Rational Choice and Socio-Psychological Explanation for Opinion on Quebec Sovereignty

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
French Language ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Linguistic Groups

The article identifies two schools of thought on why Quebeckers choose to support or oppose sovereignty - the rational choice approach that has focused on individuals' assessments of the collective costs and benefits of sovereignty for the Quebec economy and the French language, and the socio-psychological approach that has focused on variables such as resentment, feelings of status denial, ethnic grievances and self-confidence. It has been difficult to resolve disputes between the two approaches due to weakness in available data and a lack of a comparative approach amongst scholars. Using a data set explicitly designed to compare the two schools, this article examines whether previous researchers' conclusions hold even when concepts are operationalized in different ways and when models are specified using different variables. The author examines five general dimensions: the state of the economy, the state of the French language, the state of federalism, respect and recognition, and the perceived quality of relations between English and French speakers. The major substantive conclusion is that the previous scholarship on the motivations for vote choice have significantly overestimated the importance of assessments of the French language, significantly underestimated the importance of assessments of whether Quebeckers are respected and recognized within Canada, and have also underestimated the importance of assessments of federalism and the quality of relations between linguistic groups. These conclusions hold for even the most ambivalent voters.

scholarly journals The Comparative Analysis of the Territory Financial Potential Assessment Methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Dmytriy Nekhaychuk ◽  
Alina Zhuchik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Real State

The article provides the analysis of scientific works on the issues of the territory financial potential assessment methods. According to this analysis there are several fundamentally different approaches to determining the territory financial potential. It is proved that the financial potential of the region is becoming increasingly important today, because in the near future it will determine the state of the economy of the region, the state, as well as occupy one of the main places among state priorities, will affect the financial regional and state policy. The importance of assessing the territory financial potential is also due to the fact that knowing its real state, it becomes possible to effectively and efficiently use all kinds of resources necessary for the region development. The main methodological approaches of assessing the financial potential of the territory are considered: the statistical approach, the comparative approach, evaluation with the use of macroeconomic indicators, the analysis with the use of special indicators, the regression analysis. The main essence of each approach is revealed. The author concludes that despite their diversity, every approach is characterized by certain shortcomings. The bulk of scientists’ efforts is focused on calculating the so-called used financial potential, that is, the potential that can actually be implemented in the territory in the near future. At the same time, a significant share of financial potential is an unrealized potential, which requires specific and additional methods of evaluation. Another important drawback is that scientists ignore the existence of the shadow sector, which actually distorts the reality. That is, the methodology for assessing the territory financial potential, despite diverse tools, is not perfect today and requires rethinking in order to approach the economic realities and improve the quality of results.

How is Government Stability Affected by the State of the Economy? Payoff Structures, Government Type and Economic State

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Hellström ◽  
Daniel Walther
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
The State ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
State Of The Economy

To what extent are incumbent governments affected by the state of the economy when it comes to premature dissolution? This article investigates this research question using a data set on parties and governments for 18 West European countries for the period 1945–2013. In addition to investigating the general effect of the state of the economy on government termination, we hypothesize that macroeconomic conditions affect cabinet termination in different ways depending on the type of government that is in power. Using Cox proportional hazards models to estimate how different government types are impacted by the same changes in the economy, our results indicate that economic changes do matter, but that they mainly affect coalition governments. Our results also indicate that there is a difference between minority and majority governments when it comes to the type of termination. Minority coalition governments resolve to early elections, not replacements, presumably because a minority government does not survive defection. Majority coalition governments, in contrast, show sensitivity towards both types of terminations.

scholarly journals The Challenges Facing Schools’ Inspection Amid Universal Basic Education (UBE) Implementation In Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ige Akindele Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Universal Basic Education ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Regular Training

In 1999, Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme was inaugurated in Nigeria, to increase the access of the citizens to basic education and correct other loopholes inherent in its provision. Since the inception of the programme, there have been massive commitments of human, materials and financial resources to its implementation to ensure that its objectives are achieved holistically even amid the parlous state of the economy. Over the years, inspection has been an activity which is geared towards the improvement of the quality of education being provided in schools and the effectiveness of the teachers. In spite of the role it can play in achieving this feats and the objectives of Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme, inspection is ineffectively carried out in Nigeria because of many challenges it is facing. This paper examines the challenges facing inspection in Nigeria such as inadequate resources, inadequate qualified inspectors, limited time, uncooperative attitude of schools’ administrators and teachers, corruption, among others. To achieve this feat, reports of authors, statistics and findings of researches in literature were explored. To improve the state of inspection in the country, adequate funding, recruitment of more qualified inspectors, regular training and re-training of the inspectors, among others, are imperative.

scholarly journals The Role of the State in Formation and Development of Shadow Economy in Modern-Day Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Davydova ◽  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Mikhail Tagiev
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Government

The article discusses some theoretical and methodological problems of defining the concept of shadow economy and determining its role in the economy and society, and estimates the role of the state in formation and development of the informal economy. The authors propose to define shadow economy basing not only on the widely accepted micro-economic approach, but also on the macro-economic one. In this relation, they point out the inverse dependence of shadow economy on two micro-factors, namely, the state of the economy and the quality of public management. According to the article, the quality of public and economy management could be assessed by the extent to which the government is able to balance its own peculiar interests (which might be unfavourable for the society, but not completely eradicable) and those of the economically active population striving for their wellbeing and stable economic development. The authors infer that shadow economy emerges and extends its scope if the legislation provides for the state to prioritize, instead of minimizing, its peculiar interests over the interests of the economy and economically active population. Therefore, in the majority of countries, shadow economy is, in fact, a result of flaws accidentally or deliberately designed in the current national legislative framework.

Changes in Quality of Economic Planning in the Late USSR: Technological and Institutional Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-384
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Planning Commission ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
State Planning Commission

Introduction. Studying the Soviet economic performance is important in searching for arguments in the ongoing debate on the possibilities of routine and strategic planning application for economic development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to identify the dynamics of the planning quality of the Soviet economy in the framework of the institutional approach to economic history. Materials and Methods. The author constructed a data set filled with available information on key growth indicators (national income, production volume and labor productivity, capital investment) targeted in five-year and annual plans, which passed their way from initial drafts proposed by academic economists and employees of the State Planning Commission to approved legal documents, and to the further implementation, presented in branch (industry, agriculture, retail) and spatial (union republics) breakdown. The archival data on the growing activity of the State Planning Commission for revising the approved planned indicators is of our primary contribution. Results. The author highlights the factors underlying the deviations for key planned aggregated indicators that arose at various stages of their preparation, adoption and revision, between their approved figures and actual performance. The results of the data analysis basically confirmed our hypothesis that the technological improvement of the planning process was largely offset by the deterioration of institutional interactions between its subjects. Discussion and Conclusion. While there were signs of an increase in the role of scientists in the process of drafting five-year plans from the second half of the 1950s to the mid-1970s, then from the second half of the 1970s we find less and less evidence that they played a meaningful role in the short and medium term planning processes. On the other hand, our analysis revealed a significantly higher level of fulfillment in annual breakdown compared to five-year one. This confirms the view that just annual plans performed more operational functions, as compared to the motivational ones, in managing the Soviet economy.

scholarly journals Adaptive Motion Compensated Spatial Temporal Filter of Colonoscopy Video

2021 ◽  
pp. 4148-4157
Author(s):  
Nidhal Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adaptive Motion ◽  
Temporal Filter

   Colonoscopy is a popular procedure which is used to detect an abnormality. Early diagnosis can help to heal many patients. The purpose of this paper is removing/reducing some artifacts to improve the visual quality of colonoscopy videos to provide better information for physicians. This work complements a series of work consisting of three previously published papers. In this paper, optic flow is used for motion compensation, where a number of consecutive images are registered to integrate some information to create a new image that has/reveals more information than the original one. Colon images were classified into informative and noninformative images by using a deep neural network. Then, two different strategies were used to treat informative and noninformative images. Informative images were treated by using Lucas Kanade with an adaptive temporal mean/median filter, whereas noninformative images were treated by using Lucas Kanade with a derivative of Gaussian (LKDOG) and adaptive temporal median images. Comparison showed that this work achieved better results than those achieved by the state-of-the-art strategies for the same degraded colon images data set. The new proposed algorithm reduced the error alignment by a factor of about 0.3, with a 100% successful image alignment ratio. In conclusion, this algorithm achieved better results than the state-of-the-art approaches in case of enhancing the informative images as shown in the results section; also, it helped to reveal some information from noninformative images that have very few details/no details.

Psychological Pressure on the Field and Elsewhere

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Palacios-Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
The State ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Behavioral Bias ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Neutral Field

This chapter describes a novel behavioral bias not previously documented in a competitive situation: psychological pressure in a dynamic competitive environment arising from the state of the competition. Drawing on a data set comprising 1,001 penalty shoot-outs with 10,431 penalty kicks over the period 1970–2013, it collects information on the date of every shoot-out of every competition, the identity of the teams kicking first and second, the final outcome of the shoot-out, the outcomes of each of the kicks in the sequence, the geographical location of the game (that is, whether the game was played in a home ground, a visiting ground, or in a neutral field); and variables that measure the quality of the teams, such as their previous experience in shoot-outs, their official FIFA and UEFA rankings (for national teams), and the division, category, and standings (for club teams).

scholarly journals Do financial markets respond to macroeconomic surprises? Evidence from the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Heinlein ◽  
Gabriele M. Lepori
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Asset Prices ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Macroeconomic Announcements ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Uk

AbstractWe investigate the response of UK asset prices to a large set of domestic scheduled macroeconomic announcements using data at a daily frequency from 1998 to 2017. Our results are mostly consistent with economic theory and follow two general patterns: (1) a stronger-than-expected economy raises stock returns, causes the home currency to appreciate, makes the yield curve steeper, and lowers the corporate credit quality spread; (2) higher-than-anticipated inflation leads to an appreciation of the domestic currency and raises the slope of the yield curve. Surprises about retail sales, claimant count rate, GDP, and industrial production have the most prevalent effects across the four asset classes in our data set. A large number of macroeconomic announcements increase trading activity in the stock market, whereas there is barely any (only minor) evidence that announcements (surprises) affect the volatility of asset prices. We also document that the effects of macroeconomic surprises are contingent not only upon the state of the economy but also on the state of the stock market (bull vs. bear).

scholarly journals Transport demand as a function of the state of a transport network

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
T. Sakulyeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Modeling Process

For thousands of years in major cities one of the main problems was the possibility of movement. The need for movement is based on the opportunities provided by transport, and encourages society to further develop. The article considers the historical aspects of the study of the mobility of the population and the study of its mobility in terms of digital technology.The application of various methods of mobility research is a common practice in many countries, cities, regions, which provides the collection of important information for the development of transport systems. Financial and organizational constraints affect the quantity and quality of the data collected. Existing techniques need to be constantly adapted to rapidly developing technologies and the rapidly changing nature of population mobility, which is becoming more intermodal. A qualitative model based on an appropriate data set creates a qualitative set of input data for the concept, design, and evaluation results. This in turn will allow for a more reasonable design and evaluation of transport projects.Transport modeling varies from developing relatively simple models in the form of tables to models of transport networks, which consider transport demand as a function of the state of the transport network. For each stage of modeling, there is a need to include feedback in the modeling process. They reveal the interrelation of the various steps of the modeling process and the need to use iterative methods of calculation. The functionality of the model is determined by the presence of feedbacks, which increase the ability of the model to predict actual results. Before carrying out any actions on transport modeling, it is necessary fully understand the requirements for the function of this model. This will ensure, that the model is a result, which is important for the project and provides it with a qualitative assessment.

Manajemen Ekonomi Outopilot: Kegagalan Negara Mencari Identitas?

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mukhaer Pakkanna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Production And Distribution

Political democracy should be equivalent to the economic development of the quality of democracy, economic democracy if not upright, even the owner of the ruling power and money, which is parallel to force global corporatocracy. Consequently, the economic oligarchy preservation reinforces control of production and distribution from upstream to downstream and power monopoly of the market. The implication, increasingly sharp economic disparities, exclusive owner of the money and power become fertile, and the end could jeopardize the harmony of the national economy. The loss of national economic identity that makes people feel lost the “pilot of the state”. What happens then is the autopilot state. Viewing unclear direction of the economy, the national economy should clarify the true figure.

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