Mediterranean fruit fly genes exhibit different expression patterns between heat and cold treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kay Anantanawat ◽  
Alexie Papanicolaou ◽  
Kelly Hill ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Molecular Response

Abstract Invasive Tephritid fruit flies are a global threat to both agriculture and horticulture industries. Biosecurity has played a critical role in reducing their damage but becomes more and more challenging after several key chemical pesticides were banned or withdrawn for health or environmental reasons. This has led to non-chemical approaches including heat and cold treatments being broadly utilized to get rid of fruit fly infestation. However, the molecular mechanisms to kill the flies underlying these stressors are not clear yet. This knowledge will certainly help refine current post-harvest treatment strategies and develop more efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches for fruit fly management. Previously, the molecular response of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) to heat was examined thoroughly, in which 31 key genes were identified with significant changes in expression levels and their high-resolution expression timeline was constructed across 11 timepoints. However, whether these candidate genes respond to cold in the same way was unknown. Here, a temperature bioassay was conducted and the expression profiles of these genes were investigated across the same 11 timepoints using cold treatment. The results showed that most of candidate genes exhibited divergent expression profiles compared to heat treatment, suggesting that the fly molecular response to cold may be different from those to heat. This study provides new knowledge of Tephritid fruit fly response to cold at a molecular level, which could aid in improving current fruit fly management and facilitate the development of new strategies to control this serious horticultural insect pest.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of G6PC gene family in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Liu ◽  
Fei Tian ◽  
Cunfang Zhang ◽  
Zhigang Qiao ◽  
Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis

AbstractObjectiveThe Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) catalytic subunit (G6PC) catalyzes glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) to inorganic phosphate and glucose, playing a critical role in endogenous energy supply. Here, the G6PC gene family was investigated and characterized in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).MethodsSequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA5. The HMM profiles, motif structure were analyzed using Pfam and MEME, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the expression profiles.ResultsFour assumptive members of G6PC family in common carp whole-genome sequence were identified as cg6pca.1, cg6pca.2a, cg6pca.2b and cg6pcb which were classified into g6pca and g6pcb subtypes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that cg6pca.2a and cg6pca.2b have a closer evolutionary relationship, and the same subtype members have higher homology among different species. A classical PAP2-glucose phosphates domain is found in four genes and were highly conserved. The expression patterns revealed that only cg6pca.2a elevated significantly after 12 and 24 h of both starvation and cold treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study performed a comprehensive analysis of G6PC gene family in common carp. Moreover, cg6pca.2 may be the major functional gene in cold and fasting stress. And the transfactors, PLAG1 and Sox8, may be concerned with expression regulation of cg6pca.2.

scholarly journals Comparative RNA-Seq Analyses of Solenopsis japonica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Reveal Gene in Response to Cold Stress

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Mohammad Vatanparast ◽  
Youngjin Park
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
P Value ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Brood Chamber

Solenopsis japonica, as a fire ant species, shows some predatory behavior towards earthworms and woodlice, and preys on the larvae of other ant species by tunneling into a neighboring colony’s brood chamber. This study focused on the molecular response process and gene expression profiles of S. japonica to low (9 °C)-temperature stress in comparison with normal temperature (25 °C) conditions. A total of 89,657 unigenes (the clustered non-redundant transcripts that are filtered from the longest assembled contigs) were obtained, of which 32,782 were annotated in the NR (nonredundant protein) database with gene ontology (GO) terms, gene descriptions, and metabolic pathways. The results were 81 GO subgroups and 18 EggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups) keywords. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2fold change (FC) > 1 and log2FC < −1 with p-value ≤ 0.05 were screened for cold stress temperature. We found 215 unigenes up-regulated and 115 unigenes down-regulated. Comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression resulted in various DE proteins and genes, including fatty acid synthases and lipid metabolism, which have previously been reported to be involved in cold resistance. We verified the RNA-seq data by qPCR on 20 up- and down-regulated DEGs. These findings facilitate the basis for the future understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of S. japonica and the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to low temperatures.

scholarly journals Transcriptome characterization analysis and molecular profiles of obligatory diapause induction of the Chinese citrus fruit fly,Bactrocera minax(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiong Zhou ◽  
Xiaolin Dong ◽  
Chuanren Li
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Pupal Diapause ◽  
Specific Stage

AbstractThe Chinese citrus fruit fly,Bactrocera minax, is a devastating citrus pest in China, Bhutan and India. It will enter obligatory pupal diapause in each generation at specific stage, while little is known about the course and the molecular mechanisms of diapause induction. To gain insight into possible mechanisms of obligatory pupal diapause induction, high-throughput RNA-seq data were generated from second-instar larvae (2L), third-instar larvae (3L) and pupal (P, one week after pupating). A total of 116,402 unigenes were assembled and researched against public databases, and 54,781 unigenes matched to proteins in the NCBI database using the BLAST search. Three pairwise comparisons were performed, and significantly differentially regulated transcripts were identified. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) expression patterns revealed that those highly or lowly expressed genes in pupal stage were predicted to be involved in diapause induction. Moreover, GO function and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on all DEGs and showed that 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis, insulin signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, cell cycle and metabolism pathway may be related to the obligatory diapause of the Chinese citrus fruit fly. This study provides valuable information about the Chinese citrus fruit fly transcriptome for future gene function research, and contributes to the in-depth elucidation of the molecular regulation mechanism of insect obligatory diapause induction.

scholarly journals Antennal transcriptome analyses and olfactory protein identification in an important wood-boring moth pest, Streltzoviella insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Yang ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Shixiang Zong
Keyword(s):  
Protein Identification ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractOlfaction plays key roles in insect survival and reproduction, such as feeding, courtship, mating, and oviposition. The olfactory-based control strategies have been developed an important means for pest management. Streltzoviella insularis is a destructive insect pest of many street tree species, and characterization of its olfactory proteins could provide targets for the disruption of their odour recognition processes and for urban forestry protection. In this study, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of S. insularis by next-generation sequencing and annotated the main olfactory multi-gene families, including 28 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 56 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 ionotropic receptors (IRs), two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 101 odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the characteristics of these proteins. We further detected tissue- and sex-specific expression patterns of OBPs, CSPs and SNMPs by quantitative real time-PCR. Most OBPs were highly and differentially expressed in the antennae of both sexes. SinsCSP10 was expressed more highly in male antennae than in other tissues. Two SNMPs were highly expressed in the antennae, with no significant difference in expression between the sexes. Our results lay a solid foundation for understanding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying S. insularis odour recognition.

scholarly journals Insecticide Exposure Triggers a Modulated Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mastrantonio ◽  
Marco Ferrari ◽  
Agata Negri ◽  
Tommaso Sturmo ◽  
Guido Favia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Gene Expression Response ◽  
Abc Transporter Genes

Insecticides remain a main tool for the control of arthropod vectors. The urgency to prevent the insurgence of insecticide resistance and the perspective to find new target sites, for the development of novel molecules, are fuelling the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in insect defence against xenobiotic compounds. In this study, we have investigated if ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a major component of the defensome machinery, are involved in defence against the insecticide permethrin, in susceptible larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Bioassays were performed with permethrin alone, or in combination with an ABC transporter inhibitor. Then we have investigated the expression profiles of five ABC transporter genes at different time points following permethrin exposure, to assess their expression patterns across time. The inhibition of ABC transporters increased the larval mortality by about 15-fold. Likewise, three genes were up-regulated after exposure to permethrin, showing different patterns of expression across the 48 h. Our results provide the first evidences of ABC transporters involvement in defence against a toxic in larvae of An. gambiae s.s. and show that the gene expression response is modulated across time, being continuous, but stronger at the earliest and latest times after exposure.

Inhibition of Elastase or SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis Promotes Differentiation of Human AML Cells.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1891-1891
Author(s):  
Sigal Tavor ◽  
Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch ◽  
Manny Eisenbach ◽  
Sigi Kay ◽  
Shoshana Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Granulocytic Differentiation ◽  
Elastase Inhibitor ◽  
Granule Proteins ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Abstract Elastase, along with other azurophil granule proteins like proteinase 3 regulates normal and leukemic granulopoiesis in an un-defined mechanism. We have recently showed that human acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells constitutively express and secrete stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) dependent cell surface elastase, which regulates their migration and proliferation. To elucidate the molecular events and genes regulated by elastase and SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in AML cells, we examined gene expression of U937 AML cell line treated with neutralizing anti-CXCR4 Abs or elastase inhibitor (EI) compared to untreated cells, using DNA microarray technology. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed very similar gene expression profiles of EI and anti CXCR4 Abs treated cells as compared to control. 230 of 8400 genes interrogated were repressed, and 164 were induced after culturing AML cells in the presence of EI or anti CXCR4 Abs at different time points as compared to untreated cells. Inhibition of elastase or CXCR4 was accompanied by down regulation of the transcripts of primary granule proteins. Functional classification of elastase or SDF-1/CXCR4 axis regulated genes revealed downregulation of HOXA9, HOXA10, ETS2, as well as other transcription factors that are over expressed in AML and are important for the development of leukemia. Whereas, transcriptional factors and regulators known to be induced during myeloid differentiation like C/EBPε, ID1, RUNX3 and HHEX were up-regulated in treated cells. Expression patterns of apoptosis genes indicated decline in death control by the p53 dependent pathway and a more prominent control by mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway like bcl2 related genes. In addition, receptors for interleukins, growth factors (G-CSFR and GM-CSF), complement component (C1QR1) were upregulated in the treated cells. In contrast, FLT-3, a growth factor receptor stimulating growth of early progenitor cells and AML blasts, was down regulated in AML cell treated with EI or anti CXCR4 Abs. These data were confirmed by real time PCR for selected marker genes of granulocytic differentiation. Interestingly, many of the differentially expressed genes were common to the transcriptional program of normal terminal granulocytic differentiation (Theilgaard-Monch & Borregarrd 2005. Blood 105:1785) suggesting that inhibition of elastase may induce differentiation in AML cells. Thus we further analyzed the effect of elastase inhibition on AML cell differentiation and growth. Treatment of HL60 AML cell line with EI triggered a proliferative arrest, apoptosis and mimicked terminal granulocytic differentiation, including morphologic changes, increased CD11b expression, and the ability to produce oxidative bursts. In summary, our study showed that inhibition of elastase or SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in AML cells affects similar pathways related to differentiation and malignant transformation, implying a critical role for those molecules in regulating leukemic development. Repression of elastase decreases proliferation and induces differentiation of AML cells, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach for AML.

Circulating melanoma cells isolated from clinical blood samples and characterized by full-length mRNA sequencing at single-cell level.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10539-10539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chieh Wang ◽  
Daniel Ramskold ◽  
Shujun Luo ◽  
Robin Li ◽  
Qiaolin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Blood Samples

10539 Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Late-stage melanoma is highly metastatic and currently lacks effective treatment. This discouraging clinical observation highlights the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying melanoma initiation and progression and for developing new therapeutic approaches based on novel targets. Although genome-wide transcriptome analyses have been frequently used to study molecular alterations in clinical samples, it has been technically challenging to obtain the transcriptomic profiles at single-cell level. Methods: Using antibody-mediated magnetic activated cell separation (MACS), we isolated and individualized putative circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) from the blood samples of the melanoma patients at advance stages. The transcriptomic analysis based on a novel and robust mRNA-Seq protocol (Smart-Seq) was established and applied to the putative CMCs for single-cell profiling. Results: We have discovered distinct gene expression patterns, including new putative markers for CMCs. Meanwhile, the gene expression profiles derived of the CMC candidates isolated from the patient’s blood samples are closely-related to the expression profiles of other cells originated from human melanocytes, including normal melanocytes in primary culture and melanoma cell lines. Compared with existing methods, Smart-Seq has improved read coverage across transcripts, which provides advantage for better analyzing transcript isoforms and SNPs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the techniques developed in this research for cell isolation and transcriptomic analyses can potentially be used for addressing many biological and clinical questions requiring genomewide transcriptome profiling in rare cells.

scholarly journals Distinct properties in ventral pallidum projection neuron subtypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimrod Bernat ◽  
Rianne Campbell ◽  
Hyungwoo Nam ◽  
Mahashweta Basu ◽  
Tal Odesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Lateral Habenula

The ventral pallidum (VP), a major component of the basal ganglia, plays a critical role in motivational disorders. It sends projections to many different brain regions but it is not yet known whether and how these projections differ in their cellular properties, gene expression patterns, connectivity and role in reward seeking. In this study, we focus on four major outputs of the VP - to the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), mediodorsal thalamus (MDT), and lateral habenula (LHb) - and examine the differences between them in 1) baseline gene expression profiles using projection-specific RNA-sequencing; 2) physiological parameters using whole-cell patch clamp; and 3) their influence on cocaine reward using chemogenetic tools. We show that these four VP efferents differ in all three aspects and highlight specifically differences between the projections to the LH and the VTA. These two projections originate largely from separate populations of neurons, express distinct sets of genes related to neurobiological functions, and show opposite physiological and behavioral properties. Collectively, our data demonstrates for the first time that VP neurons exhibit distinct molecular and cellular profiles in a projection-specific manner, suggesting that they represent different cell types.

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