and −1.7 mm Hg), while RHR was significantly higher (+2.7 and +3.7 bpm). BP trends did not parallel RHR trends. The downward BP trend in adolescents seemed to follow decreasing adult BP trends in middle and high-income countries. The increase in BP in younger children needs confirmation from other studies as well as further investigation. In school-aged children and adolescents, the increased RHR trend may indicate decreased physical fitness.

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and non-opportunistic character of Blastocystis spp.: a hospital-based survey in Central Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Jupsa-Mbiandou ◽  
Samuel Fosso ◽  
Edimo Billé ◽  
Tito T Mélachio-Tanekou ◽  
Gideon Ajeagah-Aghaindum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Blastocystis spp. is a protist found in humans. Although usually the most frequent protozoa found in stool samples of both symptomatic and healthy subjects, its pathogenic or rather opportunistic role is yet to be clearly elucidated. To attempt to fill this gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the frequency of Blastocystis spp. in HIV positive (HIV+) versus HIV negative (HIV-) individuals in four health facilities of the Center Region of Cameroon. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from 283 HIV positive and 245 HIV negative subjects and analyzed using direct diagnostic tests. Results: A total of 46 (8.7%) individuals were found infected with Blastocystis spp., including 6.7% HIV positive and 11.0% HIV negative. This species was more frequent in urban and semi-urban areas than in rural areas, but evenly distributed among genders and age groups as well as among all sectors of activity. The prevalence of Blastocystis spp. (11.3%) was higher in HIV+ patients with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells / mm3, but no significant difference was found among HIV clinical stages. Likewise prevalence, the mean number of cysts per gram of stool was similar between HIV positive and HIV negative individuals. People infected with Blastocystis spp. showed diverse clinical signs, but only flatulence was significantly more prevalent. The frequencies of these clinical signs were not related to HIV status. Conclusion: No clear relationship links the infection with Blastocystis spp. to HIV, although its presence was associated with digestive disorder, suggesting that this parasite might not be opportunist.

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban People

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Almajiri Children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
S. M. Gamde ◽  
◽  
P. J. Tongvwam ◽  
K. Hauwa ◽  
A. M. Ganau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western

Urinary schistosomiasis is a severe threat to global health with uncountable morbidities in Africa including Nigeria where control interventions focused on children in public and private schools neglecting Almajiri children. This undermined control interventions as those infected contaminate the environments with infective stages of the parasite. The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, socio-demographic data was collected in April 2020 on 206 consented Almajiri children in Silame and their urine samples were examined using the sedimentation method. The study showed a prevalence of 35.4% among the Almajiri children in Silame, Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria. The highest prevalence was found among children within the age range 16-20 years (63.6%) while the lowest prevalence was among those in the age range 6-10 years (24.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis between the age groups (χ 2 = 11.637a , df =3, p=0.002). Urinary schistosomiasis was prevalent among Almajiri children in the study area and parasite infection was associated with the participant's socio-demographic factors such as age, level of education, and water contact activities. Hence, the National Schistosomiasis Control Programs should incorporate the Almajiri children in the control interventions Keywords: Schistosoma hematobium infection; Makarantarallo;Almajiri;Silame

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