Studies on the Coconut Pest, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown (Coreidae), in Zanzibar.

1959 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Vanderplank
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Oecophylla Longinoda ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Acreage ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIn the second of this series of papers on the losses caused by the Coreid, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown, to coconuts in Zanzibar, descriptions are given in summary form of a number of Government-owned plantations of coconuts on the island, together with the yields recorded over the 12 years, 1944–55. The variation from year to year in any group of plantations is not large, and over all those considered does not exceed 25·8 per cent, of the 12-year mean.In the plantations on poorer soils, predominantly occupied by the ants Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) or A. custodiens (F. Sm.), the vidaka damage rate (V.D.R.) during 1955 varied from 60–80. The plantations on better soils are occupied predominantly by a complex of Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) and Pheidole punctulata Mayr and the V.D.R. determined on a part of these in 1955–56 varied from approximately 41 to 55, with a mean of 47·1. The mean value of the V.D.R. calculated from 200 localities taken at random in Zanzibar during June–August 1955 was 60·6. Taking a value of 50 as a conservative estimate of the V.D.R. for the whole island, and inserting this in the regression equation Y = a + bX relating yield (Y) with V.D.R. (X), derived in the first of this series of papers, together with the average values of the constants a and b obtained therein, it is shown that about two-thirds of the potential crop of coconuts is lost as a result of damage by P. wayi.Comparison of the yields from palms occupied by Oecophylla in two of the plantations on better soil with those of the whole of those plantations suggests that about one-half of the potential crop is being lost.The annual value of the total exports of unconverted nuts and coconut products (copra and coconut oil) varied from £636,254 to £1,008,194 during 1949–56, and the annual value of the total production of nuts, calculated from the estimated total acreage (104,000), the number of palms per acre (50), the 12-year average yield per palm on Government-owned plantations (22·5 nuts per annum) and the market price in 1948–56 (Shgs. (E.A.) 90–150 per thousand nuts), is £526,500 to £877,500. Taking into consideration the lower and upper estimates of the amount of crop lost and of the value of what remains, the minimum and maximum estimates of the financial loss caused by P. wayi in Zanzibar are of the order of £500,000 and £2 million, respectively.

Fertility investigations on the black earth wheatlands of the Darling Downs, Queensland. III. Mineral nitrogen in the soil and its relation to the wheat crop

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Waring ◽  
LJH Teakle
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Growing Crop

The level of mineral nitrogen in the soil under fallow and crop was measured for the years 1951 to 1953. Relationships of mineral nitrogen at planting to yield and nitrogen content of wheat grain and straw were examined. Values for nitrate nitrogen at the end of the fallow period ranged most commonly from 10 to 20 µg/g in the surface 2 ft and from 0 to 10 µg/g at 2-4 ft. Approximately one-third of the sites showed an increase from the third to the fourth foot. One site showed extremely high values throughout the profile, particularly at 3-4 ft where a value of 127 µg/g was recorded. Values for ammonia nitrogen were most commonly in the range of 0-3 µg/g . Under the growing crop, mineral nitrogen declined for most depths in the period from planting up to September or October, after which there was little further change to harvest. Uptake of mineral nitrogen was normally greatest from the surface 2 ft of soil. Below 3 ft there were two groups of sites. One group showed moderate to high uptake and the second group low uptake. The low uptake in the latter group provides a reason for mineral nitrogen accumulation below 3 ft at some sites. Mineral nitrogen to 4 ft at planting averaged 126 lb/ac, excluding the one site with exceptionally high values. This was double the mean value of 63 lb/ac for nitrogen recovered in grain and straw, for crops planted in May-June. These figures, combined with trends in the soil under crop, suggest that most of the nitrogen used by the crop was derived from that in the soil at planting. Correlations between mineral nitrogen at planting and grain yield were mostly non-significant, suggesting that in general nitrogen was not an important factor limiting yield. Low grain yield and protein percentage were recorded at a number of sites which had been cultivated more than 50 years.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE WAFA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ANAK MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN DI MI AL-HIDAYAH MANGKUJAJAR KEMBANGBAHU LAMONGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Musa'adatul Fithriyah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The Qur'an learning is very fundamental in Islamic education, especially in elementary education. The Qur'an is one of the subjects that must be taught to children. Early education in the Qur'an is expected to produce young people having a strong mental foundation, education not only makes children as prosperous in the world, but also provides sufficient provisions to both improve their religion and practice their scriptures. To be able to practice the Holy Qur'an correctly, children must be guided and taught how to read the Qur'an properly in accordance with the rules of true recitation. In fact the Qur'an learning at MI AL-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan initially tended to be monotonous for being dominated by conventional learning methods. As a result,  the Qur'an learning only produced generations that could read the Qur'an with the average ability without any sense of love and closeness to the Qur'an instead of having enthusiasm in learning it well. As time goes by, the Qur'an learning at MI Al-Hidayah has increasingly developed by applying the so-called Wafa method. This method teaches children to be able to read and memorize the Qur'an by maximizing the right brain. This is classified as a new method, but it is quite practical and fun in the learning process. The research was aimed at determining the effect of the Wafa method on the ability of children to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan. The research method is quantitative with the experimental type of one group pretest-post test, data analysis techniques use the mean pretest and posttest, in addition, to testing the hypothesis it uses the Paired Sample T-Test with the SPSS 16. The results showed the influence of the Wafa method on the children ability to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan. It was proven from the results of the analysis through the mean pretest formula, it was obtained a value of 82.92 and increased in the acquisition of the mean value of posttest amounted to 85.75. In addition, in the Paired Sample T-Test based on significance values with SPSS 16, it is known that the Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0,000 <0,05, because sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 is smaller than 0.05, then the hypothesis is accepted and it could be concluded that there is an influence of the WAFA Method on the ability to read the Qur'an at MI Al-Hidayah Mangkujajar Kembangbahu Lamongan.

scholarly journals Surface Radio Refractivity of Akure and Ondo town, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
IP Onujagbe ◽  
F Ahmed-Ade ◽  
M Mopah ◽  
AJ David
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
K Value ◽  
Earth Radius ◽  
A Value ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Mean

The surface radio refractivity, refractivity gradient at 1km above ground surface and the effective earth radius factor, K over Akure and Ondo town of South west Nigeria has been investigated using Ten (10) years daily data of the meteorological parameters of Pressure, air temperature and humidity. The result showed that the mean monthly value of the surface refractivity at the Ondo station is generally slightly higher than that of Akure. The monthly mean value of refractivity at the two stations was found to be strongly correlated with a value of 0.915. The most negative refractive gradient value observed at Ondo and Akure are of -46.48N-units/km and -45.64N-units/km respectively and the least effective earth radius factor, k value of 1.421 and 1.410 were observed at the station respectively. These results showed that the Ondo and Akure station were generally super-refractive. The Ondo station was however found to be slightly more super-refractive than the Akure station.

scholarly journals PROGRESSION OF AUTOANTIBODIES ANTI-GAD AND ANTI-IA2 IN TYPE 1A DIABETICS AGED OF 5 TO 21 YEARS IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïssé Florence Judith Trébissou ◽  
Chiayé Claire Antoinette Yapo-Crezoit ◽  
Pascal Sibailly ◽  
Mamadou Sanogo ◽  
Amos Ankotché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Gad Autoantibodies ◽  
A Value ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes autoantibodies are indispensable markers of diabetes classification.Objectiveto research autoantibodies anti-GAD and anti-IA2 in type 1A diabetics (T1D) aged 5 to 21 years, and to follow the progression of these autoantibodies in T1D patients, in Côte d’Ivoire.MethodsThe study population composed of 28 T1D patients, aged 5 to 21 years. T1D were followed up in two diabetes care centers in Abidjan district, Endocrinology departments of U.H.C of Yopougon and Treichville. Anti-GAD and anti-IA2 autoantibodies were researched by ELISA.Resultsanti-GAD and anti-IA2 were present in T1D and their siblings. After 2 years of diabetes, the titer of the anti-GAD autoantibodies increased to the mean value of 677.10 ± 353.20 IU / ml. Then, a fall of the anti-GAD autoantibodies until the cancellation was observed from the 8th to the 9th with values of 117 IU / ml to 10.14 IU / ml. Anti-IA2 autoantibodies fall at 9th year of diabetes with a value of 55.10 IU / ml.Conclusionanti-GAD and anti-IA2 autoantibodies persist after 9 years of diabetes, causing total destruction over time of the pancreatic β-cell mass in patients from Côte d’Ivoire, leading them to the death.

The thermal neutron activation cross section of 59Co

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 2325-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Merritt ◽  
R. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Thermal Neutron Flux ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Thermal Neutron Activation ◽  
Activation Cross Section ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean

The 2200 m/s neutron activation cross section of 59Co has been determined with respect to 197Au by irradiating gold and cobalt foils in a thermal neutron flux. The result for the production of 5.261-year 60Co both directly and through 60Com is[Formula: see text]based on a value of σ0 = 98.7 b for, 197Au. Allowing for the 60Com that decays directly to levels in 60Ni yields a value for the 2200 m/s capture cross section of[Formula: see text]The standard deviation of the mean value of seven determinations was ± 0.06 %. The quoted error of ± 0.27 b has been derived from estimates of systematic errors that are discussed.

Apparent volume of the biliary tree in the dog

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Barnhart ◽  
Burton Combes
Keyword(s):  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximal Concentration ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean

The apparent volume of the biliary tree (ABV) in the dog was determined by measuring the mean biliary transit time of injected [14C]taurocholate ([14C]TC). After bolus injection of [14C]TC, entry of bile salt into the lumen of the biliary tree is signaled by an increase in bile flow. The volume of bile collected at the common duct from onset of choleresis until maximal concentration of 14C radioactivity is reached in bile minus the calculated quantity of bile that contains radioactivity and the cannula volume yields a value for the volume of the biliary tree present just prior to injection of [14C]TC. The mean value for ABV in 19 dogs was 2.49 ± 0.65 μL/g liver (mean ± SD).

scholarly journals Some phenomena connected with the transfer of heat by radiation and turbulence in the lower atmosphere

1930 ◽  
Vol 130 (812) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Body ◽  
Black Body Radiation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Radiative Diffusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

One of the most outstanding facts of observation of the distribution of temperature in the atmosphere is the constancy of the mean lapse-rate of temperature at all heights within the troposphere and in all latitudes. The variation about the mean value, which is roughly one-half of the dry adiabatic lapse-rate, is very slight at all heights greater than a few hundred metres above the ground, but in the layer nearest the ground the extent of the variation is very considerable. At night, and particularly during clear nights in winter, the sign of the lapse-rate in the lowest layer is changed, and the temperature increases with height instead of decreasing. On sunny summer afternoons the lapse-rate in the lowest layers attains very high values, the change of temperature from 1/2 metre to 1 metre above the ground amounting to the equivalent of 100 to 200 times the dry adiabatic lapse-rate. Observations in the layers still nearer to the ground are not yet available, but the nature of the values hitherto observed suggests that the lapse-rate increases in a marked manner as we approach the surface. This raises a very natural question. Is there any limit to the lapse-rate which physically capable of foundation in the atmosphere immediately above the ground? In an earlier paper, I have shown that the outward flux of heat (W-radiation) by radiation can be represented by — k ∂͞T/∂͞z calories/cm. 2 /min., where k is 115/ p m at a temperature of 275° A., p w being the vapour pressure in millibars, and T representing the absolute temperature at a height z above the ground. The average amount of incoming radiation which has to be disposed of is given ( loc. cit .) as 0∙275 calories/cm. 2 /min. This, however, is the average over all latitudes, and over day and night, and is too low a value for our present purposes. We shall adopt instead an amount equal to black body radiation at 280° A. amounting to 0∙509 calories/cm. 2 /min. Of this, an amount 0∙290 calories/cm. 2 /min. leaves the ground as W-radiation. These figures would roughly correspond with afternoon sunshine in the British Isles. If we assume the temperature gradient in the layer near the ground to be ∂͞T/∂͞z, then it has been shown ( loc. cit .) that in this layer the amount of W-radiation transported outward by radiative diffusion is —1/2 k ∂͞T/∂͞z. If the lapse-rate has the value given by the equation.

Effects of transient depolarizing potentials on the firing rate of cat neocortical neurons

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1673-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Reyes ◽  
E. E. Fetz
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Interspike Intervals ◽  
A Value ◽  
Neocortical Neurons ◽  
Average Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2

1. The effects of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on interspike intervals (ISIs) of neocortical neurons can be mimicked by pulse potentials (PPs) produced by current injection. The present report documents the dependence of the ISI shortening on the amplitudes of PPs and EPSPs and on the firing rate of the affected neuron. 2. In rhythmically firing necortical neurons, the ISI shortenings caused by PPs arriving at specific times in the ISI can be described by a shortening-delay (S-D) curve. The S-D curve yields three measures of the PPs' ability to shorten the ISI: 1) the mean ISI shortening, S; 2) the maximum shortening, Smax; and 3) the effective interval, defined as the portion of the ISI in which the PP consistently shortens the ISI. For PPs ranging between 80 microV and 3.6 mV (and cells firing at 25 imp/s), the mean shortening increased with amplitude h as S (ms) = 1.2*h (mV)1.24 (r = 0.94; P < 0.01). Smax increased linearly with amplitude as 4.9 ms/mV (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). The effective interval (as a percentage of the ISI) increased slightly with PP amplitude and had a mean value of 65 +/- 21% (mean +/- SD). 3. S-D curves obtained with stimulus-evoked EPSPs varied with EPSP amplitude in a manner similar to those of PPs. The relations obtained for stimulus-evoked EPSPs were not statistically different from those obtained for PPs in the same cells. 4. To determine the effect of firing rate. PPs were applied while neurons fired at frequencies ranging from 8 to 71 imp/s. Both S and Smax were approximately inversely proportional to the baseline firing rate (fo) and could be described as: S or Smax = kfo-m. The mean value of the exponent m (+/- SD) was 0.96 +/- 0.25 for S and 1.2 +/- 0.4 for Smax. These values were not statistically different from a value of 1 (1 group, 2-tailed t test). The effective interval did not vary significantly with firing rate. 5. The dependence of S on PP amplitude and baseline firing rate was incorporated into an expression for the average change in firing rate (delta f) produced by PPs occurring at rate fs: delta f = 0.03 h1.24 fs. The delta f increased with PP amplitude but did not vary significantly with the baseline firing rate. The values of delta f calculated from the S-D curves matched the values that were computed directly from the spike trains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Asset and Business Valuation in Estate Tax Cases: The Role of the Courts

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jackson ◽  
Sonja Pippin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Court System ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The U.S. court system plays an important role in resolving asset valuation disagreements between taxpayers and the taxing authority. Prior literature suggests that in estate tax cases, courts act as compromisers choosing a value somewhere between the estimates arrived at by the taxpayer and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Some studies argue that the tax courts choose the arithmetic mean between the two estimates. Using models from prior literature and an updated dataset, we reexamine the role of the courts in appraising disputed asset value estimates and find that the courts do not simply use the mean value between taxpayer and IRS asset valuation estimates. In addition to testing the concept of courts acting as compromisers, we investigate whether there are certain factors related to the case and the judge that may be correlated with the judge's decision. We find evidence that suggests that the number of appraisers used by the taxpayer, the political affiliation of the judge, the type of asset being valued, and the age and complexity of the case are related to the decisions of the court. Our study should be of interest to taxpayers, the IRS, the courts, and tax researchers.

THE RANGE OF ALKALI METAL IONS OF KILOELECTRON VOLT ENERGIES IN ALUMINUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Davies ◽  
J. D. McIntyre ◽  
R. L. Cushing ◽  
M. Lounsbury
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Alkali Metal Ions ◽  
Exponential Tail ◽  
Electrostatic Accelerator ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Monoenergetic Beam ◽  
The Mean

A simple electrostatic accelerator capable of producing a monoenergetic beam of alkali metal ions at energies up to 100 kev has been used to study the range of Cs137 ions in aluminum as a function of energy. The median range (RM) increases linearly with energy as predicted from the Bohr–Nielsen equation, but has a value about twice that predicted by this equation. Furthermore, the observed straggling about the mean value is not Gaussian in shape, but consists of an asymmetric peak with a pronounced exponential "tail". The possible significance of these results is discussed. Preliminary results are given for the range of 30-kev Rb86 and Na21 ions in aluminum.

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