Gut Prevotella as a possible biomarker of diet and its eubiotic versus dysbiotic roles: a comprehensive literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Precup ◽  
Dan-Cristian Vodnar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe gut microbiota has a profound impact on human health. Emerging data show that dietary patterns are associated with different communities of bacterial species within the gut. Prevotella species have been correlated with plant-rich diets, abundant in carbohydrates and fibres. Dysbiosis within the gut ecosystem has been associated with the development of non-communicable diseases such as obesity, the metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, type 1 diabetes, allergies and other diseases. The purpose of this comprehensive literature review was to evaluate the available data on the impact of diet on the Prevotella genus, as a dietary fibre fermenter in the gut as well as its implications as a potential biomarker for homeostasis or disease state through its metabolite signature. Studies were identified by conducting PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar electronic searches. We found eighty-five publications reporting the impact of dietary patterns on gut microbial communities, including Prevotella or Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio in particular. Moreover, the role of Prevotella species on health status was also evaluated. Prevotella possess a high genetic diversity, representing one of the important groups found in the oral cavity and large intestine of man. The gut commensal Prevotella bacteria contribute to polysaccharide breakdown, being dominant colonisers of agrarian societies. However, studies also suggested a potential role of Prevotella species as intestinal pathobionts. Further metagenomic studies are needed in order to reveal health- or disease-modulating properties of Prevotella species in the gut.

scholarly journals New work: New motivation? A comprehensive literature review on the impact of workplace technologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Schmid ◽  
Michael Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Job Motivation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The role of work and the characteristics of the workplace have changed greatly in recent decades. Today, new technologies enable an almost seamless interaction between machines and humans and allow teams in different countries and time zones to collaborate effectively. In this paper, we focus on the question of how job motivation is affected by technologies in the changing workplace. First, we review the state of research on job motivation and examine challenges in light of current technology trends and predicted developments for the workplace of the future. Job motivation is a well-documented construct connected to several company-relevant performance outcomes. However, our comprehensive literature review reveals a fragmented picture, with several disciplines addressing the topic from various points of view. We identify the four following schools of thought on workplace technologies and motivation: Technology as 1. background music, 2. hygiene factor, 3. motivator, and 4. influencer of mediators. While some scholars neglect technology in their considerations, others describe complex frameworks. This lack of unity reveals a further need for research. We suggest further research to develop holistic frameworks including moderators and to collect empirical data on the complex interactions between technology and job motivation.

scholarly journals Uncovering the Role of Internal CSR on Organizational Attractiveness and Turnover Intention: The Effect of Procedural Justice and Extraversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant Ranjan ◽  
Rama Shankar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Signaling Theory ◽  
Organizational Attractiveness ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Internal Stakeholders ◽  
The Impact

The present study attempts to uncover the impact of internal CSR on internal stakeholders, i.e., employees. Through a comprehensive literature review, relevant variables for the study were identified such as internal CSR, the perception of procedural justice, organizational attentiveness, extraversion, and turnover intention. Drawing on signaling theory, we answer why employee’s willingness to quit an organization is less if the organization performs well on internal CSR front. We also propose that internal CSR increases the organizational attractiveness as it reflects the prevalence of welfare practices and procedural justice in the organization. Since the organization is perceived procedurally just employee's willingness to quit the organization is decidedly less particularly employees having extrovert nature.

Stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion and the impact of early tooth extraction on the dentition state. Literature review

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G.A. Murachueva ◽  
I.M. Rasulov ◽  
S.G. Gusenov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
The Impact

A review of the literature on the stages of the formation of temporary and permanent occlusion has been performed. This stages play an important role not only for the full development of the maxillofacial apparatus, temporomandibular joint, but also the whole organism. The role of early tooth extraction in the formation of the physiological state of the dentoalveolar system is considered. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a deeper study of this problem in the structure of general dental morbidity.

Identifying the Role of Digital Technologies in Sport Spectators Customer Experiences through Qualitative Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glebova ◽  
Michel Desbordes
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Consumption Culture ◽  
International Sport ◽  
The Impact

The massive uptake of digital technologies has changed the way how fans and the sports service field communicate and interact. In the current paper, we would like to emphasize the role of technology holistically in sport spectators customer experiences (SSCX) as a "game-changer" marketing in sports and the digitalization of SSCX. In this paper, we aim to explore and qualitatively describe by interviewees verbatim how new technologies impact SSCX. It draws on the literature review, combined with the primary data collected on unstructured interviews with international sport management and technology experts (N=10). It brings sports marketing insights followed by examples from industry professionals. Iterative analysis of data combined with literature review let us achieve to outline the crucial points and trends of technological transformations in sports spectacle. We offer an updated perspective on the SSCX through the prism of the impact of digital technologies and reshaping sports consumption culture. To this end, we develop a conceptual model that captures the nature of modern SSCX influenced by digital technologies. Keywords: technological transformation, sports spectacle, customer experience, co-creation, connectivity

scholarly journals Molecular and Clinical Characterization of LAG3 in Breast Cancer Through 2994 Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yihang Qi ◽  
Jie Zhai ◽  
Xiangyi Kong ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the promising impact of cancer immunotherapy targeting CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1, a large number of cancer patients fail to respond. LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3), also named CD233, is a protein Coding gene served as alternative inhibitory receptors to be targeted in the clinic. The impact of LAG3 on immune cell populations and co-regulation of immune response in breast cancer remained largely unknown. Methods To characterize the role of LAG3 in breast cancer, we investigated transcriptome data and associated clinical information derived from a total of 2994 breast cancer patients. Results We observed that LAG3 was closely correlated with major molecular and clinical characteristics, and was more likely to be enriched in higher malignant subtype, suggesting LAG3 was a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, we estimated the landscape of relationship between LAG3 and ten types of cell populations in breast cancer. Gene ontology analysis revealed LAG3 were strongly correlated with immune response and inflammatory activities. We investigated the correlation pattern between LAG3 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, especially the synergistic role of LAG3 with other immune checkpoints members in breast cancer. Conclusions LAG3 expression was closely related to malignancy of breast cancer and might serve as a potential biomarker; LAG3 might plays an important role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment, not only T cells, but also other immune cells. More importantly, LAG3 might synergize with CTLA4, PD1/ PDL1 and other immune checkpoints, thereby lending more evidences to combination cancer immunotherapy by targeting LAG3, PD1/PDL1, and CTLA4 together.

A literature review exploring the role of technology in business survival during the Covid-19 lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Sectors

Purpose The Covid-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of human life. Even though the pandemic length was not too long, a huge volume of research relating to Covid-19 has been published in different contexts. This paper aims to review the literature investigating the impact of Covid −19 on businesses generally and explore studies examining the technology role of business survival during the Covid-19 lockdowns specifically. Design/methodology/approach This study implemented the concept of a systematic review approach to review the literature that has been conducted in the business field during the Covid-19 crisis in general. Additionally, it looks into the research examining the role of technology in business survival in the Covid-19 crisis specifically. All studies were conducted in 2020. A total of 53 studies were identified and categorised into different themes. The research methods, theories and locations have also been analysed. Findings It was found that Covid-19 pandemic has affected all business sectors in several ways. Technology adoption has a critical role for business survival during the Covid-19 crises especially with small businesses. Very limited research has been conducted on the adoption of different technologies during the Covid-19 lockdowns. Originality/value This study presents the most frequent themes and topics that have been explored in the literature during the Covid-19 crisis in the business field. It highlights the methods used in addition to the theories and research locations present in this literature. Finally, it proposes the possible implications of this literature review.

The Role of the Individual in ICT Standardisation

2015 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Kai Jakobs
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Shaping Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Shaping ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Standards Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the influence individuals have in the ICT standards development process. The chapter draws upon ideas underlying the theory of the Social Shaping of Technology (SST). Looking through the SST lens, a number of non-technical factors that influence ICT standards development are identified. A literature review on the role of the individual in ICT standards setting and a case study of the IEEE 802.11 Working Group (WG) show that in a standards body's WG, the backgrounds, skills, attitudes, and behaviour of the individual WG members are crucially important factors. Yet, the case study also shows that in most cases employees tend to represent the ideas and goals of their respective employer. The chapter observes that the non-technical factors are ignored all too often in the literature. It argues that a better understanding of the impact and interplay of these factors, specifically including the skills and attitudes of the WG members, will have significant implications both theoretical and managerial.

The Role of Family in Youth Opioid Misuse: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovdeep Kaur ◽  
Eman Tadros ◽  
Rikki Patton
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Objective: With the opioid epidemic reaching declared a public health emergency in recent years, a synthesis of recent knowledge outlining the impact of opioid use disorders on youth and families is needed. To this aim, this exploratory literature review examined how the role of family is discussed in research on youth opioid misuse, with the goal of acting as a springboard for further research and treatment development that could mitigate the negative impacts opioids are having on families and youth. Method: Peer-reviewed journal articles between 2008 and 2018 were accessed through PsycINFO in March 2018. A total of 279 unduplicated articles were identified through the search. Upon abstract and full-text review, a total of 21 articles met criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Findings: Overall, the role of the family in adolescent opioid misuse was not commonly discussed in the literature, with 21 of 279 (7.5%) of articles meeting inclusion criteria for the current study. In the included articles, the following major themes were identified: (1) family factors affecting adolescent opioid misuse behavior and (2) family’s role in treatment of adolescent opioid misuse. Conclusions: The review evidences there is a relative paucity of literature on relational variables and youth opioid misuse. More practice-based scholarship, as well as more rigorous clinical research, is needed to inform future steps for clinical processes, policy, and research.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model Proposal: Universities as Culture Change Agents for Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dzimińska ◽  
Justyna Fijałkowska ◽  
Łukasz Sułkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Culture Change ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quality Culture ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to propose a conceptual model that synthesizes the existing findings concerning universities as culture change agents for sustainable development. The model could serve as a guidance on how universities might get involved in the pro-SD activities. It also underlines the prerequisite of the quality culture that should be introduced within all the activities of universities to successfully act as culture change agents for SD. This paper builds upon the holistic and inter-disciplinary approach to demonstrate that SD does not happen in isolation and that the role of universities in its creation is significant. This study includes a literature review to contextualize the impact of universities on culture and their potential role in SD. The conclusions stemming from the literature review materialize in the proposal of the conceptual model of the university as the culture change agent for SD. The elaborated framework responds to the need for greater clarity, ordering and systematization of the role of universities in the processes of initiating, promoting and modelling the SD-oriented changes while appreciating the role of culture as an enabler, means of social change and a result of SD-focused interventions. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a novel perspective on the assumed interrelations between university, its quality culture, university main operations such as education, research and engagement with the society as well as the culture and the agency of stakeholders in the context of meeting the world’s current demands without compromising the needs of future generations.

scholarly journals The role of telecare in supporting the needs of elderly people

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Brownsell ◽  
Hazel Aldred ◽  
Mark S Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Consideration

A literature review was conducted to identify the 'trigger factors' associated with a need for increased levels of care and support for elderly people. An expert panel then prioritized the trigger factors into one of five bands of importance. The literature review produced 2037 hits. Of these, 1768 were excluded after reading the abstract and 111 after reading the full paper, leaving 158 papers for inclusion in the review. From these papers, 102 unique factors that triggered a need for greater care and support among elderly people were identified. The expert panel ranked 36 of the trigger factors into the top three bands of importance. Subsequent analysis suggested that telecare could be used to assist, prevent or minimise the impact of some 66% of these 36 trigger factors and 75% of the top 12 factors. This suggests that telecare has a significant role to play in the support of elderly people and should be a major consideration when re-designing services.

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