The Climatology of Blowfly Myiasis.

1949 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Sun And Shade

Records of oviposition by blowflies on test groups of sheep, over a five-year period, were examined for relation between the rate of oviposition per day and the conventional meteorological indices of daily weather conditions. There was a definite correspondence with the maximum shade temperature for the day. The relation was not straight-line, the slope changing at between 18 and 20°C. The association with the minimum temperature was not significant. Insolation, as measured by the difference between maximum temperatures in the sun and shade, was positively associated with oviposition.The humidity indices—evaporating power of the air and the saturation deficit—and the ratio of the daily totals of rain and evaporation, showed a low correlation ; the rainfall correlation was barely significant. The association was in no instance statistically reliable.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pembayangan yang dihasilkan Pohon dan Bangunan di Koridor Jalan Perkotaan Untuk Mencapai Kenyamanan Termal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Jockie Zudhy Fibrianto ◽  
Mochamad Hilmy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analysis Phase ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Road Corridors ◽  
East West

The road corridor in Pontianak City has different shading output depending on the sun orientation. The difference has caused a temperature difference that affects the pedestrian thermal comfort along the corridor. Identification and measurement of shading temperatures that occur due to buildings and trees were carried out for three days in each afternoon with relatively similar weather conditions. The road corridor that becomes the research location was at A. Yani St.-Gajah Mada St.-Tanjung Pura St., which has a North-South orientation and Teuku Umar St.-Diponegoro St.-Sisingamangaraja St., who has an East-West direction. The analysis phase is done by comparing the effectiveness of imagery produced by buildings and trees. After that, the identification and measurement results are compared with Indonesian thermal comfort standards SNI T-14-1993-03 to obtain suitable thermal comfort in the road corridors in Pontianak City.

scholarly journals I. Numerical elements of Indian meteorology.—Series II. Insolation, and its connexion with atmospheric moisture

1865 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 111-112
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Different Parts

The author regards as an approximate measure of insolation the difference of the maximum temperatures observed by two similar thermometers one in the sun, and the other in the shade, disturbing influences being as much as possible avoided in both cases, and the observations being confined to those days on which the sun shone sufficiently clearly to cast a distinct shadow during some part of the interval between noon and 4 p .m . Comparing the differences of insolation in different parts of India and in different seasons, he is led to regard insolation as dependent greatly on relative humidity. Thus, generally speaking, it is greater on the seaboard than in the interior of India.

Specifying Weather Conditions from the 700-mb Height and the Sea-Level Pressure Patterns

1958 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Iver A. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Weather Index ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Level Pressure ◽  
Ceiling Height ◽  
The Difference

The coefficient of rank correlation was computed between daily weather charts and “ideal” map types. This coefficient was used as a predictor to specify the ceiling height at a station. The effectiveness of this predictor was compared to that of a slightly different predictor which weighted the differences in rank. It was found that weighting the differences improved the predictor. A “weather index” was derived from a combination of three predictors which weighted the differences in rank and one predictor which gave the difference in pressure between two points. This index was used to obtain an estimate of the occurrence probability of several categories of ceiling height.

EFFECT OF DAILY WEATHER CONDITIONS ON BLOAT IN CATTLE FED FRESH ALFALFA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. HALL ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
R. J. WILLIAMS ◽  
R. E. HOWARTH
Keyword(s):  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux ◽  
The Difference

Daily weather records from seven consecutive growing seasons and daily nitrogen levels in alfalfa herbage from the last four seasons were studied in order to identify relationships with bloat in cattle. The cattle tended to bloat as a group rather than independently. Bloat occurred on at least 30% of the days observed in each season but in the two driest, warmest years the percentages increased to 46 and 63. Days on which bloat occurred were preceded by lower maximum and minimum temperatures on the average than days on which bloat did not occur but the difference in temperature was small. On a daily basis no differences were observed between days of bloat and no bloat in hours of sunshine, temperature range, precipitation, solar radiation flux or potential evapotranspiration. The concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen in the feed was higher on days when bloat occurred than when it did not occur. Key words: Pasture bloat, alfalfa, cattle, climate, evapotranspiration

scholarly journals Connection of fertilization conditions of sour cherry and meteorological parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lakatos ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
M. Soltész ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
M. C. Dussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Our analyses showed that the degree of free fertilization is mostly influenced by maximum temperature and sunshine duration.We found that free fertilization ratio increases with higher daily maximum temperatures; similar results characterise sunshine duration as well, namely we observed higher free fertilization ratio at higher sunshine duration values. Total amount of precipitation during the period between blossoming and maturity and the difference between the average daytime and night temperatures have an important role in the tendency of maturity time. Photosynthesis and respiration are essentially significant in the development of biological systems. These two processes are mostly regulated by the daytime and night temperatures. Therefore, it is not surprising that if the difference between daytime and night temperatures is large, it means intensive photosynthesis and a low degree of respiratory loss. Under these conditions intensive development and ripening can take place; however, in case of a low temperature difference intensive respiration slows down the process of development. Duration of ripening is also significantly influenced by the amount of precipitation of the period between blossoming and maturity.Abundant precipitation slows down the process of ripening, while dry weather accelerates it. Self-fertilization takes place in a space isolated from the environment. In spite of that, we found that effectiveness of self-pollination significantly depends on the meteorological conditions. Degree of self-fertilization is influenced directly by temperature and indirectly by other climatic parameters. We found a significant connection between the values of maximum and minimum temperatures during blossoming and the ratio of self-fertilization. Increase of maximum temperature reduces the effectiveness of self-pollination.A 1 °C increase of maximum temperature reduces self-fertilization ratio by 0,6%. In the case of minimum temperature we can state that the morning minimum temperature of 7,5–8,5°C is the most favourable. If minimum temperatures are under 4 °C or above 12 °C, self-fertilization ratio reduces to the quarter of the value characteristic at 8 °C. We believe that the effectiveness of self-fertilization can be improved considerably by the rational placement of isolator bags within the crown area, avoiding their placement to the external, western crown surface.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

scholarly journals Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Leonardo Nanni Costa ◽  
Barbara Padalino
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Variable Space ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Poor Welfare ◽  
Group 1

This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals XXIII.—On the Disruptive Discharge of Electricity: An Experimental Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Science, Department A

1878 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Macfarlane
Keyword(s):  
Copper Wire ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Summer Session ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Metallic Parts ◽  
The University

The experiments to which I shall refer were carried out in the physical laboratory of the University during the late summer session. I was ably assisted in conducting the experiments by three students of the laboratory,—Messrs H. A. Salvesen, G. M. Connor, and D. E. Stewart. The method which was used of measuring the difference of potential required to produce a disruptive discharge of electricity under given conditions, is that described in a paper communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1876 in the names of Mr J. A. Paton, M. A., and myself, and was suggested to me by Professor Tait as a means of attacking the experimental problems mentioned below.The above sketch which I took of the apparatus in situ may facilitate tha description of the method. The receiver of an air-pump, having a rod capable of being moved air-tight up and down through the neck, was attached to one of the conductors of a Holtz machine in such a manner that the conductor of the machine and the rod formed one conducting system. Projecting from the bottom of the receiver was a short metallic rod, forming one conductor with the metallic parts of the air-pump, and by means of a chain with the uninsulated conductor of the Holtz machine. Brass balls and discs of various sizes were made to order, capable of being screwed on to the ends of the rods. On the table, and at a distance of about six feet from the receiver, was a stand supporting two insulated brass balls, the one fixed, the other having one degree of freedom, viz., of moving in a straight line in the plane of the table. The fixed insulated ball A was made one conductor with the insulated conductor of the Holtz and the rod of the receiver, by means of a copper wire insulated with gutta percha, having one end stuck firmly into a hole in the collar of the receiver, and having the other fitted in between the glass stem and the hollow in the ball, by which it fitted on to the stem tightly. A thin wire similarly fitted in between the ball B and its insulating stem connected the ball with the insulated half ring of a divided ring reflecting electrometer.

scholarly journals Controlling Shipping Along the North European Trade Axis

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
D. J. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Baltic

By the North European Trade Axis is meant the trade route from Ushant and Land's End, up the English Channel, through the Dover Strait fanning out to serve eastern England, the north coast of continental Europe and leading to the Baltic Basin. Recent events in this area have left a feeling that some form of tightening of control is not only desirable, but is rapidly becoming imperative. There is a basic conflict between the two forms of shipping using the area: the local users who use the area more or less constantly, and the long-distance traders, usually much larger, which arrive in the area for a brief stay after a prolonged period at sea, which has usually been in good weather conditions. Frequently these latter ships have a very poor notion of the hornet's nest into which they are steaming when they arrive. The net result is all too often the same: the local users, with familiarity breeding contempt, wander about as they see fit, with scant regard for routing or the regulations; all too often the big ships arrive from sea with navigating staffs who are too confused, sometimes too ignorant—and sometimes too terrified—to do much more than blunder forward in a straight line hoping for the best. Quite obviously this is not a total picture, and there are large numbers of ships which navigate perfectly competently, but the minority of those which do not seem to be rising rapidly, and show every sign of continuing to increase.

scholarly journals How dim is dim? Precision of the celestial compass in moonlight and sunlight

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1565) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dacke ◽  
M. J. Byrne ◽  
E. Baird ◽  
C. H. Scholtz ◽  
E. J. Warrant
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetle ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Polarization Pattern ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Celestial Orientation ◽  
Polarization Compass ◽  
Celestial Compass ◽  
Diurnal Species

Prominent in the sky, but not visible to humans, is a pattern of polarized skylight formed around both the Sun and the Moon. Dung beetles are, at present, the only animal group known to use the much dimmer polarization pattern formed around the Moon as a compass cue for maintaining travel direction. However, the Moon is not visible every night and the intensity of the celestial polarization pattern gradually declines as the Moon wanes. Therefore, for nocturnal orientation on all moonlit nights, the absolute sensitivity of the dung beetle's polarization detector may limit the precision of this behaviour. To test this, we studied the straight-line foraging behaviour of the nocturnal ball-rolling dung beetle Scarabaeus satyrus to establish when the Moon is too dim—and the polarization pattern too weak—to provide a reliable cue for orientation. Our results show that celestial orientation is as accurate during crescent Moon as it is during full Moon. Moreover, this orientation accuracy is equal to that measured for diurnal species that orient under the 100 million times brighter polarization pattern formed around the Sun. This indicates that, in nocturnal species, the sensitivity of the optical polarization compass can be greatly increased without any loss of precision.

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