scholarly journals A Fragile Network: Effecting Hail Insurance in Britain, 1840–1900

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
SAMUEL RANDALLS ◽  
JAMES KNEALE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Products ◽  
Central Office ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Insurance Product ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Insurance Business

Hail insurance in Britain emerged as a product by and for farming communities, expanding as wheat production rose in the mid-nineteenth century before declining in the latter decades of the century amidst wide-scale conversion from arable to livestock farming. Drawing on detailed research conducted in the remaining archives of the three major hail insurers in this period, we demonstrate the challenges of establishing a new insurance product for farmers. We argue that to make hail insurance effective, the insurance company’s central office collated and circulated information, rules, and paperwork to enable it to govern farmers, agents, and valuers at a distance. Such networks were fragile and required continual maintenance, whether to enhance reputation, manage farmers’ requests for new products, enforce rules, or tinker with rates in response to perceived risks and competitive pressures. Conceptualizing this emerging insurance business as a fragile network is a useful device demonstrating that paperwork, the governing of actors, and personal rivalries are as important as broader economic changes in explaining the development of a novel insurance product in this period.

scholarly journals Novos produtos imobiliários e reestruturação urbana

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (57) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Barata Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
New Products ◽  
Urban Restructuring ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Wide Scale

REAL ESTATE NEW PRODUCTS AND URBAN RESTRUCTURING - In the first part of the paper we present the new products of Lisbon urban landscape (luxury housing and office buildings). We point out that the new buildings break the traditional form of the city production in several ways, from their scale to the use and the location pattern they present. Besides, they also contribute to the creation of new centralities in the urban space.In the second part we try to understand the new trends identified. After reviewing the main theoretical approaches to the process of urban transformation, we look at the economic changes more relevant to explain the recent development of a busy market for office space and high standing housing that woks in a world-wide scale. They seem to be the tertiarization trend and the new role of estate investment in capital valuation combined with increased facilities in the circulation of the capital. We finish with the question of the position of the cities under this internationalization of the real estate markets.

Intergenerational Collaboration and Conflict: Women’s Periodicals at the Fin de Siècle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Easley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
New Woman ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Age ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Women's Periodicals

This chapter examines conflicts between different generations of women in the late decades of the nineteenth century as played out in the popular press, including the burgeoning market for women’s magazines. It shows how print culture, including in new feminist magazines, constructed and then exploited divisions between the ‘old lady’, ‘new woman’ and ‘new girl’, often for the purposes of advertising new products. It shows how at this time the modern woman was represented in the periodical press as a consumer and advertising commodity, as a sensationalist figure of controversy, as well as a symbol of the new age.

The Gender of Subscribers to Eighteenth-Century Music Publications

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 94-152
Author(s):  
Simon D. I. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Interests ◽  
Insight Into

One of the most important and valuable resources available to researchers of eighteenth-century social history are the lists of subscribers that were attached to a wide variety of publications. Yet, the study of this type of resource remains one of the areas most neglected by academics. These lists shed considerable light on the nature of those who subscribed to music, including their social status, place of employment, residence, and musical interests. They naturally also provide details as to the gender of individual subscribers.As expected, subscribers to most musical publications were male, but the situation changed considerably as the century progressed, with more females subscribing to the latest works by the early nineteenth century. There was also a marked difference in the proportion of male and female subscribers between works issued in the capital cities of London and Edinburgh and those written for different genres. Female subscribers also appear on lists to works that they would not ordinarily be permitted to play. Ultimately, a broad analysis of a large number of subscription lists not only provides a greater insight into the social and economic changes that took place in Britain over the course of the eighteenth century, but also reveals the types of music that were favoured by the members of each gender.

The Dilemmas of Male Consumption in Nineteenth-Century Argentina: Fashion, Consumerism, and Darwinism in Domingo Sarmiento and Juan B. Alberdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-795
Author(s):  
ADRIANA NOVOA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Darwinian Revolution ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article explores how the relationship between luxury, consumption and gender in Argentina changed in response to the introduction of Darwinian ideas. Ideas surrounding consumerism were transformed by the 1870s, influenced by a scientific revolution that gave new meaning to gender categories. The introduction of Darwinism at a time of extreme ideological confusion about how to organise the nation only enhanced the perceived dangers about how economic changes and the expansion of markets would affect elites' ability to govern. The article focuses specifically on changing perceptions of gender and consumerism between 1830 and 1880, paying particular attention to the work of two of the most important intellectuals of the Generación del '37, Juan B. Alberdi and Domingo F. Sarmiento. By closely examining their reflections on the expansion of markets and accumulation of luxury goods, it reveals the nature of the cultural changes introduced by the Darwinian revolution.

scholarly journals Managing anthelmintic resistance in small ruminant livestock of resource-poor farmers in South Africa : review article

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Vatta ◽  
A.L.E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Nutrient Supplementation ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Important Disease

Gastrointestinal parasitism is one of the most important disease complexes of sheep and goats impacting on the resource-poor livestock farmer. Of the responsible nematodes, Haemonchus contortus, a blood-sucking worm of the abomasum, poses possibly the greatest threat. Over the past several decades, the worm has been controlled through the use of anthelmintics, but the emergence of anthelmintic resistance has threatened this chemotherapeutic approach. In Africa, the overall prevalence of anthelmintic resistance has not been extensively investigated, particularly within the resource-poor farming sector, but resistance has been reported from at least 14 countries with most of the reports emanating from Kenya and South Africa and the majority concerning H. contortus. While levels of resistance under commercial sheep farming systems in South Africa is considered to be amongst the worst in the world, resistance has also been reported from the resource-poor farming sector. Increases in productivity and reproduction of livestock and the development of markets for sale of animals are seen by international funding bodies as a way out of poverty for communities that keep livestock. This must lead to the greater need for parasite control. At such times, the risk of levels of anthelmintic resistance escalating is much greater and there is therefore a need to look at alternatives to their use. Proposed strategies include the appropriate, but judicious use of anthelmintics by application of the FAMACHA(c) system and the use of alternatives to anthelmintics such as strategic nutrient supplementation. It is also very clear that there is a strong demand for knowledge about animal diseases, including helminthosis, and their effective management in the resource-poor livestock farming communities. This is an important challenge to meet.

Geographies of Intimacy in Mary Wilkins Freeman's Short Fiction

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-463
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ansley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Subsistence Labor

Situated within late nineteenth-century economic changes that transformed rural and urban spaces, Mary Wilkins Freeman's regionalist fiction imagines rural female-centered communities that I define as queer. Unlike emergent urban-centered gay and lesbian social formations, these communities are alienated from both normative reproduction and capitalist accumulation and are sustained by subsistence labor.

Is Blood Thicker than Water? Farm Servants and the Family in Nineteenth-Century North Devon

2013 ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Caroline Verney ◽  
Janet Few
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Community Cohesion ◽  
Core Theme ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Way

This paper describes a small part of wider research into family and community in the nineteenth century undertaken by the late Caroline Verney. Her study of the north Devon parishes of Bittadon, Braunton, Georgeham, Marwood, Mortehoe and West Down centred on the way in which Victorian farming communities functioned, with investigations into kinship stemming from that core theme. At the same time, Janet Few was researching the role of kinship and its impact on community cohesion in three other areas of north Devon: Bulkworthy, Bucks Mills and Hatherleigh. Few's work on the farming parish of Bulkworthy is particularly relevant and has been used to complement Verney's findings for Mortehoe, which form the focus of this article. Together they have been used to investigate the employment of farm servants and the basis upon which they might have been chosen.

scholarly journals The Role of Customer Innovativeness in the New Products Adoption Intentions：An Empirical Study on Mobile Phone Customers of the Egyptian Universities Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Hind S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
New Products ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Customer Involvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aims to investigate the relationship between customers’ innovativeness and their intentions to adopt new mobile phones from the standpoint of Egyptian university students. The research studies the direct effects of the five dimensions of customers’ innovativeness on their intentions of new products adoption, which are measured through the mediating effect of two factors: the risks to mobile phones perceived by the customers and customer involvement. The research also aims to identify the so-called “initiators” segment; customers who have the highest probability for purchase the product early. A quantitative method with deductive approach is chosen in this research. Four hypotheses have been designed to determine: whether there is a significant difference in customers’ perception of risks to new mobile phones, innovativeness, involvement, and adoption intentions according to demographic variables (gender, place of residence, income); whether there is a significant positive effect of customers’ innovativeness on customers involvements with new mobile phones; whether there is a significant negative effect of customers’ innovativeness on the perceived risks to new mobile phones; and whether there is a significant positive effect of customers’ innovativeness on their intentions to adopt new mobile phones. A significant impact of the five dimensions of customers’ innovativeness is found on the adoption intentions of new mobile phones. Also a significant effect of the five dimensions of customers’ innovativeness is found on the perceived risks and customer involvement factors. The research develops a new model of the relationship between the customers’ innovativeness and their intentions to adopt new products. In practice, the research results contribute to help marketing managers for better market fragmentation and identify customer segments with high innovativeness; which helps organizations prepare appropriate marketing campaigns and thus leads to the success of new products deployment.

The Constitution of Cádiz and the Independence of Yucatán

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Joseph Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Independence Movements

ONE of the principal reasons for the promulgation of the Constitution of Cádiz was the desire of Spanish liberals to answer the complaints of dissenters in overseas colonies and thereby suppress the budding independence movements. This policy met with more success in Yucatán than in most other Spanish colonies. The Yucatecans took advantage of the constitutional reforms to implement a number of economic changes. As long as these changes were in operation, Yucatán was safe from the fervor of the independence movement. To be sure, Yucatán was not completely immune to the appeal of revolutionary propaganda. There was a hard core minority which agitated to disrupt the constitutional system in order to win independence, but this group never gained much popular support. Events outside Yucatán, coupled with the potential threat of crown interference in the economic structure which the Yucatecans were striving to build, led a group of moderates in the Provincial Deputation, an administrative body provided for by the constitution, to declare Yucatán's independence from Spain. Moreover, the motivation for this declaration foreshadowed the factional strife which beset Mexico throughout the nineteenth century.

Jurisprudence, historical

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Will

Historical jurisprudence is the title usually given to a group of theories, which flourished mainly in the nineteenth century, that explain law as the product of predetermined patterns of change based on social and economic change. It is thus opposed both to theories that see law as essentially an expression of the will of those holding political power (positivist theories) and to those that see it as an expression of principles that are part of man’s nature and so applicable in any kind of society (natural law theories). The writers of the Scottish Enlightenment first connected the historical development of law with economic changes. In the nineteenth century, Savigny and Maine postulated grand evolutionary schemes, which purported to be applicable universally. They were, however, based on the development of ancient Roman law and could only with difficulty be applied to other systems. These schemes are now discredited, but in the twentieth century more modest studies have successfully related particular kinds of law to particular sets of social circumstances.

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