Development of vegetable cropping systems in the Niayes zone of Senegal

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
H. De Bon ◽  
F. Faye ◽  
J. Pages
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intensive Use

The importance of vegetable crops has been increasing in West Africa for the past forty years. This paper describes the evolution of intensive mixed vegetable production in the Niayes area near Dakar between 1970 and 1990. The importance of cultivation in low-lying areas with very few inputs have decreased but irrigated cropping systems have become more important due to the better adaptation of vegetative material, application of more fertilizers and better control of pests and diseases. This intensification appears to be irreversible, in spite of the negative effects of the more intensive use of land.

Common pre- and post-harvest diseases of vegetable crops in Jamaica.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (057) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Benkeblia
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Abstract Vegetable production in Jamaica, and throughout the world, faces many diseases that affect the yield and the quality of the fresh harvest produce. However, some diseases are more predominant than others. The most observed diseases of vegetables are anthracnose, leaf spot, club root, downy mildew, gray mold, mosaic and geminiviruses, early blight, septoria leaf spot and leaf rusts. Nevertheless, other diseases can also be found seriously affecting the grown vegetable. Greenhouse cropping systems are also affected by similar and other diseases such as septoria leaf spot, early blight, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt, late blight, bacterial spot, bacterial speck, bacterial canker, gray mold, leaf mold, powdery mildew and elephant's foot disease. Although not specific to the country, other diseases are also found more frequently than others, and the frequency varies with the region and the cropping system (indoor or outdoor).

scholarly journals Fumigation and Solarization Practice in Plasticulture Systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Phase Out

Soil disinfestation strategies for intensive vegetable crop production, which have relied heavily on chemical fumigants for the past 40 years, are now undergoing rapid change. The principal driving force of change has been governmental regulatory action to phase out chemicals with properties deemed to be hazardous to the environment and/or public health. Softer methods of soil disinfestation, which rely more on physical, cultural, biological, or integrated modes of action, likely will predominate in future vegetable-cropping systems. In conducive (i.e., warm) climates, solarization can be adopted economically in plasticulture systems. Solarization can be combined with other chemical, physical, and biological methods for enhanced management of soil and root pests and diseases.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Summer Cover Crops for Use in Vegetable Production Systems in North Carolina

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Creamer ◽  
Keith R. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Summer cover crops can produce biomass, contribute nitrogen to cropping systems, increase soil organic matter, and suppress weeds. Through fixation of atmospheric N2 and uptake of soil residual N, they also contribute to the N requirement of subsequent vegetable crops. Six legumes {cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsutum L.), velvetbean [Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.], and lablab (Lablab purpureus L.)}; two nonlegume broadleaved species [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]; and five grasses {sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench × S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], sudangrass [S. sudanense (P) Stapf.], Japanese millet [Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link], pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L). R. Br.], and German foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.)]}, were planted in raised beds alone or in mixtures in 1995 at Plymouth, and in 1996 at Goldsboro, N.C. Biomass production for the legumes ranged from 1420 (velvetbean) to 4807 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). Low velvetbean biomass was attributed to poor germination in this study. Nitrogen in the aboveground biomass for the legumes ranged from 32 (velvetbean) to 97 kg·ha-1 (sesbania). All of the legumes except velvetbean were competitive with weeds. Lablab did not suppress weeds as well as did cover crops producing higher biomass. Aboveground biomass for grasses varied from 3918 (Japanese millet) to 8792 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass). While N for the grasses ranged from 39 (Japanese millet) to 88 kg·ha-1 (sorghum-sudangrass), the C: N ratios were very high. Additional N would be needed for fall-planted vegetable crops to overcome immobilization of N. All of the grass cover crops reduced weeds as relative to the weedy control plot. Species that performed well together as a mixture at both sites included Japanese millet/soybean and sorghum-sudangrass/cowpea.

Calneem: A commercial neem seed-based biopesticide for sustainable management of pests of vegetables in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
D. Obeng-Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The production of vegetable crops is a major agricultural activity of small and medium-scale farmers in Ghana and has a greatpotential to increase the income levels growers. However, vegetable production is constrained among other factors by attackby insect pests, diseases, nematodes and the declining soil fertility, necessitating the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers.Currently, the main method of controlling pests and diseases of vegetable crops is the use of synthetic pesticides. This paperexamines the environmental, food safety, health and other problems inherent in the dependency on conventional pesticidesto control crop pests in Ghana and advocates the need to develop a sustainable and environmentally sound alternative pestmanagement strategy using neem pesticides as the major component. Native to India and Burma, the neem tree, Azadirachataindica A. Juss was introduced to Africa earlier this century and is now well established in at least 78 countries, including Ghanawhere it has become an important source of fuel, lumber and biopesticides. Neem products are broad spectrum bio-pesticideswhich are effective against several pests of vegetables, food crops, fruit and other tree crops. Using the results of extensive fieldtrials conducted in two locations in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, the paper would demonstrate the practical utilization ofCalneem oil and Neem seed extract for sustainable protection of okra and cucumber against pest infestation in Ghana. It wouldalso show that neem pesticides are less harmful to some beneficial organisms in the vegetable agro-ecosystem such as certain antspecies, lady bird beetles, dragon flies and other predators. Practical challenges to widespread application of neem bio-pesticidesfor sustainable crop protection in Ghana are discussed.

scholarly journals 157 Estimation of Environmental Impact of Two Cropping Systems Using PLANETOR

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469B-469
Author(s):  
A. Kalo ◽  
P.H. Hoepner ◽  
S.B. Sterrett ◽  
J.F. Diem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Negative Impacts

Long-term goals of reducing environmental impacts associated with agricultural activities must include economic sustainability as well as production feasibility. This study compared the potential economic and environmental impact of two specific cropping systems [wheat/soybeans (w/s) vs. selected vegetable crops with wheat/soybeans (veg/w/s)]. Profitability of w/s was lower than the veg/w/s system but demanded a smaller, less extensive resource base of labor and machinery with fewer conflicts in resource utilization rates. The PLANETOR computer program (Univ. of Minnesota) was used to analyze the potential negative environmental effects of growing a particular crop mix within these two systems. Although some of the vegetable crops exceeded the targeted soil loss tolerance value (T-value) of 3 t/ha, the weighted average of the veg/w/s system was below the target T-value for soil erosion. Analyses suggest that the profits from vegetables in the veg/w/s production more than offset the negative impacts on soil erosion and the veg/w/s system would be more economically feasible than w/s. Potential impact of pesticide leaching and runoff from vegetable production as calculated by PLANETOR was less than that from w/s. Specific cultural practices, including soil/tissue testing to manage nutrient applications, could reduce nitrogen/phosphorus movement. The veg/w/s system may offer the necessary profit margins to allow adoption of more environmentally friendly production alternative.

scholarly journals Benefits of Baculovirus Use in IPM Strategies for Open Field and Protected Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Landwehr
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Impacts

Widespread use of synthetic chemical insecticides causes growing concern regarding the risks to human health and negative impacts on the environment. At the same time, many insects have become resistant toward synthetic chemical insecticides. Baculoviruses bring many benefits and allow reduced use of synthetic insecticides when included in integrated pest management (IPM). They are specific to their target pest and thus do not have any negative effects on plants, mammals, and non-target insects including natural enemies and pollinators. In addition, their unique mode of action makes them suitable for resistance management. We provide examples of how baculoviruses can be applied in IPM strategies for open field and protected vegetable crops. In field trials, baculovirus products were applied in rotations and tankmixes with chlorantraniliprole, Bacillus thuringiensis products, and spinosad and provided promising control of target pests. The conducted trials in open field and protected vegetables show that baculoviruses can offer an effective solution to control pests in open field and protected vegetable production. Including baculoviruses gave results as good as other application strategies tested while conferring important benefits in reducing residues and improving the resistance management strategy.

scholarly journals Adaptation and mitigation of climate change in vegetable cultivation: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. V. Koundinya ◽  
P. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
R. K. Ashadevi ◽  
Vivek Hegde ◽  
P. Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

Abstract Climate change is an unavoidable phenomenon of natural and anthropogenic origin against which mitigation and adaptation are required to reduce the magnitude of impact and vulnerability, to avoid risk in vegetable farming and to ensure sustainable livelihoods of the agricultural community. Genetic improvement of vegetable crops is an appropriate adaptation strategy to cope with climate change adversities. A combination study of genomics and phenomics provides a clear understanding of the environment's effect on the transformation of a genotype into phenotype. Grafting of a susceptible scion cultivar onto a resistant rootstock is another way of utilising plant biodiversity against climate change. Agronomic practices such as resource conservation technologies, mulching, organic farming, carbon sequestration by cropping systems and agroforestry provide a suite of possible strategies for addressing the impacts of climate change on vegetable production. Protected cultivation and post-harvest technology can be significant practices in facing the challenges of climate change. Weather forecasting models and growth simulation models can be used to predict the possible impact of climate change on vegetable crop production and they also help in framing necessary adaptation measures.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP AGRIBISNIS SAYURAN METODE HIDROPONIK STARTERKIT WICK DI KOTA KENDARI

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Asriani Asriani ◽  
Wa Embe ◽  
Fitria Nafu ◽  
Dhian Herdhiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
National Food Security

Consumption of vegetables in the community continues to increase along with the increase in population. Hydroponics is an innovation in agriculture that was developed to increase vegetable production in order to support national food security. This study aims to determine public perception on the Starterkit Wick Hydroponic method of vegetable plants. The location of the study was conducted in Wawowanggu District, Kendari City. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative analysis method with a Likert Scale which is used to measure attitudes, opinions and people's perceptions of the Starterkit Wick Hydroponics method of vegetable plants. Based on the research results obtained by community perceptions of the Starterkit Wick Hydroponics program for vegetable crops based on factors such as narrow land use, good quality, free of pests and diseases, practical, many nutrients, rapid plant growth, suitable for urban areas and as agro-tourism. In general and overall public perceptions of the hydroponic method for starterkit wick systems are at an average value of 3.58 with a high category

scholarly journals Trap cropping: Principles and possibilities of application in root vegetable production

Biljni lekar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-635
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina ◽  
Aleksandar Ivezić
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Root Vegetables

Vegetable production is one of the most intensive parts of agricultural production in Serbia. There are several different classifications of vegetable species, but the most common is based on the edible part of the plant. This classification emphasizes root vegetables as a special and very important category. During the entire vegetation period, root vegetables are exposed to numerous pests, which reduce the value and quality of the final product. In addition to insects, which represent the most numerous group of animals, vegetables are also damaged by mites, nematodes, snails, rodents and some species of birds. One of the ecologically acceptable methods in the protection of vegetables is trap cropping, whereby certain plant species, the so-called trap plants are used to attract pests, in order to reduce the damage of the main crop. In modern agricultural production, trap crops are used as a common tool in Integrated Pest Management. Rising interest of agricultural producers for trap cropping is primarily attributed to the public concern about the potential negative effects of pesticides to human and environmental health, as well as to the increasing problem of pest resistance to insecticides. Since root vegetables intended for the market are primarily in fresh condition, an important segment of production is the effective protection of vegetable crops, which implies production of healthy and safe food. In that sense, the consideration of trap crops application in protection of root vegetables is more than justified, because trap cropping represents an environmentally friendly method and an effective alternative to conventional protection of vegetables from economically important pests.

scholarly journals Vegetable Grafting: Methods, Uses and Opportunities for Nepal: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kharal ◽  
A.K. Shrestha ◽  
H.N. Giri ◽  
S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Production Resources

Grafted vegetable seedlings have been used from the early 20th century. This technique has been utilized extensively in East Asia and the European countries where it has developed as a multimillion-dollar industry. The increase in land area under protected cultivation, intensive use of land, scarcity of production resources and changing climate leading to unpredictable weather has caused a rapid increase in the use of grafted vegetables. However, in Nepal, where the productivity of vegetable crops is quite low and the breeding activities are inadequate, use of grafted vegetables is still unexploited. Therefore, this technique can be an important intervention to improve the overall production system of Solanaceous and Cucurbitaceous vegetables. Methods of vegetable grafting, their current uses, research carried out in Nepal and the possible opportunities are discussed in this review paper. Cleft, splice, tongue approach, hole- insertion and pin grafting are the methods currently in use. Grafting can be used to overcome the problems caused by various soil borne disease and nematodes and abiotic stresses like, low and high temperature stress, water stress, salinity, metal and organic pollutants while increasing the yield and extending crop duration in vegetable production. In Nepal, few research have been carried out on vegetable grafting with majority of them on assessment of tolerance to soil borne diseases. Utilization of this technique in Nepalese conditions provide ample opportunities for researchers and academicians to conduct researches and for breeding companies to develop resistant rootstocks. By implementing this method, vegetable industry can improve the overall yield, its quality and reduce hindrances in production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document