Late Cambrian ptychaspidid trilobites from western Utah: implications for trilobite systematics and biostratigraphy

2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. ADRAIN ◽  
S. R. WESTROP
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
South Central ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Notch Peak

The Notch Peak Formation (Late Cambrian, Sunwaptan) of western Utah yields diverse silicified trilobite faunas that provide new information on the anatomy of many taxa. The family Ptychaspididae Raymond, 1924, is represented by species of Keithiella Rasetti, 1944; Idiomesus Raymond, 1924; Euptychaspis Ulrich in Bridge, 1931; and Macronoda Lochman, 1964. At least four species are new, of which E. lawsonensis and M. notchpeakensis are named formally. Much previous work on Late Cambrian trilobites has emphasized biostratigraphic utility and the recognition of geographically widespread species. Data from new silicified collections indicate that this approach is difficult to justify because many putative ‘index species’ actually represent a plexus of closely related species whose biostratigraphic significance has yet to be determined. One such plexus is represented by E. kirki Kobayashi, 1935, whose previously reported occurrences in Texas, Oklahoma, Utah, Nevada and northern Canada record at least four distinct species. Similarly, Macronoda can now be shown to consist of at least five late Sunwaptan species in south-central and western North America.

Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from western North America, with a phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo-Qing ◽  
Mark V. H. Wilson ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Review of recently collected material of Eohiodon from North America suggests that there are two valid species, E. rosei (Hussakof) and E. woodroffi Wilson. Eohiodon falcatus Grande is identical to E. woodruffi in known skeletal features and nearly all meristic features and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter. The fossil genus Eohiodon Cavender differs from Hiodon Lesueur, which is known from both fossil and extant species, in numerous meristic and osteological features. The caudal skeleton in Eohiodon is nearly identical to that in Hiodon.The traditionally accepted Notopteroidei, containing Lycopteridae, Hiodontidae, and Notopteridae, is a polypheletic group. The Asian fossil family Lycopteridae is not more closely related to Hiodontidae than it is to other taxa in the Osteoglossomorpha, but is sister to all other Osteoglossomorpha. The Hiodontiformes sensu stricto, including only the family Hiodontidae, is the sister-group of the Osteoglossiformes. This family is not more closely related to notopterids than to other taxa in Osteoglossiformes. The Notopteridae are most closely related to the Mormyroidea; together they and the fossil family Ostariostomidae constitute the sister-group of the Osteoglossoidei.Fossil records of Hiodontiformes sensu stricto and Notopteroidei indicate a widespread pre-Neogene biogeographic range of these freshwater teleosts, suggesting that extinction must have been involved in the Cenozoic evolution of these two osteoglossomorph sublineages.

A New Gunnel, Pholis clemensi, from the Coast of Western North America

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Pholis clemensi, referred to the family Pholidae, is named and described from 12 specimens taken in southern British Columbia waters and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Pholis clemensi is compared with other members of the genus, and a key is given to the North American species.

Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Flag Smut ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The Family ◽  
Systemic Infections

Abstract U. agropyri causes flag smut on leaves of species in the family Poaceae. As a pathogen of grasses, it appears to have a wide host range (Mordue and Waller, 1981) and a worldwide distribution (UK CAB International, 1991). However, some authorities do not include the pathogen on wheat [Triticum aestivum], identified as Urocystis tritici, within U. agropyri. Rossman et al. (2006) place U. agropyri in the category of a "Threat to Major Crop Plants" and wheat and wheat straw imports are restricted in North America (Anon., 2005; CFIA, 2008). If the widespread species includes the wheat pathogen, then it is already present on all continents with agriculture and in major wheat-growing areas (Purdy, 1965), so it has already been introduced and may be difficult to exclude from additional areas. Both smuts are seed- and soil-borne, causing systemic infections that can be perennial in weeds and graminaceous crops, including turfgrasses. The spore balls are windborne (Purdy, 1965) and prevention of spread among wild grasses on land is not amenable to control.

Nutlet Morphology and the Use of SEMs to Determine Characteristics for Identification of Species in the Genus Cryptantha Lehm. ex G. Don Section Oreocarya (E. Greene) Payson

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Willow B. Murphy ◽  
Walter A. Kelley ◽  
Richard C. Dujay
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Differentiation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Vegetative Characters

The genus Cryptantha Lehm ex G. Don section Oreocarya (E. Greene) Payson of the family Boraginaceae presents some problems to botanists, both professional and amateur, in the keying and identification of species. The genus contains approximately 150 species, the section about 60 perennial and biennial herbs located generally in western North America. Identification has presented some taxonomic difficulty due to the variability and lack of distinctive vegetative characters. Botanists have turned to the nutlet (fruit) and flower morphology to aid in identification for precise specific differentiation. In the past, 10X magnification and a decent botanical illustrator were required to provide the illustrations necessary to assist in this identification. We are in the process of collecting micrographs of nutlets (dorsal, sagital, and ventral views) and developing a webpage containing these micrographs along with descriptions of their morphological variations.

A giant Permian fusulinid from east-central Alaska with comparisons of all giant fusulinids in western North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin H. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
East Central ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Species Groups

The discovery of a new locality yielding giant Guadalupian (Lower Permian) fusulinids in east-central Alaska extends the range of these forms much farther north than previously known, and into a tectonostratigraphic terrane from which they previously had not been reported. The number of areas from which giant parafusulinids are known in North America is thus raised to eight. Three of these localities are in rocks that previously had been referred to the allochthonous McCloud belt arc, and one, West Texas, is known to have been part of Paleozoic North America. Comparison of species from all areas suggests that there are two closely related species groups: one represented in Texas and Coahuila, and the other represented in Sonora, northern California, northeastern Washington, southern and northern British Columbia, Alaska, and apparently in Texas. These groups may differ because they are of slightly different ages or because interchange between the faunas of Texas–Coahuila area and the other regions was somewhat inhibited during the Early Permian.

scholarly journals Partial Characterization of a Closterovirus Associated with Apple Mealybug-Transmitted Little Cherry Disease in North America

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Eastwell ◽  
M. G. Bernardy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Similar Disease

Little cherry disease (LChD) is a serious economic problem of sweet cherry production in western North America where apple mealybug is the principle vector. LChD is associated with a distinct species of double-stranded (ds) RNA. In this study, filamentous virus particles were purified from LChD-infected trees and shown to contain single-stranded RNA corresponding to the previously reported dsRNA isolated from infected trees. The virus particles were characterized and were similar to monopartite members of the genus Closterovirus. A portion of the genome was sequenced and found to be most closely related to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3, a mealybug-transmitted closterovirus. The characteristics of the mealybug-transmitted Little cherry virus in North America are very different from those of a closterovirus associated with a similar disease in Europe.

Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a “new” widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIA DAMAYANTI ◽  
JESÚS MUÑOZ ◽  
SUSANN WICKE ◽  
LARS SYMMANK ◽  
BLANKA SHAW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Mediterranean

Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba species of Canada and Alaska: D. ventosa, D. ruaxes, and D. paysonii

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Hexaploid Species

The cytotaxonomy of three closely related species of Draba, of the mountains of western North America, is discussed and a key is given: D. ventosa A. Gray (2n = 36), D. ruaxes Payson & St. John (2n = ca. 72), and D. paysonii Macbride (2n = 42). Evidence is presented demonstrating that D. ventosa and D. paysonii are triploids reproducing by agamospermy whereas the hexaploid species D. ruaxes is a sexual outcrosser. The former two species produce seed apomictically without any pollen stimulation. Draba ventosa and D. ruaxes have the basic chromosome number x = 12 and D. paysonii has the base number x = 14.

scholarly journals Climbing since the early Miocene: The fossil record of Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248369
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Jud ◽  
Sarah E. Allen ◽  
Chris W. Nelson ◽  
Carolina L. Bastos ◽  
Joyce G. Chery
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cambial Variant ◽  
The Tropics

Paullinieae are a diverse group of tropical and subtropical climbing plants that belong to the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The six genera in this tribe make up approximately one-quarter of the species in the family, but a sparse fossil record limits our understanding of their diversification. Here, we provide the first description of anatomically preserved fossils of Paullinieae and we re-evaluate other macrofossils that have been attributed to the tribe. We identified permineralized fossil roots in collections from the lower Miocene Cucaracha Formation where it was exposed along the Culebra Cut of the Panama Canal. We prepared the fossils using the cellulose acetate peel technique and compared the anatomy with that of extant Paullinieae. The fossil roots preserve a combination of characters found only in Paullinieae, including peripheral secondary vascular strands, vessel dimorphism, alternate intervessel pitting with coalescent apertures, heterocellular rays, and axial parenchyma strands of 2–4 cells, often with prismatic crystals. We also searched the paleontological literature for other occurrences of the tribe. We re-evaluated leaf fossils from western North America that have been assigned to extant genera in the tribe by comparing their morphology to herbarium specimens and cleared leaves. The fossil leaves that were assigned to Cardiospermum and Serjania from the Paleogene of western North America are likely Sapindaceae; however, they lack diagnostic characters necessary for inclusion in Paullinieae and should be excluded from those genera. Therefore, the fossils described here as Ampelorhiza heteroxylon gen. et sp. nov. are the oldest macrofossil evidence of Paullinieae. They provide direct evidence of the development of a vascular cambial variant associated with the climbing habit in Sapindaceae and provide strong evidence of the diversification of crown-group Paullinieae in the tropics by 18.5–19 million years ago.

The milliped genus Tidesmus Chamberlin, 1943 (Polydesmida: Macrosternodesmidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1656 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. SHEAR ◽  
ROWLAND M. SHELLEY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Distribution

The family Macrosternodesmidae is redefined and recorded from western North America. Four small-bodied species in Arizona and California, USA, and Baja California Norté, Mexico, are assigned to Tidesmus Chamberlin 1943; Phreatodesmus and Oodedesmus, both authored by Loomis, 1960, are placed in synonymy. Phreatodesmus torreyanus Loomis, 1960 and O. variabilis Loomis, 1960, are transferred into Tidesmus as valid species; P. cooki Loomis, 1960, is a synonym of T. episcopus Chamberlin, 1943, the type species, and P. dentatus Loomis, 1960, is a synonym of P. torreyanus. Brachydesmus hastingsus Chamberlin, 1941, also is referable to Tidesmus; a topotypical male is needed to establish its identity in the absence of authentic type specimens. Tidesmus hubbsi Chamberlin, 1943, based on unidentifiable females, is geographically segregated and incompatible with the otherwise coherent generic distribution. A topotypical male is also necessary to determine its identity; for now, we remove hubbsi from Tidesmus and leave it unassigned.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document