EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOTHERMAL QUOTIENT ON THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS OF INDIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. VIJAYA KUMAR ◽  
V. U. M. RAO ◽  
O. BHAVANI ◽  
A. P. DUBEY ◽  
C. B. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYTo quantify the effect of thermal stress and photothermal quotient (PTQ) on yield components, eleven years experimental data of three cultivars (HD-2285, K-8804 and K-9107) under three sowing dates at Kanpur centre were analysed. Number of grains per ear (NG), grain weight per ear (GW) and 1000-grain weight (TG) were identified as prime yield contributing components in HD-2285, K-8804 and K-9107, respectively. GW was highly sensitive to maximum temperature (MXT) while NG was sensitive to minimum temperature (MNT) during jointing (JNT) to anthesis (ATS) as well as the total growing season in all the cultivars. In both HD-2285 and K-8804, optimum MXT and MNT during JNT to ATS are 22.7–24.6 and 7.0–7.9 °C, respectively for obtaining maximum NG. Optimum MXT for GW ranged from 15.8–17.3 °C during tillering (TLR) to JNT stage in K-8804 and K-9107 while it was 20.4 °C during JNT to ATS stage in HD-2285. MXT, MNT and PTQ of 23.6 °C, 9.2 °C and 25 MJ/m2/day/ °C, respectively during JNT to ATS in K-9107 were found optimum for higher TG.

Assessing barley (Hordeum vulgare) response to clipping in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M. K. J. El-Shatnawi ◽  
N. I. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Greenhouse pot trials and field experiments were carried out under rain-fed condition in north-eastern Jordan during 1997–98 and 1998–99 growing seasons, to test 3 barley genotypes for their suitability for both forage and grain production. The varieties Rehani and ACSAD176 produced higher forage yields than Rum. In the field, clipping reduced subsequent grain yield per plant by about 18%, lowering grain weight of the main spike from 2.3�g in the control to 1.8 g in the clipped plants. Clipping increased tiller density of barley plants in the field. Decreases in grain yield following clipping could also be attributed to reductions in the number of grains per spike. Clipping decreased the number of grains per spike by about 9% by reducing the number of spikelets per spike. Cutting reduced 1000-grain weight by about 9%. Clipping induced changes in the relative importance of yield components influencing subsequent grain yield. The yield components reduced by clipping were the most important contributors to loss of grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and carpel size during pre-anthesis on potential grain weight in wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. CALDERINI ◽  
L. G. ABELEDO ◽  
R. SAVIN ◽  
G. A. SLAFER
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Background Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The effect of environmental conditions immediately before anthesis on potential grain weight was investigated in wheat at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) during 1995 and 1996. Plants of two cultivars of wheat were grown in two environments (two contrasting sowing dates) to provide different background temperature conditions. In these environments, transparent boxes were installed covering the spikes in order to increase spike temperature for a short period (c. 6 days) immediately before anthesis, i.e. between ear emergence and anthesis. In both environments, transparent boxes increased mean temperatures by at least 3·8 °C. These increases were almost entirely due to the changes in maximum temperatures because minimum temperatures were little affected. Final grain weight was significantly reduced by higher temperature during the ear emergence–anthesis period. It is possible that this reduction could be mediated by the effect of the heat treatment on carpel weight at anthesis because a curvilinear association between final grain weight and carpel weight at anthesis was found. This curvilinear association may also indicate a threshold carpel weight for maximizing grain weight.

Effects of herbicide use, fungicide use and position in the field on the yield and yield components of spring barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Boatman
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYSix experiments were carried out over 2 years (1985 and 1986) in commercial spring barley crops on calcareous soils in Hampshire. Herbicides increased grain yield by 0·05–1·21 t/ha, and fungicides by 0·01–0·68 t/ha. Herbicide use affected each of the yield components ears/plant, grains/ear, 1000-grain weight and harvest index in one or more cases but the effects were not consistent between experiments or consistently related to yield increases. Fungicide use had little effect on yield components other than 1000-grain weight, which was significantly increased in all experiments. There were no significant herbicide × fungicide interactions. Large differences in yield were recorded between field edge (headland) and midfield plots, with headland plots outyielding the midfield in two of the three experiments where this effect was considered.The effects of fungicide use were accounted for by associated increases in the green lamina area of the flag leaf and second leaf at the late milk stage of grain development. This is consistent with previous work. Differences in yield response to herbicide between sites were linearly related both to weed numbers early in the season and to weed biomass at harvest. Weeds did not always directly replace crop biomass; in some experiments the combined dry matter production was greater when herbicide was not used. However, the results indicate that, where a diverse weed flora composed of species of moderate to low competitive ability is present, simple weed counts may provide a useful indication of potential yield loss.It is concluded that headland areas can often be as productive as the rest of the field, but a greater understanding of the factors involved is needed if this potential is to be realized.

EFFECT OF DATES AND RATES OF SOWING ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF NARBON VETCH UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Tawaha ◽  
M. A. Turk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Northern Jordan

Field experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1998–1999 and 1999–2000 at Houfa in northern Jordan, to study the effect of the date and rate of sowing on the yield and yield components of narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.). Progressive delays in sowing beyond 1 st January led to yield reductions of 11.1 and 17.9 at successive 15-day intervals. Plant height, pods stem –1, stems m –2 and 1000-grain weight followed the same trend as the yield. Grain yield was not significantly affected by the sowing rate.

Enhancement of dwarf wheat germplasm with high-yield potential derived from induced mutagenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongchun Xiong ◽  
Huijun Guo ◽  
Yongdun Xie ◽  
Linshu Zhao ◽  
Jiayu Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

AbstractThe dwarfing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has promoted a dramatic increase in yields. Since the utilized dwarfing genes in wheat are very limited, identification of novel dwarfing genes is necessary for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, more than 300 dwarfing wheat lines from induced mutation were screened by kompetitive allele-specific PCR and gibberellin (GA) treatment. The 17.49% of Rht-D1b and 1.37% of Rht-B1b dwarfing mutants were identified in this mutant group. Additionally, Rht-D1b mutants showed more effective in reduction of plant height and higher 1000-grain weight comparing with that of Rht-B1b mutants. By combing with comparison of yield components and expression profile of GA biosynthetic genes with wild-type, the GA-responsive mutant dm15 without directly involvement in GA metabolism, significantly increased 1000-grain weight but no change of other yield components in two locations of field experiments. Meanwhile, another elite mutant dm11 with change of GA biosynthetic genes expression was also identified. These mutants will be promising candidates for dwarfing wheat breeding.

scholarly journals The contribution of yield components in determining the productivity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski ◽  
Paweł Harasim ◽  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
The University ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different growth regulator rates and nitrogen fertilization levels on yield components and to evaluate their influence on winter wheat productivity. A field experiment with winter wheat ‘Muza’ was conducted at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland over the period 2004–2007. In this experiment, the effect of the studied factors on yield and its components was primarily dependent on weather conditions during the study period.</p><p>An increase in nitrogen rate from 100 to 150 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2005 and 2007 had a significant effect on the increase in grain yield per unit area. In 2005, the grain yield rose through increased spike density (by 6.3%) and a higher number of grains per spike (by 1.6%). The 1000-grain weight decreased the grain yield per unit area (by 0.04 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). In 2007, the higher yield of wheat fertilized with nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> was positively affected by all the three yield components. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the winter wheat grain yields were also significantly affected by the retardant rates applied depending on the year.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating temperature thresholds and optimizing sowing dates of wheat in Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
ABDUS SATTAR ◽  
GULAB SINGH ◽  
SHRUTI V. SINGH ◽  
MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
P. VIJAYA KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Sowing Dates

Studies on wheat-weather relationship were carried out at Pusa (25.98 oN, 85.67 oE, 52 m), Bihar situated in middle Gangetic plains of India, with three popular wheat cultivars viz. RW 3711, HD 2824 and HD273, grown under five fixed dates of sowing viz. 15 November, 25 November, 5 December, 15 December and 25 December, for five consecutive rabi seasons from 2011-12 to 2015-16. Thresholds of maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin) and bright sunshine hours (BSH), associated with higher productivity, occurring at different phenophases, were determined. Results revealed that temperature played a crucial role in achieving higher grain yield of wheat. Both Tmax and Tmin during flowering to milking and flowering to maturity phases increased with delayed sowing dates beyond 25 November with consequent reductions in grain yield. During 50 % flowering to milk stage, Tmax and Tmin above 24.6 oC and 11.6 oC, respectively, reduced grain yield below 4000 kg ha-1; significant reduction in grain yield was also noted beyond maximum temperature of 26.9 oC. During flowering to milk and flowering to maturity phases, Tmax and Tmin exhibited highly significant negative correlation with grain yield, indicating higher temperatures causing lower grain yield. With delayed sowing, sensitive phases of the crop experienced higher air temperatures which led to reduction in grain yield. An increase of Tmax from 29.2 to 32.1 oC during flowering to maturity phases reduced the wheat productivity drastically in this region of Indo-Gangetic plains. Grain yield declined by 399 kg ha-1 per 1 oC rise in Tmax during 50 % flowering to maturity stage. Considering grain yield vis-à-vis temperature regimes during flowering to maturity stage, the most important recommendation for the farmers of the region would be to finish wheat sowing before 25 November in order to enable them to escape terminal heat stress in wheat and thereby realizing higher grain yield. The anthesis-time management by manipulating sowing dates could be a realistic adaptation strategy for attaining optimum grain yield under changing climate scenario.

scholarly journals Influence of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro District, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Birhanu Chala ◽  
Tolera Abera ◽  
Bhupesh Nandeshwar
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Improved agronomic practices increases yield potential of chickpea in different agroecology of the country. In this view a field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of inter-and intra row spacing on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Jimma Horro district of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of three inter-row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and four intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The highest (52) number of pods plant-1 was obtained with the interaction effect of 40 cm inter and 20 cm intra row spacing. The highest dry biomass (8457 kg ha-1) was recorded at 20 cm × 5 cm spacing while the lowest dry biomass (5413 kg ha-1) was recorded at 40 cm × 20 cm spacing combination. Significantly  higher  (248 g) 1000 grain weight was recorded under 40 cm with 20 cm spacing and lowest (165 g) 1000 grain weight under 30 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest (1625 kg ha-1) seed yield of chickpea was obtained from 30 cm x 15 cm and the lowest seed yield (1096 kg ha-1) was recorded from 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. The highest harvest index (34.03%) was achieved for the interaction of 40 cm inter- and 20cm intra-row spacing and the lowest harvest index (12.14%) under 20 cm x 5 cm row spacing. Thus 30 cm inter-row with 15 cm intra-row spacing can tentatively be recommended for the production of chickpea in the study area as compared to the current recommendation of 30 x 10 cm. Further research would be needed at more locations and seasons to give conclusive recommendations.

scholarly journals Effect Of Removal Of Some Photosynthetic Organs On Yield Components In Durum Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alpay Balkan ◽  
Temel Gençtan ◽  
Oguz Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Agricultural Faculty ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

This research was carried out in experimental field of Field Crops Department of Agricultural Faculty of Namik Kemal University in randomized split block design with three replications per treatment during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. The objective of this study was to find out the contribution rates of awn, flag leaf, 1st upper leaf blade, 2nd upper leaf blade and other leaf blades to main yield components in three durum wheat cultivars (cv. Kiziltan-91, Kunduru-1149, and Yelken-2000). The results of this experiment showed that removal of awn, flag leaf, 1st upper leaf blade, 2nd upper leaf blade, and other leaf blades reduced significantly spike weight, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, and 1000-grain weight except the number of spikelets per spike. It was concluded that the organs play an important role in grain yield in durum wheat during grain filling stage.   Keywords: Photosynthetic organs; yield components; durum wheat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9224 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 1-12

Sowing Dates of Wheat in Northern Sudan

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galil ◽  
A. Gabar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Sowing Dates

SUMMARYThe effect of sowing time and variety were tested for three consecutive years under irrigated conditions. The relation between yield and planting time was quadratic, best described by y=a+bx-ex2 where y is grain yield and x is planting time. The results showed that, irrespective of variety, the optimum sowing date is around mid-November. Varietal differences are related to number of ears per unit area, with a stronger association of yield with grain weight than with any other yield components.

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