scholarly journals Dietary patterns and risk of asthma: results from three countries in European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1354-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hooper ◽  
Joachim Heinrich ◽  
Ernst Omenaas ◽  
Stefanie Sausenthaler ◽  
Vanessa Garcia-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Score ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bronchial Responsiveness ◽  
The Uk

Dietary patterns offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods or nutrients in nutritional epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and examine their associations with asthma. In five study centres (two in Germany, two in the UK and one in Norway), 1174 adults aged 29–55 years completed a FFQ and respiratory symptoms questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to identify the dietary patterns and analyse them in relation to current asthma, asthma symptoms and bronchial responsiveness (BHR). Two patterns emerged, generally correlating with the same foods at different centres: one associated with intake of meats and potatoes; the other with fish, fruits and vegetables. There was no evidence that the fish, fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·11 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·33)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·98, 1·17)) or BHR (regression coefficient − 0·01 ( − 0·12, 0·10)), though these CI appeared to rule out large protective effects of consuming these foods. There was no overall evidence that the meat and potato pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·02 (0·79, 1·31)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·84, 1·36)) or BHR (regression coefficient − 0·08 ( − 0·27, 0·10)), but there was heterogeneity between centres in the association with symptom score: a negative association at the two German centres; a positive association at the others. Heterogeneity in a multi-centre observational study of diet could suggest alternative explanations for apparent effects of diet, such as uncontrolled confounding.

scholarly journals Intestinal absorption of epoxy-β-carotenes by humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 339 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun B. BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Induction Of Differentiation ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Reduced Risk

An increased intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of cancer. In epidemiological studies, supplements of β-carotene, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables, were not found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of lung cancer in high-risk groups. Epoxycarotenoids are abundant in nature. 5,6-Epoxy-β-carotene was much more active than β-carotene in the induction of differentiation of NB4 cells [Duitsman, Becker, Barua and Olson (1996) FASEB J. 10, A732]. Epoxycarotenes may, therefore, have protective effects against cancer. In order to do this, however, epoxycarotenoids must be absorbed by the human body. There is no evidence that epoxycarotenoids, despite their abundance in dietary fruits and vegetables, are absorbed by humans. In this paper, it is demonstrated that orally administered dietary or synthetic epoxy-β-carotenes are absorbed by humans, as indicated by their appearance in the circulating blood.

scholarly journals Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of what constitutes a healthy diet is continually shifting to reflect the evolving understanding of the roles that different foods, essential nutrients, and other food components play in health and disease. A large and growing body of evidence supports that intake of certain types of nutrients, specific food groups, or overarching dietary patterns positively influences health and promotes the prevention of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Greater consumption of health-promoting foods and limited intake of unhealthier options are intrinsic to the eating habits of certain regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet or have been constructed as part of dietary patterns designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. In comparison with a more traditional Western diet, these healthier alternatives are higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. To better understand the current concept of a “healthy diet,” this review describes the features and supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that have been shown to prevent disease and/or positively influence health. In total, evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs including cardiovascular disease and cancer.

scholarly journals Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of CHD: results from prospective cohort studies of Chinese adults in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danxia Yu ◽  
Xianglan Zhang ◽  
Yu-Tang Gao ◽  
Honglan Li ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Coronary Events

The protective effects of fruits and vegetables against CHD have been suggested by many epidemiological studies among Western populations. However, prospective data are lacking for Asian populations. In the present study, we examined the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with CHD incidence among 67 211 women (aged 40–70 years) and 55 474 men (aged 40–74 years) living in Shanghai, China. Food intake was assessed using validated FFQ through in-person interviews. Coronary events (non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) were identified by biennial home visits and further confirmed by medical record review. During a mean follow-up period of 9·8 and 5·4 years, 148 events in women and 217 events in men were documented and verified. After adjustment for potential confounders, women in the highest quartile of total fruit and vegetable intake (median 814 g/d) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·62 (95 % CI 0·38, 1·02) for CHD (Pfor trend = 0·04) compared with those in the lowest quartile (median 274 g/d). This association was primarily driven by fruits (HR for the highestv.the lowest intake in women: 0·62, 95 % CI 0·37, 1·03). The strength of the association was attenuated after further controlling for history of diabetes or hypertension. For men, no significant association was found for fruit and vegetable intake when analysed either in combination or individually. The present findings suggest that a high consumption of fruits may reduce CHD risk in Chinese women.

scholarly journals Influence of Bioactive Nutrients on the Atherosclerotic Process: A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Casas ◽  
Ramon Estruch ◽  
Emilio Sacanella
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

The protective effects of a dietary intervention as a useful tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis disease has gained greater attention in recent years. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the importance of diet in reducing expensive treatments or possible undesirable side effects. The main aim of this review is to examine the effects of specific nutrients on the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of different nutrients. In this sense, results have shown stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques or downregulation of biomarkers related to inflammation through nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol of extra virgin olive oil, lycopen, phytosterols of plants, or flavonols of fruits and vegetables, among others. The accumulated evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects related to these nutrients is summarized in the present review.

scholarly journals Micronutrients and cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Protective Effects

Adverse dietary factors account for approximately 30% of all cancers. Overconsumption of energy is undoubtedly one of the major risk factors, but dietary composition is also very important. In particular, a low consumption of fruits and vegetables appears to double the risk of carcinomas of the lung and alimentary tract. Epidemiological studies suggest that high plasma levels of Se, carotenoids and ascorbic acid are protective against cancer. However, intervention studies with antioxidant nutrients have given mixed results, and it has not been established that the benefits of a high intake of fruits and vegetables are invariably related to the prevention of oxidative DNA damage. Folic acid supplementation appears to protect against colo-rectal neoplasia, probably by preventing mutations associated with the repair of uracil mis-incorporation. However, there are indications from animal studies that exposure to high levels of folic acid at certain stages of development may lead to epigenetic effects that are, as yet, poorly understood. There seems little doubt that micronutrients contribute to the protective effects of plant foods against cancers of the lung and alimentary tract, but it has not been established that these benefits can be achieved using supplements.

Microbial Flavonoid Metabolism: A Cardiometabolic Disease Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-454
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Osborn ◽  
Jan Claesen ◽  
J. Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Flavonoid Intake

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and encompasses the inflammatory metabolic disorders of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant metabolites that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables and have biologically relevant protective effects in a number of cardiometabolic disorders. Several epidemiological studies underscored a negative association between dietary flavonoid consumption and the propensity to develop CMD. Recent studies elucidated the contribution of the gut microbiota in metabolizing dietary intake as it relates to CMD. Importantly, the biological efficacy of flavonoids in humans and animal models alike is linked to the gut microbial community. Herein, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of leveraging flavonoid intake as a potential strategy to prevent and treat CMD in a gut microbe–dependent manner, with special emphasis on flavonoid-derived microbial metabolites.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of the cardiovascular protective effects of polyphenols

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina ◽  
Cyril Auger ◽  
Thierry Chataigneau ◽  
Nelly Étienne-Selloum ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Epidemiological studies have reported a greater reduction in cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders associated with diets rich in polyphenols. The antioxidant effects of polyphenols are attributed to the regulation of redox enzymes by reducing reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase in addition to also up-regulating multiple antioxidant enzymes. Although data supporting the effects of polyphenols in reducing oxidative stress are promising, several studies have suggested additional mechanisms in the health benefits of polyphenols. Polyphenols from red wine increase endothelial NO production leading to endothelium-dependent relaxation in conditions such as hypertension, stroke or the metabolic syndrome. Numerous molecules contained in fruits and vegetables can activate sirtuins to increase lifespan and silence metabolic and physiological disturbances associated with endothelial NO dysfunction. Although intracellular pathways involved in the endothelial effects of polyphenols are partially described, the molecular targets of these polyphenols are not completely elucidated. We review the novel aspects of polyphenols on several targets that could trigger the health benefits of polyphenols in conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances.

scholarly journals Intake estimation of total and individual flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and theaflavins, their food sources and determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Knaze ◽  
Raul Zamora-Ros ◽  
Leila Luján-Barroso ◽  
Isabelle Romieu ◽  
Augustin Scalbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dietary Data ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Epidemiological studies suggest health-protective effects of flavan-3-ols and their derived compounds on chronic diseases. The present study aimed to estimate dietary flavan-3-ol, proanthocyanidin (PA) and theaflavin intakes, their food sources and potential determinants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration cohort. Dietary data were collected using a standardised 24 h dietary recall software administered to 36 037 subjects aged 35–74 years. Dietary data were linked with a flavanoid food composition database compiled from the latest US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases and expanded to include recipes, estimations and retention factors. Total flavan-3-ol intake was the highest in UK Health-conscious men (453·6 mg/d) and women of UK General population (377·6 mg/d), while the intake was the lowest in Greece (men: 160·5 mg/d; women: 124·8 mg/d). Monomer intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 213·5 mg/d; women: 178·6 mg/d) and the lowest in Greece (men: 26·6 mg/d in men; women: 20·7 mg/d). Theaflavin intake was the highest in UK General population (men: 29·3 mg/d; women: 25·3 mg/d) and close to zero in Greece and Spain. PA intake was the highest in Asturias (men: 455·2 mg/d) and San Sebastian (women: 253 mg/d), while being the lowest in Greece (men: 134·6 mg/d; women: 101·0 mg/d). Except for the UK, non-citrus fruits (apples/pears) were the highest contributors to the total flavan-3-ol intake. Tea was the main contributor of total flavan-3-ols in the UK. Flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intakes were significantly different among all assessed groups. This study showed heterogeneity in flavan-3-ol, PA and theaflavin intake throughout the EPIC countries.

scholarly journals Phytowaste as nutraceuticals in boosting public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere S. Dike ◽  
Chinna N. Orish ◽  
Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha ◽  
Francis D. Sikoki ◽  
Bolaji B. Babatunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Human Trial ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Seed Extracts

AbstractThe utilization of bioactive constituent of peels and seeds provide an effective, environment friendly and inexpensive therapy for different forms of human disease, and the production, improvement and documentation of novel nutraceuticals. This review systematically presents findings and further understanding of the reported benefits and therapeutic applications of peel and seed extracts on innovative cell culture and animal studies, as well as phased clinical human trial research. The extracts of seed and peels were reported to possess high quantities of bioactive substances with antioxidative, antidiabetic, hepatorenal protective, antithyroidal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cardiovascular protective, neuro-protective effects, anticancer and wound healing activities. Therapeutic activities of the bioactive substances of peel and seed extracts include elevation of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH-Px, t-GPx, Catalase and GST activities, with the suppression of MDA levels, hydroperoxide generation and lipid peroxidized products, the extracts also regulate inflammatory mediators and cytokines as they are reported to suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which include; IL-1β, PGE2, TGF-β and TNF-α and induces apoptosis and cell differentiation. This review revealed the therapeutic importance and best utilization of peels and seed extracts of fruits and vegetables.

Association between dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer in Chinese female population: a latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Shang Cao ◽  
Shurong Lu ◽  
Jinyi Zhou ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Soy Foods

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine if specific dietary patterns are associated with breast cancer risk in Chinese women. Design: Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify generic dietary patterns based on daily food-frequency data. Setting: The Chinese Wuxi Exposure and Breast Cancer Study (2013-2014). Participants: A population-based case-control study (695 cases, 804 controls). Results: Four dietary patterns were identified, Prudent, Chinese traditional, Western, and Picky, the proportion in the controls and cases were 0.30/0.32/0.16/0.23 and 0.29/0.26/0.11/0.33, respectively. Women in Picky class were characterized by higher extreme probabilities of non-consumption on specific foods, the highest probabilities of consumption of pickled foods, and the lowest probabilities of consumption of cereals, soy foods, and nuts. Compared with Prudent class, Picky class was associated with a higher risk (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.06, 1.90), while the relevant association was only in post- (OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.01, 2.05) but not premenopausal women. The Western class characterized by high-protein, -fat, and -sugar foods, the Chinese traditional class characterized by typical consumption of soy foods and white meat over red meat, both of them showed no difference in BC risk compared with Prudent class did. Conclusions: LCA capture the heterogeneity of individuals embedded in the population, could be a useful approach in the study of dietary pattern and disease. Our results indicated that the Picky class might have a positive association with the risk of breast cancer.

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