Local Tax Records as Economic Documents

1927 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Harold H. Burbank
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Source Of Information

A source of information concerning the early economic conditions in this country, and a source which has heretofore been little employed, is the tax records of local communities. I have run across some of them in an historical study of taxation in Massachusetts in which I have tried to press back the story to as early a period as possible. Undoubtedly, somewhat similar records are available in other states, and altogether they would supply many data upon the economic life in this country during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for which other sources of realistic material are all too scanty.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Masyarakat pada Budi Daya dan Pengembangan Produk Pohon Gaharu (Aquilaria sp.) di Kabupaten Tolitoli, Sulawesi Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Triadiati Triadiati ◽  
Miftahudin Miftahudin
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Face To Face

Tolitoli District has a potential for agarwood trees in the forests, but it has not been optimally utilized and preserved by the local communities. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase understanding and community involvement in cultivation and product development of agarwood trees. The objectives of this activity are: to explore agarwood tree species in the forest and sources of local inoculums using a purposive sampling method for agarwood production, to assess the suitability of agro-climates for agarwood tree cultivation, to conduct face-to-face training and practice for agarwood tree breeding and bio-induction by injection, and to identify socio-economic conditions to support agarwood tree cultivation for community empowerment through product development and cultivation in Kabupaten Tolitoli. The project was implementated by exploring and identifying the existence of natural agarwood trees and agarwood farmers, training, and mentoring. The results of exploration and identification showed that Kabupaten Tolitoli has natural resources of agarwood trees in the forest and local inoculums for the bio-induction of agarwood formation. Also, the local community, including the local government, practitioners, farmers, and educational institutions, have great interest and desire for product development and cultivation of agarwood trees. Thus, it can be concluded that community empowerment through product development and cultivation of agarwood trees in Kabupaten Tolitoli can be implemented.

scholarly journals Community Engagement around the Maya Archaeological Site of Ceibal, Guatemala

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-648
Author(s):  
Jessica MacLellan ◽  
Melissa Burham ◽  
María Belén Méndez Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
Systemic Problems

The Ceibal-Petexbatún Archaeological Project has built long-standing relationships in the area around Ceibal, Guatemala, particularly in the Q’eqchi’ Maya village of Las Pozas. Both Q’eqchi’ and ladino (non-indigenous) people in the region face serious, systemic problems, including a loss of access to land and an absence of economic opportunities. The ancient Maya sites in the area have been damaged by deforestation and looting. Project archaeologists seek to improve economic conditions in local communities while encouraging the preservation of cultural heritage. Here, we describe past microfinance and classroom outreach projects conducted in Las Pozas and discuss future initiatives that could make archaeological heritage more beneficial to multiple communities.

Economic Recession and Quality of Education: Experiences of 3336 Canadian Teachers

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1231-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Recession ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Related Discipline ◽  
Perceived Impact

A sample of 3336 teachers from across Canada described the current socioeconomic conditions of their students, schools, and local communities and indicated the frequencies with which they observed particular students' problems (personal, economic-related, discipline), and the adequacy of school facilities, programs, and resources. They also reported how these had changed over a 2-yr. period. Poorer economic conditions (more fathers unemployed, higher current unemployment rates) were significantly related to students' more frequent problems and less adequate facilities, resources, and programs. Deterioration (more frequent problems, less adequate facilities and programs) was consistently related to perceived impact of the economic recession.

Some Bibliographical Aids to the Use of British Government Publications

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Everett S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
British Library ◽  
British Government ◽  
General Direction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Parliamentary History ◽  
Source Of Information

It is a well recognized fact that government publications are frequently the most valuable, and sometimes practically the only, reliable source of information on many phases of political, social, and economic life. Every bibliographical aid to their use, therefore, is to be highly welcomed by the student of government; and, fortunately for him, these aids are being rapidly multiplied. A noteworthy illustration is the List of Serial Publications of Foreign Governments, 1815–1929, now being prepared by Miss “Winifred Gregory under the general direction of a joint committee of the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Eesearch Council, and the American Library Association. Under each country will be listed, in a classified arrangement, the reports and other serials which record governmental activities since 1815. Section two of the preliminary checking edition of the List is devoted to the British Overseas Empire (except Canada).Angus Fletcher, librarian of the British Library of Information in New York, points out that “the publication of official documents is a relatively recent development in English parliamentary history. It was not until 1837 that official documents were finally made available to the public, in the form of the regularly issued Parliamentary Papers as we know them today. The publication of Non-Parliamentary Papers is of stilllater origin.” The establishment of His Majesty's Stationery Office was a result of Burke's Act for Economical Reform in 1782, prior to which time the service of this office had been granted as a monopoly to persons in favor at court. The student entering on a study of British public documents can well afford to review the very readable and valuable historical account of the records of Parliament given by Sir Courtney Ilbert, wherein he traces the development of the written reports of the journals and debates from their beginnings.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF TSUNAMI RELOCATED HOUSING ON THE CHANGES IN THE ACEH COASTAL MOUNTAIN NATURE AND IMPACT ON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Elysa Wulandari ◽  
Zahriah Zahriah ◽  
Zahrul Fuadi ◽  
Farisa Sabila
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract - This paper reveals how the land use change process occurred due to the construction of post-tsunami relocation housing environments, and its impact on the pattern of daily economic activities of local communities in the coastal hilly areas. This study is important along with UU no. 24 Tahun 2007 concerning disaster management that disaster reconstruction activities must take into account the character of the local community and environmental sustainability. The phenomenological approach in this study is by observing the symptoms of the interaction between the artificial environment of the estate settlement, rural environment, and local residents-immigrants and the impact of the system's sustainability in the region. The data such as: 1) pre-tsunami and current land use maps (2020); 2) observation data, regarding daily activities of economic activities in the area; 3) interviews with community leaders to explain the dynamics of local people's economic activities. The analysis method uses a manual interaction diagram system, to read the causality structure which analyzed with “logic of space”. The results are: a) the location of relocated housing has shifted the location of livestock grazing and agricultural gardens towards hills as well as developing mining business activities C about 0.5-1Km from the housing, which is at risk of natural hazards; b) the housing environment somehow hinders the people’s daily freedom of movement and livestock towards the hills. Livestock sometimes cross residential areas and even eat plants in house yards and green open spaces and these disturb the comfort of residential residents. The conclusion is that the pattern of placing the relocated housing environment has created “space in space” which changes the pattern of community home-range activities. Suggestions for the sustainability of the economic life of local residents and the comfort of living for newcomers are the need for a strategy to organize an official route of movement to the hills and to make improvements to land for the hills, as well as the obligation to permanently fence off the housing environment. Both things are done with systems approach and synergize the interests of local communities and migrant communities. Keywords – relocated housing, vernacular settlements, hilly coastal areas, spatial behavior, Aceh Besar

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEGIATAN PENAMBANGAN PASIR – BATU TERHADAP EROSI, KUALITAS AIR DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUNGAI INDRAGIRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Tamrin ◽  
Zulfan Saam ◽  
Sofyan H. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Quality

The research was done in December 2016 to March 2017 and located in Pasir Keranji Village, Pasir Penyu Districts, Indragiri Hulu Regency. The purpose of this research is analizing the impacts of sandstone mining activities against erosion in Indragiri River, quality of Indragiri River water and local socio-economic conditions. Based on the reasearch, sand-stone mining in Indragiri River causes erosion so that the river body widened and the depth of the river is shallower due to sedimentation. Other than that, quality of Indragiri River water such as brightness, turbidity, TSS, DO and BOD5 including the polluted category. This is caused by sand-stone mining activities, waste from palm factory and gold mining along the Indragiri River. Socially and economically, the sand-stone mining activities have a positive impact in improve the living standards of local communities and have a negative impact on environmental quality

scholarly journals [A Retrospective Analysis of The Arrival of Islam to India and Its Impact on Regional Geopolitics] Analisis Retrospektif Kemasukan Islam ke India dan Impaknya Terhadap Geopolitik Serantau

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari ◽  
Ezad Azraai Jamsari ◽  
Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Military History ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Indian Territory ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Abstract   The Indian subcontinent is one of the first regions into which Islam entered since the era of the Righteous Caliphs. The Indian territory also witnessed the advancement of Islamic civilization due to the emergence of Islamic powers in the area. Nevertheless, the historical accounts of Islam’s entry into India which focused more on futuhat (Islamic expansion) movements gave rise to the view that Islam came to the region only through expansionist policies. In light of those, this study aims to examine Islam’s expansion into India and its impact on the geopolitics of the region. In general, this study used a qualitative research method via approaches of historical study and content analysis in collecting and analyzing information from the relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings of the study showed that the spread of Islam into the Indian territory was achieved via two ways, namely by trade and by futuhat. The wise approach and good conduct of Muslim preachers, traders and armies towards the local communities enabled the spread of Islam to India. Furthermore, India was also host to the emergence of a number of Islamic kingdoms, beginning from the Ghaznavid dominion to the emergence of the Mughal Kingdom.   Keywords: Futuhat, Umayyad-era India, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, Arab-Indian trade, Islamic military history   Abstrak   Wilayah India merupakan antara kawasan yang awal menerima Islam, iaitu sejak era Khulafa’ al-Rashidin. Wilayah India turut menyaksikan perkembangan tamadun Islam disebabkan kemunculan kuasa Islam di kawasan berkenaan. Namun begitu, naratif sejarah kemasukan Islam ke India yang lebih tertumpu kepada gerakan futuhat telah menimbulkan pandangan bahawa Islam datang ke wilayah tersebut hanya melalui futuhat. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti kemasukan ke India dan impaknya terhadap geopolitik di wilayah berkenaan. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif menerusi pendekatan kajian sejarah dan analisis kandungan dalam mengumpul serta menganalisis maklumat daripada sumber-sumber utama dan sekunder yang relevan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kemasukan Islam ke wilayah India ialah menerusi dua cara, iaitu perdagangan dan futuhat. Pendekatan berhikmah dan layanan baik daripada golongan pendakwah, pedagang dan tentera Islam terhadap masyarakat tempatan telah memungkinkan penyebaran Islam ke India. Tambahan pula, India turut menjadi tapak kemunculan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam yang lain, bermula dari penguasaan Kerajaan Ghaznawi hingga kemunculan Kerajaan Mughal.   Kata kunci: Futuhat, India era Umawi, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, perdagangan Arab-India, sejarah ketenteraan Islam

MUTUALLY EXCLUSION OF PROJECTS OF DIFFERENT VALUES BY THE BENEFIT-COST METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Murat KAYA
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The recovery of an investment is very important in the world of economy. While businesses are preparing long-term projects for investment purposes, basic criteria such as changing economic conditions, risks, cash flows of the project, discount rate to be applied, economic life should be estimated in advance. For this reason, businesses prepare different projects that can provide the same economic conditions for the projects they prepare. In order to compare these projects, a cost-benefit table is prepared and evaluated in terms of their advantages. In line with these values, it is ensured that the most correct project is selected by eliminating each other. In this study, the cost-benefit ratio method was applied to three different projects. For all three projects, 10% annual interest and numerical values between 15 and 60 years of life are given. As a result of the evaluation of the projects, the most suitable project was determined by eliminating each other. Cash flows are calculated based on present and annual equivalents.

Shadow Exchanges along the New Silk Roads

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
State Control ◽  
Shadow Economies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Long before China promulgated the official One Belt One Road initiatives, vast networks of cross-border exchanges already existed across Asia and Eurasia. The dynamics of such trade and resource flows have largely been outside state control, and are pushed to the realm of the shadow economy. The official initiative is a state-driven attempt to enhance the orderly flow of resources across countries along the Belt and Road, hence extending the reach of the states to the shadow economies. This volume offers a bottom-up view of the transborder informal exchanges across Asia and Eurasia, and analyses its clash and mesh with the state-orchestrated Belt and Road cooperation. By undertaking a comparative study of country cases along the new silk roads, the book underlines the intended and unintended consequences of such competing routes of connectivity on the socio-economic conditions of local communities.

A survey on evacuation planning and its challenges for potential earthquake in Tehran

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambod Amini Hosseini ◽  
Maziar Hosseini ◽  
Solmaz Hosseinioon ◽  
Yasamin O. Izadkhah ◽  
Tomoko Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Purpose – The paper aims to introduce the activities carried out for preparing evacuation plans in Tehran and the challenges observed for involving local communities in earthquake risk mitigation. Design/methodology/approach – In order to prepare the evacuation plans, at first the earthquake risk at different scenarios was determined and the potential damages and casualties at neighborhood levels were estimated accordingly. Then, by considering geological and man-made hazards as well as socio-economic parameters, the potential evacuation places were investigated to be equipped with necessary materials for emergency conditions. In addition, some drills were organized at each neighborhood, and the residents were trained about evacuation and other necessary activities at time of crisis. Findings – The methodology developed in this research provides practical means for promoting public participation and earthquake risk mitigation. Furthermore, the paper proposes some measures for involving local communities in risk reduction activities. Research limitations/implications – Considering the complexities of socio-economic conditions in Tehran, the plan was implemented at two different neighborhoods in 2008. Therefore, similar researches should be conducted in other places to make generalized evacuation plans. Originality/value – This paper introduces new methods for promoting preparedness and discusses the impacts of socio-economic conditions on developing risk mitigation plans.

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