Partisan politics or public-health need?

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mayer ◽  
Robert Kenter ◽  
John C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
The Impact

States’ policy decisions regarding the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 have often been explained as predominantly, if not solely, partisan. Might rival explanations also apply? Using a cross-sectional 50-state regression model, we studied standard political variables coupled with public-health indicators. This work differs from existing research by employing a dependent variable of five additive measures of ACA support, examining the impact of both political and socioeconomic indicators on state policy decisions. Expanding on recent empirical studies with our more nuanced additive index of support measures, we found that same-party control of a state’s executive and legislative branches was indeed by far the single best predictor of policy decisions. Public-health indicators, overwhelmed by partisan effect, did not sufficiently explain state policy choice. This result does not allay the concerns that health policy has become synonymous with health politics and that health politics now has little to do with health itself.

scholarly journals A warning about measurement and methodological issues associated with coronavirus tracking and evaluation across jurisdictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (78) ◽  
pp. 297-299
Author(s):  
Robert Ladouceur ◽  
Howard Shaffer ◽  
Paige Shaffer ◽  
Lucie Baillargeon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
The Impact

As people around the world experience a devastating pandemic, it is critical that policy-makers consider the methodological and measurement issues that might be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health indicators. This commentary uses four primary variables to illustrate measurement and methodological issues that can complicate comparisons between jurisdictions. Jurisdiction refers to a variety of geographic areas, such as a country, a state, or a province/territory. These variables play a critical role in determining how we understand the trajectory of disease spread. These variables also contribute to our understanding of prevention strategies and their associated efficacy, reflecting the impact of COVID-19 on hospitals. It is critical for public health stakeholders and the public to recognize that these four simple variables can vary substantially across jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Who's number one? The impact of variability on rankings based on public health indicators

2001 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Gerzoff ◽  
G.David Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A multi-level qualitative analysis of sensitive-intervention stunting program: from regulation to action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Bayu Purnama ◽  
Syafran Arrazy ◽  
Grace Wangge
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives : The multisectoral problem of stunting with sensitive interventions is still a public health problem. This problem is due to complex factors that affect stunting programs across sectors to accelerate the stunting program for non-nutrition programs. This study aims to identify challenges in implementing sensitive interventions on stunting from regulation to implementation of activities. Methods : A qualitative multilevel approach was used for this research by conducting in-depth interviews, observation, and document review on the supply and demand aspects of the stunting-sensitive intervention program. The District of Health as the first level in the regulator, the Public health center as the implementer of the activity, and the community as the target of the activity were interviewed about the impact of regional regulatory innovations on stunting prevalence. Results This study explains that the families of stunting infants are not familiar with sensitive intervention activities and are still focused on specific packages. Coordination and collaboration, both intern level and between levels, have not been maximally implemented. The development of innovations in regional regulations has no impact on public health indicators both before and after the design is implemented. Conclusion for practices This research concludes that deploying cadres, transforming regulation inovation to social inovation and program managers trainning are crucial to accelerate sensitive intervention program.

Managing the effectiveness of the regional health system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-720
Author(s):  
E.V. Lobkova ◽  
A.S. Petrichenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Public Health Indicators

Subject. This article studies the mechanism of State health regulation and methods of management of efficiency of regional healthcare institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the territorial health system in the context of the urgent need to optimize budget expenditures and address public health problems, as well as develop directions to improve the effectiveness of the regional health system of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Methods. For the study, we used the method of index numbers and calculation of dynamics indicators using official statistics data. Results. We have developed and now present a system of indicators of regional health efficiency assessment, focused mainly on public health indicators and quality of medical services. We also offer our own version of the Luenberger observer modification adapted to the objectives of the regional health system analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that it is necessary to optimize the regional health system using the parameters of medical and social efficiency of the system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional health system can be used as a mechanism to develop recommendations for the management of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of the region.

HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 1-5 TAHUN DIPUSKESMAS SUKAHENING KECAMATAN SUKAHENING KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Yuyun Sarinengsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAKStunting yaitu keadaan gagal tumbuh akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis. Prevalensi stunting di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya menempati urutan keempat, dimana kecamatan Sukahening menempati urutan pertama tertinggi dengan jumlah 155 balita mengalami stunting. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting yaitu pengasuhan anak yang kurang baik dimana tidak diberikannya ASI secara Ekslusif. Pencegahan stunting yaitu pada 1000 hari kehidupan dimana salah satunya pemberian ASI secara Ekslusif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI Ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 1-5 tahun di Puskesmas Sukahening Kecamatan Sukahening Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi total sampling sebanyak 95 responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Hasil Penelitian diperoleh lebih dari setengah responden 51,6% tidak diberikan ASI secara Ekslusif, dan sebagian besar 65,3% balita mengalami stunting. Hasil perhitungan chi-square diperoleh ρ.value (0,000<0,05) maka H0 ditolak sehingga terdapat hubungan antara Pemberian ASI Ekslusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 1-5 tahun di Puskesmas Sukahening Kecamatan Sukahening Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberi informasi yang bermanfaat dan perlu dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan ulang yang terjadwal terkait nutrisi yang terjangkau dan sehat sehingga dapat meningkatkan cakupan ASI Ekslusif dan dapat menurunkan angka stunting.Kata Kunci : ASI Ekslusif, StuntingDaftar Pustaka : 25 buku (2010-2018)9 jurnal (2013-2019)2 Website (2010-2017) ABSTRACTStunting is a condition of growth failure due to chronic malnutrition. The stunting prevalence in Tasikmalaya Regency was at the fourth place where Sukahening sub-district was at the highest with 155 stunting. Factor that can influence the occurrence of stunting is a poor parenting where exclusive breastfeeding is not given. The best prevention of stunting is on 1000 days of life where exclusive breastfeeding is given. The impact, if the baby is not given exclusive breastfeeding, they will lack of nutrition and also will have an impact on the growth or inappropriate height. This aims of the research is to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting on toddler under 5 years of at Sukahening Public Health Center, Sukahening Sub district, Tasikmalaya Regency. The type of research used is descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The total samplings were 95 respondents which used purposive sampling technique. The results of the research were obtained more than half of the respondents 51.6% were given exclusive breastfeeding, and most 65.3% of children under five had stunting. The chi-square calculation results obtained that ρ.value (0,000 <0,05) then H0 is rejected so that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting on toddlers under 5 years in Sukahening Public Health Center, Sukahening Sub district, Tasikmalaya Regency. Performed the health education related to affordable and healthy nutrition so that it can increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and can reduce stunting rates. Keywords : Exclusive breastfeeding, Stunting Bibliography : 25 books (2010-2018) 9 journals (2013-2019) 2 Websites (2010-2017) 

The Use of Twitter as an Interactive Learning Tool Within a Postgraduate Public Health Course: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 237337992097842
Author(s):  
Rimante Ronto ◽  
Alexandra Bhatti ◽  
Josephine Chau
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

Twitter has gained attention in recent years as a tool to use in higher education to enhance students’ learning, engagement, and reflective writing. This study explored public health students’ perceptions on the usefulness of Twitter as a learning tool, engagement with their peers, staff, and the broader public health community. Participants were Master of Public Health students from a public university based in Sydney, Australia. A mixed methods approach was used combining content analysis of tweets, an online survey and two focus groups. Students were asked to engage with Twitter by reflecting on each week’s teaching content and by liking and replying to their peers’ tweets. Participation and engagement in this task were high initially and declined toward the end of semester. Most student tweets aligned with topics taught during the semester. Survey and focus group data indicated most students had positive views on using Twitter and reported finding engagement with Twitter beneficial in obtaining current information on health promotion news and trends, increasing their professional networks and allowing them to connect with their peers and teaching staff. Results indicate Twitter is a promising interactive approach to enhance public health students’ engagement and overall learning experience, as well as being useful for professional networking. Larger scale empirical studies are needed to investigate the impact of the use of social media platforms such as Twitter to various learning outcomes longitudinally and beyond this course.

scholarly journals Quantifying contact patterns in response to COVID-19 public health measures in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Brankston ◽  
Eric Merkley ◽  
David N. Fisman ◽  
Ashleigh R. Tuite ◽  
Zvonimir Poljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background A variety of public health measures have been implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada to reduce contact between individuals. The objective of this study was to provide empirical contact pattern data to evaluate the impact of public health measures, the degree to which social contacts rebounded to normal levels, as well as direct public health efforts toward age- and location-specific settings. Methods Four population-based cross-sectional surveys were administered to members of a paid panel representative of Canadian adults by age, gender, official language, and region of residence during May (Survey 1), July (Survey 2), September (Survey 3), and December (Survey 4) 2020. A total of 4981 (Survey 1), 2493 (Survey 2), 2495 (Survey 3), and 2491 (Survey 4) respondents provided information about the age and setting for each direct contact made in a 24-h period. Contact matrices were constructed and contacts for those under the age of 18 years imputed. The next generation matrix approach was used to estimate the reproduction number (Rt) for each survey. Respondents with children under 18 years estimated the number of contacts their children made in school and extracurricular settings. Results Estimated Rt values were 0.49 (95% CI: 0.29–0.69) for May, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.29–0.68) for July, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.63–1.52) for September, and 0.81 (0.47–1.17) for December. The highest proportion of reported contacts occurred within the home (51.3% in May), in ‘other’ locations (49.2% in July) and at work (66.3 and 65.4% in September and December). Respondents with children reported an average of 22.7 (95% CI: 21.1–24.3) (September) and 19.0 (95% CI 17.7–20.4) (December) contacts at school per day per child in attendance. Conclusion The skewed distribution of reported contacts toward workplace settings in September and December combined with the number of reported school-related contacts suggest that these settings represent important opportunities for transmission emphasizing the need to support and ensure infection control procedures in both workplaces and schools.

scholarly journals Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Response to COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health in 3052 US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Meyer ◽  
Cillian McDowell ◽  
Jeni Lansing ◽  
Cassandra Brower ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic altered many facets of life. We aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19-related public health guidelines on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, mental health, and their interrelations. Cross-sectional data were collected from 3052 US adults 3–8 April 2020 (from all 50 states). Participants self-reported pre- and post-COVID-19 levels of moderate and vigorous PA, sitting, and screen time. Currently-followed public health guidelines, stress, loneliness, positive mental health (PMH), social connectedness, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were self-reported. Participants were grouped by meeting US PA guidelines, reporting ≥8 h/day of sitting, or ≥8 h/day of screen time, pre- and post-COVID-19. Overall, 62% of participants were female, with age ranging from 18–24 (16.6% of sample) to 75+ (9.3%). Self-reported PA was lower post-COVID among participants reporting being previously active (mean change: −32.3% [95% CI: −36.3%, −28.1%]) but largely unchanged among previously inactive participants (+2.3% [−3.5%, +8.1%]). No longer meeting PA guidelines and increased screen time were associated with worse depression, loneliness, stress, and PMH (p < 0.001). Self-isolation/quarantine was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to social distancing (p < 0.001). Maintaining and enhancing physical activity participation and limiting screen time increases during abrupt societal changes may mitigate the mental health consequences.

scholarly journals A call for harmonization of European kidney care: dialysis reimbursement and distribution of kidney replacement therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van der Tol ◽  
Vianda S Stel ◽  
Kitty J Jager ◽  
Norbert Lameire ◽  
Rachael L Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We compare reimbursement for haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in European countries to assess the impact on government healthcare budgets. We discuss strategies to reduce costs by promoting sustainable dialysis and kidney transplantation. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey among nephrologists conducted online July–December 2016. European countries were categorized by tertiles of gross domestic product per capita (GDP). Reimbursement data were matched to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) data. Results The prevalence per million population of patients being treated with long-term dialysis was not significantly different across tertiles of GDP (P = 0.22). The percentage of PD increased with GDP across tertiles (4.9, 8.2, 13.4%; P &lt; 0.001). The HD-to-PD reimbursement ratio was higher in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (0.7, 1.0 versus 1.7; P = 0.007). Home HD was mainly reimbursed in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (15, 15 versus 69%; P = 0.005). The percentage of public health expenditure for reimbursement of dialysis decreased across tertiles of GDP (3.3, 1.5, 0.7%; P &lt; 0.001). Transplantation as a proportion of all KRT increased across tertiles of GDP (18.5, 39.5, 56.0%; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions In Europe, dialysis has a disproportionately high impact on public health expenditure, especially in countries with a lower GDP. In these countries, the cost difference between PD and HD is smaller, and home dialysis and transplantation are less frequently provided than in countries with a higher GDP. In-depth evaluation and analysis of influential economic and political measures are needed to steer optimized reimbursement strategies for KRT.

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