Income Distribution and Taxation Laws of Iran

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Ferydoon Firoozi
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Small Circle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact

Our perception of the world around us, both as to what it is and what it ought to be, is influenced by a variety of factors. Among such factors are the nature of training we have received and the philosophical outlook we have been exposed to in the course of our lives. To most of us, the manifestations and the impact, if any, of the ideas that we have thus formulated do not go beyond a small circle—our mates, children, friends, and associates. For a few, it can extend to a larger circle and at times to more than one generation. In one instance, however, the impact has encompassed a nation. The Shah's reform measures have not only affected the social, economic, and political life of Iran in this generation and generations to come, but it may have altered the destiny of the country in the community of nations.

scholarly journals Dinamika Diaspora Subkultur Etnik Cina di Kota Singkawang

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Jafar Fikri Alkadrie ◽  
Gorby Faisal Hanifa ◽  
Annisa Chantika Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Politics ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Diaspora conducted by Chinese people to various regions of the world make them have their own culture with their own peculiarities, because it has acculturated with the new place where they are. One of the significant areas is Singkawang city. Singkawang is a historic place for Tionghoa ethnic, because there is where they grow and have their own civilization, complete with their sub-culture brought from China. During the reign of President Soeharto, their existence is very marginalized. They have a variety of cultures that only after the new Reformation is open to public. They have a unique sub-culture, so it takes time to be accepted in the community. Celebrations such as Imlek, Cap Gomeh and the others, are a distinct identity that falls within the indigenous communities and influences the economic, politics and cultural fields. So it is interesting to study about the Tionghoa sub-culture with it’s various dynamics, taking the background of Singkawang City, because the majority of the people are Tionghoa ethnic. The research was conducted by descriptive-qualitative methods, with the aim to describe the dynamics of Tionghoa sub-culture in Singkawang City. The result is, the dynamics of Tionghoa ethnic in Singkawang City has undergone significant changes and affect the social, economic, political life in Singkawang

The Penology of the Talmud

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim H. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Penology, or the science of punishment, has three different aspects: the technique of punishment, or the character of the various punitive measures and the means by which they are enforced and implemented; the psychology of punishment, probing into the function of punitive action, both in so far as the victim, that is the person punished, is affected, and in so far as such action is calculated to satisfy the needs or purposes of the punishing authority; and the sociology of punishment allocating to penal activity its place (as part of the legal institutional framework) in the social, economic and political life of the community. All these aspects are interconnected, and the view generally advocated (though hardly proven as yet) is that they are also interdependent: the psychological effect as well as the sociological impact of any given penalty depends, it is held, on the nature of the penalty concerned and the manner in which it is implemented. The fact cannot, however, sufficiently be stressed that any such interdependence is not, as a rule, preconceived or planned in advance. It is for the historian of penal law or penology to establish on the statistical or other data what has, in fact, been the effect or the impact of any particular punishment in any given period or community. But the penologist is not necessarily either historian or statistician. While, like the lawyer, he builds on institutions which have come down from the past, neither his theorization nor his planning is bound by precedent or past experience, and he may well dismiss the past as one great error which exists only to be rectified or eliminated. This being so, for a penology to develop it is not necessary that there should be any practical experience with the effect and impact of punishments actually imposed. It is true that in the absence of such practical experience, penology will remain an exercise in theorization and planning, not unlike the exercises in “utopian” and idealistic legislation which have occupied so many geniuses in the past; but that does not derogate from the validity of, and the scientific attention due to, the reasons and considerations underlying the theories propounded.

scholarly journals KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL, EKONOMI DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT DESA LABUHAN HAJI DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN ETNIS CINA PASCA G 30 SEPTEMBER 1965-1966

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ahmad Afandi
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Tulisan ini menggambarkan tentang terjadinya peristiwa G 30 septemberyang sempat mengguncang kehidupan politik Indonesia yang berakibat pula terhadap kehidupan sosial, ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya di Daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat yaitu Desa Labuhan Haji Kecamatan Labuhan Haji Kabupaten Lombok Timur ikut merasakan dampak dari peristiwa G 30 september tahun 1965. Sebelum terjadinya G 30 September masyarakat Labuhan Haji pernah melakukan hubungan sosial, ekonomi dan budaya dengan Etnis Cina, hubungan tersebut tidak berjalan lama, pada tahun 1965 para pengusaha Cina diusir secara paksa oleh masyarakat Lombok, karena dianggap sebagai antek PKI, hal ini disebabkan karena di Negara Cina berkembang partai Komunis. Karena adanya peristiwa G 30 september tahun 1965 para pengusaha Cina yang ada di Desa Labuhan Haji di curigai   sebagai   antek   PKI   dan   diusir   dari   daerah   Labuhan   Haji   yang mengakibatkan terpuruknya kehidupan masyarakat Labuhan Haji dan sekitarnya khususnya masyarakat Desa Labuhan Haji. This paper describes the occurrence of the events of G 30 September which had shook the Indonesian political life that also affected the social, economic and cultural life of Indonesian people, especially in West Nusa Tenggara, Labuhan Haji, Labuhan Haji Sub-District, East Lombok Regency, felt the impact of the September 30, 1965 G. events. September Labuhan Haji community once conducted social, economic and cultural relations with the Ethnic Chinese, the relationship did not go long, in 1965 Chinese businessmen were forcibly expelled by Lombok society, because it is considered as PKI's henchman, this is because in the developing Chinese Party Communist. Because of the events of G 30 September 1965 the Chinese businessmen in Labuhan Haji Village were suspected of being PKI's henchmen and expelled from Labuhan Haji area which resulted in the decline of Labuhan Haji and surrounding communities, especially the people of Labuhan Haji Village.

scholarly journals The Impact of Land Conflict on Darmakradenan Toward Social, Economic, and Politic Vulnerability in The Life of Farmers ‘Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
W Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Land Conflict ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Impact

This research is aimed to examine the impact of the Darmakradenan land conflict on the vulnerability of the social, economic and political life of the local farming community. This research is essential because the Darmakradenan conflict has been going on for around 20 years and all the conflict resolution efforts undertaken have not achieved results. This research is qualitative research that selects informants with a purposive method, including farmers, village heads and village officials, management of the farmer group Stan Ampera, plantation managers, community leaders and so on. The results of this research indicated that the two decades of Darmakradenan land conflict had an impact on the vulnerability of social, economic and political life, such as a lack of harmony between farmer groups, loss of livelihoods, tensions between farmer groups and village government, illegal acts, citizens easily ignited to act anarchist and so on. Such conditions have implications for the importance of considering social, economic and political vulnerabilities in developing efforts for real land conflict resolution.

The Impact of Social Media on the Social, Political and Economic Environments in Africa

2013 ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwabukola Adelaja
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the effect and potentials of social media as a tool for social, political, and economic change in Africa. This chapter argues that social media has become so entrenched in various facets of society that it has become a mechanism impacting social, political, and economic life in Africa. This chapter looks at the 2011 Nigerian elections and the worldwide Kony Movement against Kony the Ugandan warlord, as tools/examples of analysis. These are some of the developments that have driven the debate about the ability of social media in bringing about social, economic, and political change and participation in the African continent. The research method adopted in this chapter involves an analysis of a growing scholarship addressing the various arguments proffered on this topic. The chapter concludes by establishing the impact of social media on social, economic, and political life in Africa as well as identifying challenges posed by this development and making recommendations for the regulatory framework required to effectively harness these potentials in Africa.

scholarly journals The Transformation of Noken Papua: Understanding the Dynamics of Noken’s Commodification as the Impact of UNESCO’s Heritage Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Alice Salhuteru ◽  
Fred Keith Hutubessy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Impact

This research was motivated by previous studies that discussed Noken from various points of view but did not examine aspects of the commodification of Noken as an implication of the world heritage label from UNESCO. Noken is a native Papuan knit bag that has high cultural values, sacred entity, and a source of life; as a container for carrying garden products and animal hunting products. Noken is also a form of maturity initiation, Papuan woman who can knit noken may enter the marriage phase. Applying the qualitative method, with observations and interviews with women knitting and selling it in Jayapura as informants, this study found that: firstly, Noken had undergone massive economic commodification, started with UNESCO's recognition of inherited noken as intangible, which led to more and more traded noken. Secondly, noken has transformed values, especially about the noken value that animates them. The transformation of values in noken is a necessity in the dynamics of the social, economic, and cultural changes of the Papuan. Thirdly, by knitting and selling it, they are trying to preserve the sacred value of noken, also as a strategy to survive economically in encountering the impact of the capitalist system.

ON THE REGIME OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN RUSSIA AND ITS IMPACT UPON THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX, INCLUDING IN EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SPHERES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova ◽  
Mikhail Rodkin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The mode of development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and the impact of the epidemic on the areas of scientific research, education and functioning of the fuel and energy complex are discussed. The official statistics revealed evidence both of effectivity of the taken anti-epidemic measures in Moscow and of possible cases of incorrectness of statistical data. The social situation and the mode of development of the epidemic in Moscow and in the regions of Russia are essentially different, that reduces the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures introduced uniformly throughout the whole country. The conditions of the pandemic and quarantine are difficult for everyone, but organizations and persons with a more modern informational character of production adapt to them more easily. In general, it can be suggested that the epidemic besides the very essential losses gives an important impulse for social-economic and political modernization of the society.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic and sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Wei ◽  
Lijing Li ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Pumping elephantThe COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the lives of people around the world in millions of ways . Due to this severe epidemic, all countries in the world have been affected by all aspects, mainly economic. It is widely discussed that the COVID-19 outbreak has affected the world economy. When considering this dimension, this study aims to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy, socio-economics, and sustainability. In addition, the research focuses on multiple aspects of social well-being during the pandemic, such as employment, poverty, the status of women, food security, and global trade. To this end, the study used time series and cross-sectional analysis of the data. The second-hand data used in this study comes from the websites of major international organizations. From the analysis of secondary data, the conclusion of this article is that the impact of the pandemic is huge. The main finding of the thesis is that the social economy is affected by the pandemic, causing huge losses in terms of economic well-being and social capital.

Marital Satisfaction of Portuguese Families in Times of Social Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110098
Author(s):  
Carla Sílvia Fernandes ◽  
Bruno Magalhães ◽  
Sílvia Silva ◽  
Beatriz Edra
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global threat and crisis situation, and its wide-reaching impact has also affected marital satisfaction. Dysfunction of the marital system puts the survival of the family unit at risk. This research aimed to determine the level of marital satisfaction of Portuguese families during the social lockdown and the association between the variables under study. A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted. During the social lockdown, 276 people of Portuguese nationality and residing in Portugal were recruited using nonprobabilistic convenience sampling. Marital satisfaction in the pandemic phase showed low values that may be associated with the social, economic, and political context experienced by the pandemic situation. Future research must be carried out in order to identify, prevent, and intervene in situations of violence. In addition, future research should explore not only marital satisfaction during the current pandemic but a more systemic assessment of marital relations during crises, expanding the impact of marital satisfaction in family functioning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document