scholarly journals Gendered migration responses to drought in Malawi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Luis G. Becerra-Valbuena ◽  
Katrin Millock
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Gendered Migration ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract Migration is a common means of adaptation to weather shocks. Previous research has identified heterogeneous effects according to age, sex, and wealth, but little is still known about how marriage-related institutions affect such migration. Relying on a quasi-experimental identification strategy, we analyze marriage- and work-related migration in Malawi following large droughts, separating the effects for female and male migrants according to different age groups. The analysis based on stated motives of migration reveals marginal decreases in marriage-related migration among girls, but increases in marriage-related migration within districts for women in older age groups. We also find large increases in work-related between-district migration for boys, and to a smaller extent also for girls following severe drought. The results add to the evidence of the potentially adverse effects of migration as a coping mechanism following drought when other means of insurance do not exist.

scholarly journals Effect of Coping Strategies Education on Knowledge and Behaviors of Women Experienced Workplace Bullying

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Shimaa M. H. Ali ◽  
Eman M. M. Elsherbeny ◽  
Mervat A. Ahmed ◽  
Hussein M. M. F. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Behaviors

Context: Workplace bullying is defined as the perceived situation in which an employee is systematically and repeatedly the target of work-related or personal harmful acts. Workplace bullying is an occupational stressor shown to have particular detrimental health outcomes for those targeted. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of coping strategies education on knowledge and behaviors of women experienced workplace bullying. Methods: A quasi-experimental (pre/posttest) design was used to achieve this study's aim. The study was conducted at Beni-Suef University affiliated to the Ministry of Higher Education. The study conducted on a convenient sample of 500 women working at Beni-Suef University. They included 360 employee women from different age groups, educational backgrounds, and job positions. The sample also includes 100 nurses and 40 workers. The study used two tools. The researcher designed a structured interview questionnaire to assess the women's socio-demographic profile and their knowledge regarding workplace bullying. The second tool was a coping behavior checklist for workplace bullying designed by the researcher to assess the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying. Results: shows that 36.0% of the studied women were in the age group ≥30 with a mean age of 34.38±4.33. Half of the studied women suffering from all mentioned health effects, followed by absenteeism 15%, then depression 12%, and 7% suffering decreased self-esteem, the least health problems 6% was for a physical problem (cardiovascular, diabetes mellites, and neuromuscular problems). The study reveals a statistically significant improvement of women's knowledge regarding workplace bullying at post compared to pre educational intervention and at follow up phase compared to the post-intervention phase at p <0.001. The results also show a highly statistically significant improvement in the women's behaviors toward workplace bullying between pre and post-intervention phases and between post and follow up phases of intervention at p <0.001. Conclusion: The research hypotheses were supported. The women exposed to the coping strategies education had improved knowledge and behaviors compared to their pre-education level. Effective organizational interventions are recommended to help prevent and address bullying incidents, and robust legislative mechanisms are also recommended to allow for restitution and compensation, particularly for women.

Efficacy of one-dose intramuscular rabies vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis in travellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J Mills ◽  
Colleen L Lau ◽  
Christine Mills ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Alternative Schedule ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Current guidelines for rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recommend multiple vaccine doses. Travellers sometimes present for pre-travel consultation with insufficient time to complete standard PrEP schedules. We investigated the efficacy of one-dose intramuscular (IM) vaccine in priming the immune system (as PrEP) by measuring antibody response to simulated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Methods A quasi-experimental pre–post intervention clinical trial was conducted at a specialist travel clinic in Australia. Adults (≥18 years) without a history of rabies vaccination were included. At Visit 1, seronegative status was confirmed and one dose of 0.5 ml IM rabies vaccine (Verorab®) administered. At Visit 2 (≥60 days after Visit 1), serology was repeated and a simulated PEP dose (0.5 ml IM) given on this day and again 3 days later (Visit 3). Serology was repeated at Visit 4 (7 days after Visit 2). Results A total of 94 antibody-negative participants were included (&lt;50 years [n = 50]; ≥50 years [n = 44]). At Visit 2, 38.0 and 31.8% of participants aged &lt;50 and ≥50 years were antibody-positive (≥0.5 EU/ml). At Visit 4, all participants were antibody-positive; 82.0 and 47.7% of participants aged &lt;50 and ≥50 years had antibody levels &gt;4 EU/ml, respectively. Conclusions One-dose IM vaccine was effective as PrEP for priming the immune system in both age groups, resulting in rapid development of antibodies 7 days after commencing simulated PEP. If there is insufficient time to complete a standard PrEP schedule, one-dose IM could be considered as an alternative schedule for short trips, rather than not offering travellers any doses at all. Clinical trials registration: ACTRN12619000946112.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

The effects of social housing regeneration schemes on employment: The case of the Glasgow Stock Transfer

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110470
Author(s):  
Meng Le Zhang ◽  
George Galster ◽  
David Manley ◽  
Gwilym Pryce
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Housing Association ◽  
City Council ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Employment Multiplier ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Regeneration is an internationally popular policy for improving distressed neighbourhoods dominated by large social housing developments. Stimulating employment is often touted as a secondary benefit, but this claim has rarely been evaluated convincingly. In 2003, Glasgow City Council transferred ownership of its entire social housing stock to the Glasgow Housing Association and over £4 billion was invested in physical repairs, social services and other regeneration activities. Using a linked census database of individuals (Scottish Longitudinal Study), we evaluate the causal effect of the Stock Transfer on employment in Glasgow through a quasi-experimental design that exploits idiosyncrasies and changes in Glasgow’s administrative boundaries. We find that the Stock Transfer had a positive effect on employment for Glasgow residents who were not living in transferred social housing stock. We establish that this effect was mainly accomplished through the local employment multiplier effect of capital spending rather than through any other programmatic elements of the Stock Transfer. Exploratory analysis shows heterogeneous effects: individuals who were over 21, female, living with dependent children and with less education were less likely to benefit from the intervention. We did not find significant subgroup effects by neighbourhood deprivation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bedbath in critically ill patients: impact of water temperature on the pulse oximetry variation

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aretha Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Dalmo Valério Machado de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Water Temperature Data

This is a participant study, quasi-experimental, of a before and after type. A quantitative approach of biophysiological measures was used, represented by the saturation of oxygen measured by pulse oximeter (SpO2), and recorded on three occasions: before, during and after the bedbath in critically ill patients hospitalized at the ICU of a University Hospital in Brazil. Objective: to compare the SpO2 in various stages of the bath, with and without control of water temperature. Data collection was performed between December 2007 and April 2008 on a convenience sample consisting of 30 patients aged over 18 who had classification in TISS-28 from level II. Results show that water temperature control means a lower variation of SpO2 (p<0.05). No marked differences in variation of saturation between men and women or between age groups were established. In conclusion, heated and constant water temperature during the bedbath is able to minimize the fall of SpO2 that occurs while handling patients during procedures.

Comment on “Three Aspects of Cognitive Development”

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Asher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

In Exp. 2 of Siegler's 1976 study a faulty quasi-experimental design was used. The stated results, that older and younger children with apparently equal initial performance derived different benefits from identical experience, can also be explained by a confounding with regression toward the mean. These effects are a result of a selective matching of subjects from two age groups on a fallible variable correlated with age.

scholarly journals Board Game as an Educational Game Media to an Effort to Change the Attitude of Dengue Prevention in School-Aged Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vivi Leona Amelia ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Sukihananto Sukihananto
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Board Game ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
New Information ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Background: Indonesia is the second highest country for dengue prevalence, and the cases has rapidly increased in the last 45 years. Compared to other age groups, the age group of children is the highest dengue fever prevalence. The attitude of dengue prevention is important for child which related to their skill to preventing the dengue fever by themselves. A game is one of the way to teach the children for a new information, it is also including the dengue prevention material Objective: This study want to identify the attitude of the children about dengue prevention and develop an educational game to teach a new information about dengue prevention. Methods: This study uses quasi-experimental design with pre and posttest with control group. The participants are a school-aged children with age 10-12 years old. With total 92 participants, and 46 for each group. Results: The results show a significantly increasing score at children attitude of dengue prevention before and after intervention except the strategy to closing the water storage (p=0.008), the other strategy that gets a significantly increasing such as fever and fever management (p=0.000), draining the water storage (p=0.001), checking the water storage (p=0.000), recycling (p=0.000), chemistry agent (p=0.000), biology agent (p=0.000), self protection (p=0.001), immune system (0.000). There are different attitude between control and intervention groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: The conclusion is the dengue board game can be an educational game media to give dengue prevention information to children, also can improving the attitude of dengue prevention.   Keywords: Board Game, Dengue Prevention Strategy, School-Aged Children

scholarly journals Choice Shifts in School Disciplinary Decision Making: Analysis of Age Differences of Panel Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Peter J.O. Aloka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Choice Shift ◽  
Consistency Method

Background: Decision making is critical to each organization and it requires the ability to find a possible balance between risky and cautious decisions. The Kenyan secondary schools are mandated by the Ministry of Education to manage students’ misbehaviors by the disciplinary panels. Aim: The present study investigated the choice shifts in disciplinary decision making in Kenyan secondary schools based on age groups of the panel members. Methods: The Quasi-Experimental Pretest-Posttest Design was adopted. The study targeted 360 teachers- members of disciplinary panels in 45 secondary schools in the Rongo sub-county of Kenya. A sample size of 78 members of disciplinary panels in 10 secondary schools was involved. This was 22% of the target population of members of disciplinary panels in the Rongo district. The choice shift in decisions was ascertained using the Modified Choice Dilemma Questionnaire. The validity of the tools was ensured by the expert judgment by two Kenyan psychologists, while the reliability was determined using the internal consistency method and an alpha of 0.695 was reported. Results: The results of the Multivariate Analysis Of Variance indicated that there were differences in choice shifts from the pre to post-disciplinary hearing decisions among the members of selected school disciplinary panels on the basis of their age groups (Wilk’s Lambda (λ) test: F (12, 188) = 7.40, P = 0.000, P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the age of the members of disciplinary panels influenced the nature of choice shifts in decisions. It was recommended that principals should ensure that the membership of school disciplinary panels is broad-based.

scholarly journals WORK RELATED VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT RELATIVE TO GENDER AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article discusses issues related to organizational commitment and work related values. The research problem focuses on the correlation between values related to professional work and the affective, normative and calculative commitment of employees. A research question was posed as to what work related values are correlated with organisational commitment. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a group of 2076 people with the use of a diagnostic survey. The obtained data were analysed relative to the gender and age of the respondents. The results indicate certain discrepancies in terms of the value hierarchies observable between employees of different ages. Both men and women selected work-life balance and security as their most important values. The level of commitment was comparable between representatives of the two genders, with the levels observed for normative commitment. Organisational commitment increased with age and was statistically different for the respective age groups. The study confirmed the correlation between the hierarchy of work related values and the level of commitment, as well as the discrepancies in this respect between the respective age and gender groups. The same suggests that there is a need to account for values held by the employees when developing and employing motivational systems and HR practices.

Finnish Firefighters’ Barriers to Volunteering

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Malinen ◽  
Teija Mankkinen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender And Age

Although the need for emergency service volunteers is increasing internationally, it is challenging to attract and retain firefighters, who are highly trained and from whom sustained and potentially heavy time investment is required. To recruit and retain fire service volunteers, it is important to understand the barriers these volunteers face, and how these barriers relate to their attitudes and behavioral intentions. We surveyed 762 volunteer firefighters throughout Finland on these issues. Lack of time, conflict with work/school, and other work-related challenges were the most frequently reported barriers, and they were also rated as some of the most severe barriers. The number and severity of barriers were positively related to the volunteers’ absence and turnover intentions, and conflicts with family commitments. A higher number of reported barriers was also negatively related to volunteer satisfaction. No differences in barriers were found between rural and urban areas, or between gender and age groups. We discuss the findings in regard to relevant literature from other countries and conclude with practical implications.

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