scholarly journals n-3 PUFA prevent metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and improve endothelial function in golden Syrian hamsters fed with a high-fat diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 1305-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Kasbi Chadli ◽  
Agnès Andre ◽  
Xavier Prieur ◽  
Gervaise Loirand ◽  
Anne Meynier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances

Glucose intolerance and dyslipidaemia are independent risk factors for endothelium dysfunction and CVD. The aim of the present study was to analyse the preventive effect of n-3 PUFA (EPA and DHA) on lipid and carbohydrate disturbances and endothelial dysfunction. Three groups of adult hamsters were studied for 20 weeks: (1) control diet (Control); (2) high-fat diet (HF); (3) high-fat diet enriched with n-3 PUFA (HFn-3) groups. The increase in body weight and fat mass in the HF compared to the Control group (P < 0·05) was not found in the HFn-3 group. Muscle TAG content was similar in the Control and HF groups, but significantly lower in the HFn-3 group (P = 0·008). Glucose tolerance was impaired in the HF compared to the Control group, but this impairment was prevented by n-3 PUFA in the HFn-3 group (P < 0·001). Plasma TAG and cholesterol were higher in the HF group compared to the Control group (P < 0·001), but lower in the HFn-3 group compared to the HF group (P < 0·001). HDL-cholesterol was lower in the HFn-3 group compared to the Control and HF groups (P < 0·0005). Hepatic secretion of TAG was lower in the HFn-3 group compared to the HF group (P < 0·005), but did not differ from the Control group. Hepatic gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 and stearyl CoA desaturase 1 was lower in the HFn-3 group, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and scavenger receptor class B type 1 expression was higher (P < 0·05). In adipocytes and adipose macrophages, PPARγ and TNFα expression was higher in the HF and HFn-3 groups compared to the Control group. Endothelium relaxation was higher in the HFn-3 (P < 0·001) than in the HF and Control groups, and was correlated with glucose intolerance (P = 0·03) and cholesterol (P = 0·0003). In conclusion, n-3 PUFA prevent some metabolic disturbances induced by high-fat diet and improve endothelial function in hamsters.

scholarly journals Effects of a Mixed Limosilactobacillus fermentum Formulation with Claimed Probiotic Properties on Cardiometabolic Variables, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire ◽  
Luciana Caroline Paulino do Nascimento ◽  
Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira ◽  
Alisson Macário de Oliveira ◽  
Thiago Henrique Napoleão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been linked to dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of a mixed formulation with Limosilactobacillusfermentum 139, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296 on cardiometabolic parameters, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues of male rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were grouped into control diet (CTL, n = 6), HFD (n = 6) and HFD with L. fermentum formulation (HFD-Lf, n = 6) groups. The L.fermentum formulation (1 × 109 CFU/mL of each strain) was administered twice a day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week follow-up, biochemical parameters, fecal SCFA, cytokines and oxidative stress variables were evaluated. HFD consumption caused hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, low-grade inflammation, reduced fecal acetate and propionate contents and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues when compared to the CTL group. Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, but similar SCFA contents in comparison with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Rats receiving the L. fermentum formulation had increased antioxidant capacity throughout the colon and heart tissues when compared with the control group. Administration of a mixed L. fermentum formulation prevented hyperlipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in colon and heart tissues induced by HFD consumption.

scholarly journals Role of sex and high fat diet in metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa. S. Robison ◽  
Olivia J. Gannon ◽  
Melissa A. Thomas ◽  
Abigail E. Salinero ◽  
Charly Abi-Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ad Mouse Model

AbstractHypothalamic dysfunction occurs early in the clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), likely contributing to disturbances in feeding behavior and metabolic function that are often observable years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Late-life weight loss and low BMI are associated with increased risk of dementia and faster progression of disease. However, high fat diet and metabolic disease (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes), particularly in mid-life, are associated with increased risk of AD, as well as exacerbated AD pathology and behavioral deficits in animal models. In the current study, we explored possible relationships between hypothalamic function, diet/metabolic status, and AD. Considering the sex bias in AD, with women representing two-thirds of AD patients, we sought to determine whether these relationships vary by sex. WT and 3xTg-AD male and female mice were fed a control (10% fat) or high fat (HF; 60% diet) diet from ~3-7 months of age, then tested for metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances. On control diet, male 3xTg-AD mice displayed decreased body weight, reduced fat mass, hypoleptinemia, and mild systemic inflammation, as well as increased expression of gliosis- and inflammation-related genes in the hypothalamus (Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β). In contrast, female 3xTg-AD mice on control diet displayed metabolic disturbances opposite that of 3xTg-AD males (increased body and fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance). HF diet resulted in expected metabolic alterations across groups (increased body and fat mass; glucose intolerance; increased plasma insulin and leptin, decreased ghrelin; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related pathology). HF diet resulted in the greatest weight gain, adiposity, and glucose intolerance in 3xTg-AD females, which were associated with markedly increased hypothalamic expression of GFAP and IL-1β, as well as GFAP labeling in several hypothalamic nuclei that regulate energy balance. In contrast, HF diet increased diabetes markers and systemic inflammation preferentially in AD males but did not exacerbate hypothalamic inflammation in this group. These findings provide further evidence for the roles of hypothalamic and metabolic dysfunction in AD, which in the 3xTg-AD mouse model appears to be dependent on both sex and diet.

Insufficient islet compensation to insulin resistance vs. reduced glucose effectiveness in glucose-intolerant mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. E738-E744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ahrén ◽  
Giovanni Pacini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Effectiveness ◽  
Time Points

This study evaluated the relative contribution of insulin-dependent mechanisms vs. mechanisms independent on dynamic insulin for glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet. C57BL/6J mice underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg glucose) at 1 wk and 1, 3, and 10 mo after initiation of a high-fat diet (58% fat; control diet 11% fat) to measure glucose effectiveness (SG) and disposition index (DI), i.e., insulin sensitivity (SI) times early or total insulin secretion. Glucose disappearance (KG) and SI were reduced in high-fat-fed mice at all time points. Total (50 min) insulin secretion was sufficiently increased at all time points to compensate for the reduced SI, as judged by normal DI50 min. In contrast, early (10 min) insulin secretion was not sufficiently increased; DI10 min was reduced after 1, 3, and 10 mo. SG was reduced after 1 wk; the reduction persisted throughout the study period. Thus glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet is, in early phases, solely explained by reduced glucose effectiveness, whereas insufficient early insulin secretion is of importance after long-term feeding.

Beneficial effects of maternal swimming during pregnancy on offspring metabolism when the father is obese

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tarevnic ◽  
F. Ornellas ◽  
C. A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda ◽  
M. B. Aguila
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maternal Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Old Mice

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal exercise training on the offspring metabolism and body size caused by father obesity. C57BL/6 male 4-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF father) or control diet (C father), while equal age female mice were fed only a C diet and were separated into two groups: trained (T mother) and non-trained (NT mother), and at 12 weeks of age mice were mated. A continuous swimming protocol was applied for 10 weeks (before and during gestation), and offspring were followed since weaning until sacrifice (at 12 weeks of age). HF father, compared to C father, showed obesity, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and glucose intolerance. Both sexes HF/NT offspring showed hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and high levels of TC and TG, without obesity. However, HF/T offspring showed data close to C/NT, demonstrating the beneficial effect of maternal exercise in the offspring of obese fathers.

scholarly journals Myricitrin Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Glucose Intolerance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Do Yeon Kim ◽  
Sang Ryong Kim ◽  
Un Ju Jung
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression And Activity

To test the hypothesis that myricitrin (MYR) improves type 2 diabetes, we examined the effect of MYR on hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: non-diabetic, diabetic control, and MYR (0.005%, w/w)-supplemented diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by HFD and STZ, and MYR was administered orally for 5 weeks. Myricitrin exerted no significant effects on food intake, body weight, fat weight, or plasma lipids levels. However, MYR significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose intolerance, and increased pancreatic β-cell mass compared to the diabetic control group. Myricitrin administration also markedly increased glucokinase mRNA expression and activity as well as lowered glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA expression and activity in the liver. In addition, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride content, and lipid droplet accumulation were markedly decreased following MYR administration. These changes were seemingly attributable to the suppression of the hepatic lipogenic enzymes—fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase. Myricitrin also significantly lowered plasma MCP-1 and TNF-α levels and the mRNA expression of hepatic pro-inflammatory genes. These results suggest that MYR has anti-diabetic potential.

scholarly journals Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Su-Min Lim ◽  
Jae In Jung ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Jae Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used in Asia as a herbal medicine to treat type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) enriched in gypenoside L, gypenoside LI, and ginsenoside Rg3 and obtained using a novel extraction method. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day GPE (GPE 100), HFD + 300 mg/kg BW/day GPE (GPE 300), or HFD + 30 mg/kg BW/day Orlistat (Orlistat 30) for 8 weeks. The HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, fat mass, white adipose tissue, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to the CD group; but GPE inhibited those increases. GPE reduced serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, without affecting HDL-cholesterol. GPE significantly increased AMPK activation and suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), PPARγ coactivator-1α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein 2 (AP2), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and by increasing that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). This study demonstrated the ameliorative effect of GPE on obesity and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism.

scholarly journals Milk minerals modify the effect of fat intake on serum lipid profile: results from an animal and a human short-term study

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne K. Lorenzen ◽  
Søren K. Jensen ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Milk Minerals

Despite a high content of saturated fat, evidence from observational studies indicates that the consumption of dairy products may have a neutral effect or may be inversely associated with the risk of CVD. We aimed to examine whether milk minerals modify the effect of saturated fat on serum lipid profile. We present data from two studies. Study I had a randomised, blinded, parallel design (n 24 pigs) with a 10 d adaptation period during which a high-fat diet was fed to the pigs and a 14 d intervention period during which the same diet either enriched with milk minerals (MM group) or placebo (control group) was fed to the pigs. Study II had a randomised cross-over design (n 9 men) where the subjects were fed either a high-fat diet enriched with milk minerals (MM period) or a regular diet (control period). In both the studies, blood variables were measured before and after the intervention and faecal and urine samples were collected at the end of the dietary periods. The increase in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not in HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly lowered by milk minerals in both the studies. In the animal study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MM group were 11 % (P= 0·004) and 13 % (P= 0·03) lower compared with those in the control group after the intervention. Similarly in the human study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 6 % (P= 0·002) and 9 % (P= 0·03) lower after the MM period compared with those in the control period. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not lowered by milk minerals. These short-term studies indicate that the addition of milk minerals to a high-fat diet to some extent attenuates the increase in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentration.

scholarly journals Role of sex and high-fat diet in metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Robison ◽  
Olivia J. Gannon ◽  
Melissa A. Thomas ◽  
Abigail E. Salinero ◽  
Charly Abi-Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ad Mouse Model

Abstract Background Hypothalamic dysfunction occurs early in the clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), likely contributing to disturbances in feeding behavior and metabolic function that are often observed years prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Late-life weight loss and low BMI are associated with increased risk of dementia and faster progression of disease. However, high-fat diet and metabolic disease (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes), particularly in mid-life, are associated with increased risk of AD, as well as exacerbated AD pathology and behavioral deficits in animal models. In the current study, we explored possible relationships between hypothalamic function, diet/metabolic status, and AD. Considering the sex bias in AD, with women representing two-thirds of AD patients, we sought to determine whether these relationships vary by sex. Methods WT and 3xTg-AD male and female mice were fed a control (10% fat) or high-fat (HF 60% fat) diet from ~ 3–7 months of age, then tested for metabolic and hypothalamic disturbances. Results On control diet, male 3xTg-AD mice displayed decreased body weight, reduced fat mass, hypoleptinemia, and mild systemic inflammation, as well as increased expression of gliosis- and inflammation-related genes in the hypothalamus (Iba1, GFAP, TNF-α, IL-1β). In contrast, female 3xTg-AD mice on control diet displayed metabolic disturbances opposite that of 3xTg-AD males (increased body and fat mass, impaired glucose tolerance). HF diet resulted in expected metabolic alterations across groups (increased body and fat mass; glucose intolerance; increased plasma insulin and leptin, decreased ghrelin; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related pathology). HF diet resulted in the greatest weight gain, adiposity, and glucose intolerance in 3xTg-AD females, which were associated with markedly increased hypothalamic expression of GFAP and IL-1β, as well as GFAP labeling in several hypothalamic nuclei that regulate energy balance. In contrast, HF diet increased diabetes markers and systemic inflammation preferentially in AD males but did not exacerbate hypothalamic inflammation in this group. Conclusions These findings provide further evidence for the roles of hypothalamic and metabolic dysfunction in AD, which in the 3xTg-AD mouse model appears to be dependent on both sex and diet.

scholarly journals Maternal Quercetin Consumption during Pregnancy May Help Regulate Total Cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio without Effect on Cholesterol Levels in Male Progeny Consuming High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Masakatsu Takashima ◽  
Wataru Tanaka ◽  
Hiroki Matsuyama ◽  
Hayato Tajiri ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Male Progeny ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Quercetin has been shown to have anti-obesity effects, but it is unknown whether these effects can be transmitted from mothers to their progeny. In this study, we investigated whether maternal quercetin consumption during pregnancy has a protective effect on high-fat diet–induced hyper lipid levels and overweight in progeny. Female mice consumed a control diet or a diet containing 1.0% quercetin during breeding. The male progeny were then divided into four groups that were (1) sacrificed at postnatal day 3; (2) born to dams fed the control diet and also fed the control diet (C-C), (3) born to dams fed the control diet and then fed a 30% high-fat diet (C-HF), or (4) born to dams fed the Q-diet and then fed the HF diet (Q-HF). Maternal consumption of quercetin did not affect body weight or blood lipid parameters in either dams or neonates at postnatal day 3. After 13 weeks, the Q-HF group exhibited greater body and liver weights, and higher blood cholesterol levels than the C-HF group. However, the total cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratios in the Q-HF and C-C groups remained similar. In conclusion, maternal quercetin consumption does not appear to protect the next generation from high-fat diet–induced hyper cholesterol level in the blood and liver, and consequently overweight, but may help regulate the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of a maternal high-fat diet on offspring behavioral and metabolic parameters in a rodent model

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Johnson ◽  
A. B. Javurek ◽  
M. S. Painter ◽  
C. R. Murphy ◽  
C. M. Conard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Peromyscus Polionotus ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Maternal diet-induced obesity can cause detrimental developmental origins of health and disease in offspring. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to later behavioral and metabolic disturbances, but it is not clear which behaviors and metabolic parameters are most vulnerable. To address this critical gap, biparental and monogamous oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), which may better replicate most human societies, were used in the current study. About 2 weeks before breeding, adult females were placed on a control or HFD and maintained on the diets throughout gestation and lactation. F1 offspring were placed at weaning (30 days of age) on the control diet and spatial learning and memory, anxiety, exploratory, voluntary physical activity, and metabolic parameters were tested when they reached adulthood (90 days of age). Surprisingly, maternal HFD caused decreased latency in initial and reverse Barnes maze trials in male, but not female, offspring. Both male and female HFD-fed offspring showed increased anxiogenic behaviors, but decreased exploratory and voluntary physical activity. Moreover, HFD offspring demonstrated lower resting energy expenditure (EE) compared with controls. Accordingly, HFD offspring weighed more at adulthood than those from control fed dams, likely the result of reduced physical activity and EE. Current findings indicate a maternal HFD may increase obesity susceptibility in offspring due to prenatal programming resulting in reduced physical activity and EE later in life. Further work is needed to determine the underpinning neural and metabolic mechanisms by which a maternal HFD adversely affects neurobehavioral and metabolic pathways in offspring.

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