Dietary chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) rich in α-linolenic acid improves adiposity and normalises hypertriacylglycerolaemia and insulin resistance in dyslipaemic rats

The present study investigates the benefits of the dietary intake of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) rich in α-linolenic acid and fibre upon dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance (IR), induced by intake of a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To achieve these goals two sets of experiments were designed: (i) to study the prevention of onset of dyslipidaemia and IR in Wistar rats fed during 3 weeks with a SRD in which chia seed was the dietary source of fat; (ii) to analyse the effectiveness of chia seed in improving or reversing the metabolic abnormalities described above. Rats were fed a SRD during 3 months; by the end of this period, stable dyslipidaemia and IR were present in the animals. From months 3–5, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed a SRD in which the source of fat was substituted by chia seed (SRD+chia). The control group received a diet in which sucrose was replaced by maize starch. The results showed that: (i) dietary chia seed prevented the onset of dyslipidaemia and IR in the rats fed the SRD for 3 weeks – glycaemia did not change; (ii) dyslipidaemia and IR in the long-term SRD-fed rats were normalised without changes in insulinaemia when chia seed provided the dietary fat during the last 2 months of the feeding period. Dietary chia seed reduced the visceral adiposity present in the SRD rats. The present study provides new data regarding the beneficial effect of chia seed upon lipid and glucose homeostasis in an experimental model of dislipidaemia and IR.

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Chia (Salvia hispanica) harvest residue induces cytokine expression in rabbits

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a5n13.1377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Mónica Ilsy Jiménez Rojas ◽

Roberto Vázquez Euán ◽

Héctor Felipe Magaña Sevilla ◽

Gabriel de Jesús Azcorra Perera ◽

Rossana Del Pilar Rodríguez Canul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Control Group ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Necrosis Factor ◽

Animal Consumption

The seed of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) is characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is an important source of -linolenic acid for human and animal consumption. During the harvest of the seed, waste is generated that contains remnants of leaves, stems and some seeds, which is generally discarded. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the eect of chia seed residue (CSR) on protein expression of the rabbit immune system, when added as a supplement in the diets of animals deliberately induced to an intestinal infection. Twenty rabbits (New Zealand x California) were randomly distributed in five treatments and fed fieve diets with different percentages of CSR inclusion (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%). Quantification of the relative expression of the anti-inflammatory Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) genes showed that as CSR inclusion levels increased up to 40%, mRNA expression of IL-10 increased significantly (22.4-fold) with respect to the control, while TNF- mRNA expression was inversely proportional, where a signicant increase (7.47-fold) in mRNA expression was found in the control group. It is concluded that the indirect inclusion of α-linolenic acid through the consumption of CSR induces a positive response in the immune system of the rabbits and represents an alternative for the formulation of rations with nutraceutical effects.

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Characterization and Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. and Salvia columbariae Benth. Varieties for Their Cultivation in Southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10122012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2012

Author(s):

Samantha Jo Grimes ◽

Filippo Capezzone ◽

Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽

Simone Graeff-Hönninger

Keyword(s):

Seed Mass ◽

Point Of View ◽

Raw Material ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Reported Data ◽

Seed Yields

Rising consumer attraction towards superfoods and the steadily increasing demand for healthy, environmentally sustainable, and regionally produced food products has sharpened the demand for chia. Over the course of 4 years, two early flowering chia varieties belonging to Salvia hispanica L., and Salvia columbariae Benth. Species were identified to complete their phenological development and, therefore, able to reach maturity under a photoperiod >12 h, thus enabling the cultivation of chia in central Europe—more specifically, in southwestern Germany—consistently for the first time. Results obtained by the conducted field trial in 2018 showed that chia seed yields and thousand-seed mass ranged from 284.13 to 643.99 kg ha−1 and 0.92 to 1.36 g, respectively. Further, the statistical analyses showed that the protein content of the cultivated chia varieties ranged from 22.14 to 27.78%, the mucilage content varied from 10.35 to 20.66%, and the crude oil content amounted up to 28.00 and 31.73%. Fatty acid profiles were similar to previously reported data with α-Linolenic acid being the most prominent one, ranging from 60.40 to 65.87%, and we obtained ω6:ω3 ratios between 0.2 and 0.3. In conclusion, chia could represent a promising raw material from a nutritional point of view, while being able to diversify the local food basis of southwestern Germany.

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Cold extraction method of chia seed mucilage (Salvia hispanica L.): effect on yield and rheological behavior

Journal of Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13197-017-2954-4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 457-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lucas Silveira Tavares ◽

Luciana Affonso Junqueira ◽

Ívina Catarina de Oliveira Guimarães ◽

Jaime Vilela de Resende

Keyword(s):

Rheological Behavior ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Seed Mucilage

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Fatty acid profile of goat milk in diets supplemented with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.)

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-12785 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 6256-6265 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. Schettino ◽

S. Vega ◽

R. Gutiérrez ◽

A. Escobar ◽

J. Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Salvia Hispanica L

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Antioxidant potential of dietary chia seed and oil ( Salvia hispanica L.) in diet-induced obese rats

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2015.07.039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 666-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Rafaela da Silva Marineli ◽

Sabrina Alves Lenquiste ◽

Érica Aguiar Moraes ◽

Mário Roberto Maróstica

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Salvia Hispanica L

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Insulin resistance caused by amylin in conscious rats is independent of induced hypocalcemia and fades during long-term exposure

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1290360 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 360-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Clemens Fürnsinn ◽

Peter Nowotny ◽

Michael Roden ◽

Madeleine Rohac ◽

Thomas Pieber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp

To compare the effect of short- vs long-term amylin infusion on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and serum calcemia, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (26 pmol·kg−1·min−1) and glucose tolerance tests (2.4 mmol/kg over 30 min) were performed in lean Zucker rats. Three infusion protocols were employed: control group: 24 h of iv saline; short-term amylin exposure: 22 h of iv saline followed by 2 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h); long-term amylin exposure: 24 h of iv amylin (20 μg/h). Insulin resistance was induced by short-term amylin infusion during euglycemic clamping, as shown by a 41% decrease in space-corrected glucose infusion rates (μmol·kg−1·min−1; control group, 106.0±15.0; short-term iv amylin, 62.7±15.0; p<0.00 5). After long-term amylin exposure, insulin sensitivity was identical to control values (109.9±6.7). This fading action of amylin was confirmed by data from the glucose tolerance test, demonstrating glucose intolerance after short- but not after long-term amylin exposure. Serum calcium concentration decreased during short-term (2 h) amylin infusion (from 2.52±0.15 to 2.09±0.12 mmol/l; p<0.01) and hypocalcemia of a similar extent also was present after 22 h and 24 h of amylin exposure (2.10±0.09 and 2.04±0.14 mmol/l, respectively). The data demonstrate that short-term amylin infusion induces insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, both of which vanish during long-term (>22 h) amylin exposure, being apparently independent of induced hypocalcemia.

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Growth, Yield Performance and Quality Parameters of Three Early Flowering Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Southwestern Germany

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture8100154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 154 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samantha J. Grimes ◽

Timothy D. Phillips ◽

Volker Hahn ◽

Filippo Capezzone ◽

Simone Graeff-Hönninger

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Early Flowering ◽

Salvia Hispanica ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Chia Seed ◽

Salvia Hispanica L ◽

Seed Yields

The combination of consumer’s ongoing demand for chia (Salvia hispanica L.) alongside the increased demand for regionally produced food products provided the impetus for this study. Its aim was to test if a regional cultivation of new chia genotypes, which were adapted to day lengths greater than 12 hours, is feasible under Central European conditions. Therefore, three early flowering chia genotypes (Sahi Alba 914, W13.1, G8) were cultivated in a randomized block design at two experimental stations in Southwestern Germany (Ihinger Hof, Eckartsweier) over the course of two years (2015, 2016). Mean yields ranged from 100 to 1290 kg ha−1. Mucilage content ranged from 9.5% to 12.2%, while the crude protein content ranged from 17.2% to 25.0%. Crude oil content fell in the range of 30.9–33.7% and the PUFA:SAT ratio ranged from 4.0 to 9.4, whereas the omega6:omega3 ratio varied from 0.27 to 0.5. As chia seed yields surpassed yield levels obtained by their countries of origin and as quality parameters obtained, were in line with the genotypes cultivated in their countries of origin, it can be assumed that a regional chia production in Southwestern Germany offers great potential, being ecologically and economically profitable.

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