Apollodoros' Mother: The Wives of Enfranchised Aliens in Athens

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Tentative Conclusion ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The banker Pasion, father of the notorious fourth-century litigant and politician Apollodoros, some of whose speeches have survived under the name of Demosthenes, was originally a slave; freed by his owners, he made a substantial fortune from banking and subsequently received Athenian citizenship for his generous gifts to the city. At [Dem.] 59.2 we are given a paraphrase of the decree which enfranchised him: 'Aθηναον εἶναι Πασωνα κα κγνους τοὺς κενου ‘[the Athenian people voted] that Pasion and his descendants should be Athenian’. In common with inscriptions recording grants of citizenship, and unlike Roman military diplomata, the decree appears to have ignored Pasion's wife Archippe. The silence of the decrees of enfranchisement is echoed in the literary sources, with the result that we have no explicit testimony to the legal status of the wife of an alien who was granted Athenian citizenship. M. J. Osborne assumes that the status of the wife was in no way affected by the grant; she remained an alien. D. Whitehead has argued that in such cases the wife's status was indeterminate; in the event of the death of her first husband she might find herself married either to an Athenian citizen or to an alien, whereupon her status would be defined according to that of her husband. This article will argue that Archippe's status was unaffected by Pasion's receipt of citizenship, that is, that she remained a metic. I shall then proceed to consider the question of the implications of the difference in status of Pasion and Archippe subsequent to his enfranchisement for the legal basis of the relationship between them, and finally draw a tentative conclusion about the date of Pasion's receipt of citizenship.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

scholarly journals What Difference Does Posthumanism Make?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Crellin ◽  
Oliver J.T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Productive Force ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we argue that to understand the difference Posthumanism makes to the relationship between archaeology, agency and ontology, several misconceptions need to be corrected. First, we emphasize that Posthumanism is multiple, with different elements, meaning any critique needs to be carefully targeted. The approach we advocate is a specifically Deleuzian and explicitly feminist approach to Posthumanism. Second, we examine the status of agency within Posthumanism and suggest that we may be better off thinking about affect. Third, we explore how the approach we advocate treats difference in new ways, not as a question of lack, or as difference ‘from’, but rather as a productive force in the world. Finally, we explore how Posthumanism allows us to re-position the role of the human in archaeology,

scholarly journals Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edy Riwidiharso ◽  
Darsono Darsono ◽  
Endang ariyani Setyowati ◽  
Hery Pratiknyo ◽  
EMING SUDIANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Regression Correlation

Abstract. Riwidiharso E, Darsono, Setyowati EA, Pratiknyo H, Sudiana E, Santoso S, Yani E, Widhiono I. 2020. Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in scavenging chickens (Gallus domesticus) and their association to body weight. Biodiversitas 21: 3163-3169. Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) which are traditionally fed by scavenging on farms predispose them to ectoparasites infestation. In this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the common ectoparasites on G. domesticus in the rural areas of Banyumas. The purposes of this study were to determine the diversity of ectoparasites, their prevalence, and their relationship to the chickens body weight. This research was conducted by the survey method from December 2019 to April 2020 in five villages around the city of Purwokerto, Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia viz., Kedungwuluh, Kedungwringin, Kutasari, Karangsalam, and Karanggintung. Data analysis was conducted by Shannon Wiener and Evenness indexes. Analysis of variance was used to calculate the difference in prevalence among sample locations. Regression correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between prevalence and chicken body weight. The results showed that there were six ectoparasite species  i.e., Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus cornutus, Lipeurus caponis, Dermanysus gallinae, Megninia ginglymura, and Haemaphysallis sp. parasitizing G. domesticus. The number of ectoparasite individuals among locations was significantly different (F 5.59 < 32.45; p <0.05). The most number of ectoparasite was found in Karangsalam (272 individuals). The most prevalent ectoparasite was M. cornutus (45%), followed by L. caponis (40%), and the lowest was M. synglineura (25%). Ectoparasite prevalence was associated with chicken weight loss (r = 0.98). The prevalence of ectoparasite of domestic chickens farm in the Banyumas Regency is classified as low but has the potential to influence body weight.

International Law and its Impact on The Hijaz

The Hijaz ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 155-204
Author(s):  
Malik R. Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 is an international legal examination of the status of The Hijaz in the aftermath of its conquest and absorption into a Saudi personal union. It discusses the impact of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States as well as the Territorial Principle. The Chapter tackles the legal question of secession and warns against the pitfalls of the ‘Self-Determination Trap’. It draws lessons from the difference between involuntary extinction of states as opposed to their creation. By looking at the cases of Czechoslovakia and Quebec it tackles the issue of ‘the Right to Secession by Agreement’. The Chapter reflects on lessons from Scotland, Catalan and Kurdistan highlighting that The Hijaz presents us with a delicate and nuanced understanding of ‘Internal Self-Determination’ and ‘Autonomy’ establishing, de facto, an international legal status of “Self-Determination Spectrum Disorder”. A special status calls for an active and special legal solution. The notion of a broader integrative role for The Hijaz and the broader Islamic world. The potential integrative institutionalization of The Hijaz is investigated bringing to bare a unique approach to self-determination that would entail coupling autonomy with international territorial administration. The propositions under this Chapter are supported by looking at other sui generis entities such as the Holy See being sovereigns without being states.

scholarly journals RHETORICAL OMISSION IN THE QUR’ANIC EXPRESSION AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SURAT AL-BAQARAH (OMISSION LETTER AS A MODEL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 402-414
Author(s):  
Abdoul Bassiti Toure MOHAMED ◽  
Nashwan Abdo KHALED
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, Muslims and non-Muslims have witnessed an interest in studying the Holy Qur’an with contemporary approaches and trends, which requires Muslims, in particular, to participate in studying the Qur’an in an objective and effective manner to highlight the characteristics of the Holy Qur’an and the beauty and meanings that it contains. Hence, this study comes to analyze the rhetorical omissions in similar contexts in the Holy Qur’an and answer questions that may be raised about them. The study begins with a historical overview of the issue of omission in the Noble Qur’an for both the ancients and the contemporaries, with an indication of the status of thisThe topic is in the sciences of the Noble Qur’an, passing through the semantics of rhetorical deletion and its role in understanding the meanings of the Qur’anic expression, down to the uses of that method in different contexts and its inferred results, and applications and examples of omissions in Surat Al-Baqarah to collect all types of remembrance and deletion. Studying the subject of omission in Surat Al-Baqarah is a way to understand its other places in the rest of the Surahs in the Holy Qur’an. This study used the descriptive approach to extrapolate the modus operandi of rhetorical deletion in the Holy Qur’an, the historical approach to trace what was written in rhetorical deletion and the efforts of Al-Qami and contemporaries in it, and the analytical approach to show the relationship of deletion and its role in enriching meanings... Among the most important findings of the study: • Those who trace the positions of rhetorical deletion in the Holy Qur’an clearly realize the effect of rhetorical deletion in enriching the significance and meanings. The deletion often supports proving the meaning of the thing absolutely and as a sentence, or suggests the general significance of the rhetorical deletion method. • The difference of style betweenThe mention and omission are not in vain, but rather come to add a special style or a specific purpose. • It was found through the study that it is necessary to return to books of rhetoric and grammar, and books of language in general, to reveal many of the indications of rhetorical omission generated by deep reflection on the context of similar verses in the wise Quran.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TOBACCO SMOKING AND REPORTED PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN AN ADOLESCENT POPULATION IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feisal A. Younis ◽  
Talaat Mattar ◽  
Akram K. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In this study the relationship between cigarette smoking and certain elements of psychiatric morbidity, especially anxiety and depressive symptoms, was investigated among a sample of adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The sample of the study consisted of 473 male secondary school students in the city of Ras Al-Kheima, UAE. Mean age of participants was 16.67 (SD=1.07). They completed the Arabic version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) as well as other demographic information. Data analysis, using oneway ANOVA, revealed significantly higher reported symptoms by smokers compared with those who never smoked and those who started and stopped. The difference between those who smoked and stopped and those who never smoked was also significant.

Contesting Subjecthood and Sovereignty in Ottoman Galata in the Age of Confessionalization: The Carazo Affair, 1613-1617

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
North African ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract In the early 1610s, communities of diplomats and traders with the status of müste’min (foreign resident) in Ottoman Galata were put on alert by the concerted attempt of certain Ottoman officials, especially the kadı of Galata, to extract from them the harac—the tax typically paid only by the ḏimmis (non-Muslim subjects of the sultan). Interwoven into this legal and diplomatic crisis is another story that sheds an interesting light on the entire affair. In 1609 Spanish king Philip III proclaimed the expulsion of Moriscos—(forcibly) Christianized Spanish Muslims—from the Iberian peninsula, triggering a massive exodus of a large segment of population into North Africa, but also to Ottoman Constantinople, via France and Venice. Although Constantinople received a significantly smaller number of refugees than North African principalities under Ottoman suzerainty, the impact of the Morisco diaspora was disproportionally large. In Constantinople, the refugees were settled in Galata, in what appears to be a deliberate attempt by the Ottoman authorities to change the confessional make-up of this overtly non-Muslim section of the city. This is how the fierce economic and confessional competition among the local, already established trading and diplomatic communities and the newcomers began. The paper will reconstruct these competitive relationships on the basis of Ottoman, Venetian, and French contemporary sources by focusing on the incidents surrounding the attempted imposition of the harac on foreign residents and the attempted takeover of Galata churches by the Morisco refugees. It appears that the arrival of the Moriscos and familiarity with their plight in Spain prompted Ottoman officials to rethink the legal status and the notions of extra-territoriality in relation to religious identity in the Ottoman context as well.

The Consulship of 367bcand the Evolution of Roman Military Authority

Antichthon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 124-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Early Republican ◽  
Static Nature

AbstractA tension exists within the literary sources for early Rome, between the supposedly static nature of military authority, embodied by the grant ofimperiumwhich was allegedly shared both by archaicregesand republican magistrates, and the evidence for change within Rome’s military hierarchy, with the early republican army being commanded by a succession of different magistrates including the archaicpraetores, the so-called ‘consular tribunes,’ and the finally the consuls and praetors of the mid-fourth centuryBC. The differences between the magistracies and the motivations driving the evolution of the system have caused confusion for both ancient and modern writers alike, with the usual debate being focused on the number of officials involved under each system and Rome’s expanding military and bureaucratic needs. The present study will argue that, far more than just varying in number, when viewed against the wider backdrop of Roman society during the period, the sources hint that the archaicpraetoresand consular tribunes might have exercised slightly different types of military authority – possibly distinguished by the designationsimperiumandpotestas– which were unified under the office of the consulship of 367BC.1The changes in Rome’s military hierarchy during the fifth and fourth centuriesBCmay therefore not only indicate an expansion of Rome’s military command, as is usually argued, but also an evolution of military authority within Rome associated with the movement of power from thecomitia curiatato thecomitia centuriata.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF COMBINED ELECTIONS: REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Lyubarev
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Regional Elections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The paper analyzes the results of voting at the regional and municipal elections held simultaneously on September 13, 2020 on party lists in the cities of Syktyvkar and Vorkuta of the Komi Republic, the city of Kaluga of the Kaluga Region and in 12 districts of the Novosibirsk Region. The correlation and regression analysis methods are used to study the relationship between the results of political parties that participated only in regional elections and the difference in the results of other parties in municipal and regional elections. The reasons for the choice difference in regional and municipal elections are discussed: varying set of parties in the two ballots, arrangement of parties in the ballots, and attitude of voters to the candidates included in the lists of the same party in regional and municipal elections. It is shown that in different regions and even in different districts of the same region, the losses of the main parties are associated with voting for various small parties. The place of new parties ("New People", "For Truth", "Green Alternative", "Party of Direct Democracy") in the political spectrum of Russia is also discussed. The conclusion is made about the importance of the study of combined elections for political science.

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