Association between added sugar intake and overall diet quality in the Finnish adult population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Rilla Tammi ◽  
Mirkka Maukonen ◽  
Satu Männistö ◽  
Laura Sares-Jäske ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Added sugar intake has been associated with several health issues, but few studies have examined its association with overall diet quality. We aimed at examining the association between added sugar intake and overall diet quality in Finnish adults. Associations between added sugar intake and sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and BMI were also explored. Our data comprised 5094 adults residing in Finland who participated in the National FinHealth 2017 Study. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Food consumption and nutrient intakes were calculated using the Finnish national food composition database. Added sugar intake was estimated based on food categorization and identifying naturally occurring sugar sources. Overall diet quality was assessed by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. The average added sugar intake was 7.6E% in women and 8.3E% in men in this study population. Added sugar intake was inversely associated with education (P=0.03 women; P=0.001 men), physical activity (P<0.0001), and BMI in men (P=0.003), and directly with smoking (P=0.002 women; P<0.0001 men). Added sugar intake was inversely associated with overall diet quality in both sexes (P<0.0001). No interactions were found except for men’s physical activity subgroups, the inverse association being stronger among active men than moderately active or inactive men (P for interaction=0.005). Our findings suggest that high added sugar intake is associated with several unhealthy dietary and lifestyle habits, including poor-quality diets, smoking, and leisure-time inactivity in Finnish adults. Efforts to improve diet quality should consider added sugar intake equally in the whole population.

scholarly journals Screen Time is Related to Dietary Intake in Children at 24-Months-of-Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1035-1035
Author(s):  
Arden McMath ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Barbara Fiese ◽  
Sharon Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Screen Use

Abstract Objectives Screen time throughout childhood is positively related to anthropometric measures, mediated partially through its impact on diet quality. Existing literature lacks specific data for 24 months (24MN) children and focuses primarily on television screen time rather than all sources of screen time (smart phones, tablets, and video streaming services). Thus, we explored the relationship between screen device usage and diet quality at this early age. Methods Parents and 24MN children (N = 396) were recruited from the STRONGKids 2 cohort study. Data included parent and child anthropometric measurements, physical activity time (Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids Survey), dietary intake (Block Food Frequency Questionnaires), and the types and duration of screen time usage by the child (Common Sense Media Survey). Calories from macronutrients, sweets, added sugar, dietary fiber, and fruit and vegetable consumption were used to assess diet quality. Results 26% of children exceeded the Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines of &lt;2 h screen time per day. TV, DVDs, and shows on cellphones accounted for 79% of child screen time. 26% of children were overweight or obese, although BMI z-score at 24 MN was not related to screen time, physical activity time, or diet factors. Parent and child diet quality were related.; However, independent of parent diet, education, ethnicity, gender, and BMI, total screen time were associated with kcal consumed through sweets (r = 0.147, P = 0.014), added sugar intake in grams (r = 0.137, P = 0.023), and fruit consumption (r = −0.235, P &lt; 0.001). Passive screen use (TV, DVDs, shows on a cell phone or computer) was associated with total kcals (r = 0.127, P = 0.036), kcals from sweets (r = 0.137, P = 0.023) and added sugar intake (r = 0.138, P = 0.022), and fruit (r = −0.260, P &lt; 0.001) and vegetable consumption (r = −0.119, P = 0.049). Active screen use (playing games on a console, computer, cell phone, or other handheld device) was related to % fat intake (r = −0.119, P = 0.048). Conclusions Total and passive screen time at 24 MN are associated with factors indicative of poor diet quality, which could negatively impact child health. Funding Sources Supported by the NIH and the National Dairy Council. Arden McMath was supported by a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) fellowship.

scholarly journals Consumption of added sugars and development of metabolic syndrome components among a sample of youth at risk of obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
JiaWei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake

Previous evidence showed controversial links between added sugar intake, diet quality, and increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (abdominal adiposity, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and hypertriglyceridemia) in youth, and most studied only its liquid source of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). To better understand the extent of the detrimental effects of added sugars from both liquid and solid sources to diets in terms of nutrient and food intake and metabolic consequences in children, 3 studies were undertaken to (i) quantify the associations of added sugar intake with overall diet quality and adiposity indicators; (ii) assess whether excess weight and glucose tolerance status modifies the associations between consumption of added sugars and MetS components; and (iii) evaluate whether consumption of added sugars predicts the development of MetS components over time. Data for these studies were obtained from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort. Caucasian children (8 to 10 years at baseline, N = 630) with at least 1 obese biological parent were recruited from 1040 Quebec primary schools and followed-up 2 years later (N = 564). Dietary intake, including added sugars (liquid vs. solid) and Canadian Healthy Eating Index (HEI-C) was assessed in three 24-h recalls at baseline. Adiposity indicators included measured height and weight for body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, waist circumference (WC), and fat mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at fasting and by oral glucose tolerance tests to calculate the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda IS index (Matsuda-ISI). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), concentration of triglycerides and HDL-C were measured by standard instruments. Multivariate linear regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, pubertal status (by Tanner stage), energy intake, fat mass, and physical activity (by 7-day accelerometer). The main findings include the following: (i) Higher consumption of added sugars from SSB or solid sources was associated with lower nutrient density and lower HEI-C. Positive associations with adiposity indicators were observed with consumption of added sugars from liquid sources only. (ii) Higher SSB consumption was associated with higher HOMA-IR and higher SBP among overweight children (≥85th BMI percentile), as well as higher SBP and higher WC among children with impaired glucose tolerance. These associations with metabolic indicators were not observed among children whose BMI was below 85th percentile. (iii) No association with added sugar intake was observed for 2-year changes in adiposity, but higher consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with higher fasting glucose, higher fasting insulin, higher HOMA-IR, and lower Matsuda-ISI. In conclusion, this thesis suggested that consumption of added sugars from both solid and liquid sources was associated with a lower overall diet quality, but only added sugars from liquid sources was associated with adiposity indicators. Cross-sectional links with higher levels of SSB intake and MetS components were more evident among overweight/obese and glucose-intolerant children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity over 2 years, but was clearly associated with development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. This thesis presents further evidence on the nutritional and metabolic consequences of consuming added sugar from liquid and solid sources.

scholarly journals Diet Quality Measured by Healthy Eating Index-2015 is Inversely Associated with Depression: NHANES 2011–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 568-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
St John Katherine ◽  
David Gee
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sugar Intake

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between diet quality and self-reported depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Methods A total of 8448 adults over the age of 20 were included in this study. Dietary data were based on 24-hour diet recalls and diet quality was measured using the USDA Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. Symptoms of depression were assessed by trained interviewers using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Logistic regression models determined whether HEI-2015 scores differed between depressed and non-depressed adults after controlling for age, gender, poverty income ratio, and body mass index. Additional logistic regression models examined the association of HEI-2015 diet components and risk of depression. Results The overall prevalence of depression in this sample was 9.3%. Rates of depression were higher among women, middle-aged adults, obese subjects, and those of lower socioeconomic status. Compared to non-depressed adults (n = 7665), depressed adults (n = 783) had a lower total HEI-2015 score. HEI-2015 score was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) and inversely associated with depressive symptoms, both before and after adjusting for covariates. Greater intake of whole fruit, total protein, and lower added sugar intake was associated with a reduced risk of depression. Conclusions Dietitians should be aware that depressed patients may be consuming less-optimal diets than the non-depressed population and should assess diet quality. Lower intakes of whole fruit, total protein, and higher added sugar intake in particular may be prevalent in those with depressive symptoms. All health professionals should encourage a better balanced diet, and a diet pattern that adheres to the 2015–2020 DGA should be promoted for overall health. Funding Sources Central Washington University.

scholarly journals Use of the Dietary Guideline Index to assess cardiometabolic risk in adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1741-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Chan She Ping-Delfos ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
Sally Burrows ◽  
Trevor A. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Raine Study ◽  
Dietary Guideline

The long-term adherence to the dietary guidelines has not been evaluated against emergence of cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with increasing rates of obesity. The present study aimed to (1) determine the level of adherence to the guidelines using the Australian Dietary Guideline Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) in adolescents of age 14 and 17 years and to (2) examine the relationship between their assessed diet quality and concurrently measured cardiometabolic risk factors over time. Data were analysed from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. The DGI-CA was determined from a FFQ. Anthropometry and fasting biochemical measures were taken using standard procedures. Hierarchical linear mixed models examined associations between cardiometabolic risk factors and DGI-CA, adjusting for socio-economic status, physical activity, BMI, and sex, and examining for interactions. The mean DGI-CA scores were 47·1 (sd 10·2) at 14 years (n 1419) and 47·7 (sd 11·0) at 17 years (n 843), and were not different between sex. There was a significant inverse association between DGI-CA and insulin, homeostasis model assessment score and heart rate. The DGI-CA was positively associated with BMI (P= 0·029) but negatively with waist:hip ratio (P= 0·026). It was not associated with lipids or blood pressure, with the exception of a negative association with TAG (P= 0·011). The degree of adherence in the Raine Study adolescents was suboptimal but similar to the Australian Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The present study shows that, at any particular time, better diet quality was associated with better insulin sensitivity and TAG levels and decreased abdominal fatness.

scholarly journals Added sugar intake and metabolic syndrome in US adolescents: cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2424-2434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Rodríguez ◽  
Kristine A Madsen ◽  
Carolyn Cotterman ◽  
Robert H Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between added sugar intake and metabolic syndrome among adolescents.DesignDietary, serum biomarker, anthropometric and physical activity data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles between 2005 and 2012 were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models. Added sugar intake in grams per day was estimated from two 24 h standardized dietary recalls and then separated into quintiles from lowest to highest consumption. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake, and their interactions with race were included.SettingNationally representative sample, USA.SubjectsUS adolescents aged 12–19 years (n 1623).ResultsAdded sugar was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. The adjusted prevalence odds ratios for having metabolic syndrome comparing adolescents in the third, fourth and fifth quintiles v. those in the lowest quintile of added sugar were 5·3 (95 % CI 1·4, 20·6), 9·9 (95 % CI 1·9, 50·9) and 8·7 (95 % CI 1·4, 54·9), respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that higher added sugar intake, independent of total energy intake, physical activity or BMI Z-score, is associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in US adolescents. Further studies are needed to determine if reducing intake of added sugar may help US adolescents prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kibblewhite ◽  
A Nettleton ◽  
R McLean ◽  
J Haszard ◽  
E Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reduction of free or added sugar intake (sugars added to food and drinks as a sweetener) is almost universally recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases and dental caries. The World Health Organisation recommends intakes of free sugars of less than 10% of energy intake. However, estimating and monitoring intakes at the population level is challenging because free sugars cannot be analytically distinguished from naturally occurring sugars and most national food composition databases do not include data on free or added sugars. We developed free and added sugar estimates for the New Zealand (NZ) food composition database (FOODfiles 2010) by adapting a method developed for Australia. We reanalyzed the 24 h recall dietary data collected for 4721 adults aged 15 years and over participating in the nationally representative 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey to estimate free and added sugar intakes. The median estimated intake of free and added sugars was 57 and 49 g/day respectively and 42% of adults consumed less than 10% of their energy intake from free sugars. This approach provides more direct estimates of the free and added sugar contents of New Zealand foods than previously available and will enable monitoring of adherence to free sugar intake guidelines in future.

scholarly journals The association of diet quality and lifestyle factors in children and adults with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Papanastasiou ◽  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Pantelis Papanastasiou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quality Diet

Eating habits of individuals with learning and behavioral difficulties is an important and emerging area of ​​nutrition expertise. An unhealthy diet, combined with limited physical activity, is linked with an increased risk of chronic diseases and a lower quality of life. The study aims to review in a systematic way evidence on: (a) the relationship between diet quality and ADHD; and (b) the effect of three lifestyle factors, physical activity, quality of sleep, and stress on children and adults with ADHD. In December 2020, we searched for relevant articles in PubMed and Scopus. The studies included were those that assessed diet, physical activity, sleep, and stress, of children and adults with ADHD. We identified a total of eighteen studies with an invasive and observational approach that matched our research criteria. Fourteen of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis showed that a high-diet quality decreases the prevalence of ADHD in children (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.70), while a poor diet quality is associated with an increased risk of ADHD in both children and adults (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.49-3.65). Also, a poor lifestyle indicates a higher prevalence of ADHD in both children and adults (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.43-2.61). This study is limited to its ability to extract data from some of the included studies while sampling was limited due to the absence of studies in adults with ADHD. The present study suggests that a high-quality diet with increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fish, may be protective against ADHD in children. On top of that, a poor-quality diet with higher consumption of sugar, sweetened drinks, and junk food, as well as a lifestyle that is characterized by reduced sleep and physical activity can be associated with increased risk of ADHD, for both children and adults. The current domain needs more experimental data

scholarly journals Estimating free and added sugar intakes in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kibblewhite ◽  
A Nettleton ◽  
R McLean ◽  
J Haszard ◽  
E Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake

© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reduction of free or added sugar intake (sugars added to food and drinks as a sweetener) is almost universally recommended to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases and dental caries. The World Health Organisation recommends intakes of free sugars of less than 10% of energy intake. However, estimating and monitoring intakes at the population level is challenging because free sugars cannot be analytically distinguished from naturally occurring sugars and most national food composition databases do not include data on free or added sugars. We developed free and added sugar estimates for the New Zealand (NZ) food composition database (FOODfiles 2010) by adapting a method developed for Australia. We reanalyzed the 24 h recall dietary data collected for 4721 adults aged 15 years and over participating in the nationally representative 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey to estimate free and added sugar intakes. The median estimated intake of free and added sugars was 57 and 49 g/day respectively and 42% of adults consumed less than 10% of their energy intake from free sugars. This approach provides more direct estimates of the free and added sugar contents of New Zealand foods than previously available and will enable monitoring of adherence to free sugar intake guidelines in future.

scholarly journals Promoting Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and Life-Skills in High School Athletes: Results from the WAVE Ripples for Change Childhood Obesity Prevention Two-Year Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Meng ◽  
Melinda Manore ◽  
John Schuna ◽  
Megan Patton-Lopez ◽  
Adam Branscum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in diet and daily physical activity (PA) in high school (HS) soccer players who participated in either a two-year obesity prevention intervention or comparison group, while controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Participants (n = 388; females = 58%; Latino = 38%; 15.3 ± 1.1 years, 38% National School Breakfast/Lunch Program) were assigned to either an intervention (n = 278; 9 schools) or comparison group (n = 110; 4 schools) based on geographical location. Pre/post intervention assessment of diet was done using Block Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener, and daily steps was done using the Fitbit-Zip. Groups were compared over-time for mean changes (post-pre) in fruit/vegetables (FV), saturated fat (SF), added sugar, and PA (daily steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA) using analysis of covariance. The two-year intervention decreased mean added sugar intake (−12.1 g/day, CI (7.4, 16.8), p = 0.02); there were no differences in groups for FV or SF intake (p = 0.89). For both groups, PA was significantly higher in-soccer (9937 steps/day) vs. out-of-soccer season (8117 steps/day), emphasizing the contribution of organized sports to youth daily PA. At baseline, Latino youth had significantly higher added sugar intake (+14 g/day, p < 0.01) than non-Latinos. Targeting active youth in a diet/PA intervention improves diet, but out of soccer season youth need engagement to maintain PA (200).

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