scholarly journals Low doses of eriocitrin attenuate metabolic impairment of glucose and lipids in ongoing obesogenic diet in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ferreira ◽  
J. A. Manthey ◽  
M. S. Nery ◽  
L. C. Spolidorio ◽  
T. B. Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Liver Triacylglycerols

Abstract Eriocitrin is a citrus flavonoid with a high capacity to reduce the oxidative stress related to metabolic disorders and obesity. We assessed the effects of low doses of eriocitrin on the oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism of glucose and lipids of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into five groups (n 10). The mice were fed an HFD (45 % kcal from fat, i.e. lard) for 4 weeks for obesity induction. After this period, the mice continued receiving the same HFD, but supplemented with eriocitrin at 10, 25 or 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) for an additional 4 weeks. Control groups were fed with standard diet (10 % kcal of fat, i.e. soy oil) or with HFD without eriocitrin, for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the study, mice supplemented with eriocitrin showed lower levels of blood serum glucose and blood and liver triacylglycerols (P < 0⋅05). There was also improved levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, total-cholesterol, resistin and lipid peroxidation in the supplemented mice. It was concluded that the 25 mg dose of eriocitrin improved all the parameters studied and had positive effects on oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and metabolism of lipids and glucose in general.

scholarly journals Effects of sesame oil on learning and memory impairment and biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats with a long-term high-fat diet consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Rustaei ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian ◽  
Iraj Salehi ◽  
Abdolrahman Sarihi ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Nowadays, high-fat foods are eaten in most societies, which causes memory impairment and anxiety through the oxidative stress pathway. Sesame oil (SO) has potential antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effects of sesame oil on memory impairment and anxiety caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats were investigated. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10): control (standard diet; SD), the HFD, SD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage), and HFD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage) groups. All diets were given to the animals for three months. Finally, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The step-through latency of retention test in SD + SO (0.5 or 1 ml/kg) groups increased more than the control group. Also, the Barnes test on training days revealed that the latency time to find the target hole increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. Moreover, the time spent on the open arms in the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group improved remarkably than the control group. Total oxidant (TOS) level in the HFD + SO (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) groups was lower than the HFD group. The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the SD + SO (2 ml/kg) group was higher than the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group and the amount of thiol in the HFD group decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the positive effects of SO on memory and anxiety are probably due to its antioxidant properties and the elimination of free radicals.

scholarly journals A cafeteria diet triggers intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gil-Cardoso ◽  
I. Ginés ◽  
M. Pinent ◽  
A. Ardévol ◽  
X. Terra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Genetic Obesity ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe gastrointestinal alterations associated with the consumption of an obesogenic diet, such as inflammation, permeability impairment and oxidative stress, have been poorly explored in both diet-induced obesity (DIO) and genetic obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of an obesogenic diet on the gut health status of DIO rats in comparison with the Zucker (fa/fa) rat leptin receptor-deficient model of genetic obesity over time. For this purpose, female Wistar rats (n 48) were administered a standard or a cafeteria diet (CAF diet) for 12, 14·5 or 17 weeks and were compared with fa/fa Zucker rats fed a standard diet for 10 weeks. Morphometric variables, plasma biochemical parameters, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the ileum were assessed, as well as the expressions of proinflammatory genes (TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) and intestinal permeability genes (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and occludin). Both the nutritional model and the genetic obesity model showed increased body weight and metabolic alterations at the final time point. An increase in intestinal ROS production and MPO activity was observed in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats fed a CAF diet but not in the genetic obesity model. TNF-α was overexpressed in the ileum of both CAF diet and fa/fa groups, and ileal inflammation was associated with the degree of obesity and metabolic alterations. Interestingly, the 17-week CAF group and the fa/fa rats exhibited alterations in the expressions of permeability genes. Relevantly, in the hyperlipidic refined sugar diet model of obesity, the responses to chronic energy overload led to time-dependent increases in gut inflammation and oxidative stress.

Grape seed and skin extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced renal lipotoxicity and prevents copper depletion in rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Salem Elkahoui ◽  
Ines Karkouch ◽  
Ferid Limam ◽  
Ghaith Hamdaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Copper Depletion

Obesity is a public health problem that contributes to morbidity and mortality from diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancers. The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the link between obesity-induced oxidative stress, renal steatosis, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the protective effect of grape seed and skin extract. Rats were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and were either treated or not treated with grape seed and skin extract. Fat-induced oxidative stress was evaluated in the kidney with a special emphasis on transition metals. High-fat diet induced triglyceride deposition and disturbances in kidney function parameters, which are linked to an oxidative stress status and depletion of copper from the kidney. Grape seed and skin extract abrogated almost all fat-induced kidney disturbances. Grape seed and skin extract exerted potential protection against fat-induced kidney lipotoxicity and should find potential application in other kidney-related diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic exposure to high fat diet exacerbates arsenic-induced lung damages in male mice: Possible role for oxidative stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Hemmati ◽  
Soheila Alboghobeish ◽  
Akram Ahangarpour
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Nitrite Level

Arsenic is a common environmental and occupational contaminant worldwide which can influence the development of respiratory diseases. In recent years, alteration in the lifestyle as well as food habits have led to increased consumption of food containing high levels of fat. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) on arsenic-induced damages and oxidative stress in the lung tissue of mice. This is the first study to reveal the effect of diet-induced obesity on arsenic-induced lung damages. Seventy-two male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were divided into six groups and fed an HFD or standard diet (SD) while being exposed to 25 or 50 ppm of arsenic through drinking water for 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the lung weight to body weight ratio; oxidative stress markers, nitrite level, and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue; and lung histology were evaluated. The results demonstrated that arsenic exposure leads to a significant decrease in the glutathione level and catalase enzyme activity, and significantly increased reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and nitrite level, but it did not affect the superoxide dismutase activity and hydroxyproline content in the lung tissue. Consequently, all the parameters studied aggravated when HFD was consumed along with arsenic. These findings were confirmed by histological examination. Our study showed that HFD increased arsenic-induced lung damages through oxidative stress in mice. These findings could be important for clinical research to protect against arsenic-induced respiratory toxicity in humans.

scholarly journals Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation by Modulation of Transcription Factors in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Tuzcu ◽  
Cemal Orhan ◽  
Nurhan Sahin ◽  
Vijaya Juturu ◽  
Kazim Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

We evaluated the effects of cinnamon polyphenol extract on hepatic transcription factors expressions including SREBP-1c and LXR-α in rats fed high fat diet (HFD). Twenty-eight Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: (i) normal control: animals fed with normal chow; (ii) cinnamon: animals supplemented with cinnamon polyphenol; (iii) HFD: animals fed a high-fat diet; and (iv) HFD + cinnamon: animals fed a high-fat diet and treated with cinnamon polyphenol. Obesity was linked to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress as imitated by elevated serum glucose, lipid profile, and serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. Cinnamon polyphenol decreased body weight, visceral fat, liver weight and serum glucose and insulin concentrations, liver antioxidant enzymes, and lipid profile (P<0.05) and reduced serum and liver MDA concentration compared to HFD rats (P<0.05). Cinnamon polyphenol also suppressed the hepatic SREBP-1c, LXR-α, ACLY, FAS, and NF-κB p65 expressions and enhanced the PPAR-α, IRS-1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expressions in the HFD rat livers (P<0.05). In conclusion, cinnamon polyphenol reduces the hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress through activating transcription factors and antioxidative defense signaling pathway in HFD rat liver.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Vitamin E in Wistar Rats, on Hypercaloric Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Adriana Dinu ◽  
Bogdana Virgolici ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Elvira Gagniuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Stress Markers

Obesity is associated with renal lipomatosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Vitamin E is a liposoluble antioxidant vitamin and PLGA (polylactic-CO-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) represent a delivery carrier of this vitamin to the abdominal viscera. The aim of this study is to evaluate the renal and systemic effects of PLGA- NPs loaded with vitamin E in high fat diet Wistar rats. Young heathy Wistar male rats (3months old, n=20) were fed for 4 weeks either with standard diet or with high caloric/fat diet. These two experimental groups were divided in two subgroups and for the following 21 days, one group received PLGA-NPs loaded with vitamin E (1 mg/kg) body and the other didn�t. Metabolic serum parameters, oxidative stress markers ( malondialdehyde, MDA and total thiols) from kidney homogenates were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Hematoxylin-eosin stain histopathologic examination of kidneys was performed. The obesogenic diet increased the serum levels for triglycerides (p[0.001) and renal function markers: urea (p[0.02), creatinine (p[0.02) and cystatin (p[0.01). The treatment reduced the kidney inflammation, prevented tubulonephrosis damage and improved the renal oxidative stress markers (p[0.05) in the high fat diet group. In conclusion, PLGA-NPs loaded with vitamin E had renoprotective effect in high fat diet Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver, Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10606
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Trnovska ◽  
Petr Svoboda ◽  
Helena Pelantova ◽  
Marek Kuzma ◽  
Helena Kratochvilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.

scholarly journals Effects of atorvastatin and artichoke leaf tincture on oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milkica Crevar-Sakac ◽  
Zorica Vujic ◽  
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic ◽  
Jasmina Ivanisevic ◽  
Ivanovic Jelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Backgroung/Aim. Since combining conventional drugs with herbal medicinal products is in current research focus and possible of great interest as therapy improvement way, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of wellestablished antiatherosclerotic drug atorvastatin (CAS number 134523-00-5) and commercially available artichoke leaf tincture (ALTINC), used as combined therapy, as well as to compare effects of these two treatments separately. Methods. Experimental animals were divided into five groups: the group I (the control group of rats fed with standard diet during 11 weeks), and the remaining 4 groups of rats (II, III, IV and V) fed with standard diet during the first week and then with hypercholesterolemic diet during the next 10 weeks. The group II of rats were left without treatment, while in the groups III, IV and V were rats treated per os with atorvastatin (1.15 mg/kg body wright ? b.w.), ALTINC (0.1 mL/kg b.w.) and their combination in same doses, respectively, for the last six weeks. Results. The cholesterol rich diet led to pronounced hyperlipidemia which could not be overcame with the therapy. However, the therapy showed positive effects on abdominal aorta wall thickness and parameters of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde ? MDA, proxidative-antioxidative balance ? PAB) and antioxidative protection (reduced glutathione ? GSH, paraoxanase 1 ? PON1, superoxide dismutase ? SODA SH groups), especially ALTINC was successful in oxidative status improvement. Conclusion. Separate treatments comparison showed that artichoke leaf tincture is very potent antioxidant with beneficial effects in early stages of atherosclerosis. Since atorvastatin and constituents of ALTINC probably have different mechanisms of action, simultaneous use of both therapies could be beneficial but should be further investigated since our results showed that ALTINC is less effective when used in combination with atorvastatin.

scholarly journals Effects of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Adult Female Wistar Rats (P06-090-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pereira da Silva ◽  
Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima ◽  
Renata Celi Lopes Toledo ◽  
Maria Eliza de Castro Moreira ◽  
Neuza Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Objectives The objective is to investigate the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood lipid profile in adult female ovariectomized Wistar rats fed high-fat diet Methods Forty ovariectomized and 40 intact (SHAM) rats were allocated into 8 groups (n = 10), and received one of the following four diets: standard diet (ST); standard diet + chia (STC); high-fat diet (HF); high-fat diet + chia (HFC) during 126 days. Biochemical parameters and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The mRNA expression of proteins involved in inflammation such as PPAR-α, NFκB, TNF-α and Zn-SOD1 were analyzed, as well as TNF-α and IL-1β levels. The results were subjected to ANOVA at 5% probability. Post hoc Duncan test was carried out to compare means among the groups. Test-t was used to compare the same diet group with ovariectomy or not. Results Chia intake increased HDL-c and reduced LDL-c levels. Among the ovariectomized groups, the animals fed chia showed higher SOD mRNA expression and activity. The consumption of the HF did not alter the total antioxidant capacity. In addition, chia consumption did not improve this parameter. Nevertheless, plasma catalase concentration was higher in STC group. MDA concentration was higher in all groups fed HF. PPAR-α mRNA expression was higher in the STC group. Besides, high fat diet consumption was able to reduce the PPAR-α mRNA expression. The NFκB mRNA expression were lower in STC groups. However, mRNA expression and the protein levels of TNF-α were lower in the rats fed standard diet. Nevertheless, the protein levels of IL-1β were lower in the rats fed standard diet and high fat diet with chia. Conclusions In general, ovariectomy did not influence inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Chia intake during 126 days was able to improve antioxidant activity, increasing SOD expression, PPAR-α expression, catalase concentration, and HDL-c levels in adults female rats submitted or not to ovariectomy and fed a standard or a high-fat diet. In addition, chia consumption decrease inflammatory markes, IL-1β and LDL-c concentration. Funding Sources Foundation for Research Support of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, Brazil); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil), and the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq, Brazil). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Pistachio Consumption Alleviates Inflammation and Improves Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Terzo ◽  
Flavia Mulè ◽  
Gaetano Felice Caldara ◽  
Sara Baldassano ◽  
Roberto Puleio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Tnf Α

High-fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and microbial dysbiosis, which are components of the metabolic syndrome. Nutritional strategies can be a valid tool to prevent metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the chronic intake of pistachio prevents obesity-associated inflammation and dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice. Three groups of male mice (four weeks old; n = 8 per group) were fed for 16 weeks with a standard diet (STD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with pistachios (HFD-P; 180 g/kg of HFD). Serum, hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation markers were analyzed in HFD-P animals and compared to HFD and STD groups. Measures of inflammation, obesity, and intestinal integrity were assessed. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P compared to HFD. Number and area of adipocytes, crown-like structure density, IL-1β, TNF-α, F4-80, and CCL-2 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in HFD-P subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, compared to HFD. A significant reduction in the number of inflammatory foci and IL-1β and CCL-2 gene expression was observed in the liver of HFD-P mice compared with HFD. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was reduced in HFD-P mice in comparison to the HFD group. A pistachio diet significantly increased abundance of healthy bacteria genera such as Parabacteroides, Dorea, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Lactobacillus, and Anaeroplasma, and greatly reduced bacteria associated with inflammation, such as Oscillospira, Desulfovibrio, Coprobacillus, and Bilophila. The intestinal conductance was lower in HFD-P mice than in the HFD mice, suggesting an improvement in the gut barrier function. The results of the present study showed that regular pistachio consumption improved inflammation in obese mice. The positive effects could be related to positive modulation of the microbiota composition.

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