Agrarian questions and environmental dilemmas redux

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rigg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Human History ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

The world might have become, for the first time in human history, a majority urban place, but there are clearly important seams of research to mine in the Southeast Asian countryside. These six books amply show why there is a continuing interest in rural areas and agrarian living in the region.

Religious Autonomy and Religious Entrepreneurship: An Evolutionary-Institutionalist’s Take on the Axial Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Abrutyn
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Human History ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The World ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Time

AbstractThrough the first millenniumbce, religio-cultural revolutions occurred in China, Greece, Israel, and India. Commonly referred to as the Axial Age, this epoch has been identified by some scholars as period of parallel evolution in which many of the World Religions appeared for the first time and humanity was forever changed. Axial scholarship, however, remains in an early stage as many social scientists and historians question the centrality of this era in the human story, while other unsettled debates revolve around what was common across each case. The paper below considers the Axial Age from an evolutionary-institutionalist’s perspective: what was axial was (1) the first successful religio-cultural entrepreneurs in human history and, thereby, (2) the evolution of autonomous religious spheres distinct from kinship and polity. Like the Urban Revolutions that qualitatively transformed human societies 3,000 years prior, the Axial Age represents a reconfiguration of the physical, temporal, social, and symbolic space in irreversible ways.

The worst epidemics in human history

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Natalya Sakhno
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
First Time

Today the world's attention is focused on China, on the epidemic caused by coronavirus infection. As of the end of February, more than 77 thousand people affected with the disease had been registered, fatal outcome had been observed in more than 2500 cases. The Chinese authorities announced the beginning of a new epidemic at the very end of 2019. Moreover, if fatal outcomes were observed a month after the onset of mass incidence only within the country, then, in February, they went beyond its borders and were registered in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Iran, the Philippines, France and Italy. It is noteworthy that China became a source of the spread of the epidemic process not for the first time. So, in 2002 it was in this country, in Guangdong, that an outbreak of SARS was recorded, and in 1997, avian influenza spread from Hong Kong around the world. To tell the truth, the death rate from these diseases did not exceed thousands of people in both cases, and in the case of bird flu (or avian influenza), development of the disease was observed only in people eating chicken meat. It should be noted that in the entire history of the development of mankind, more people died as a result of epidemics and pandemics, than in all wars combined. Let us recall the worst epidemics in the history of mankind, the victims of which were millions of people.

scholarly journals The Indian Lessons to be Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Sonali Wavare ◽  
Archana Dhengare
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human History ◽  
Human Virus ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Human Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Living Being

Emerging pandemics indicate that people are not infallible and that communities need to be prepared. Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak was first identified in late 2019, and has now been declared a World Health Organization pandemic. Countries around the world are reacting to the virus outbreak differently. On the other hand, several other nations have put in place successful measures to control the virus, reporting a relatively limited number of cases since the pandemics started. Restrictive steps such as social distancing, lockdown, case identification, isolation, touch monitoring and exposure quarantine had shown the most effective acts to monitor the spread of the disease. This review will help readers understand that this invisible and ‘omnipresent’ virus has taught a lesson for the first time in human history that whatever human power might have, it could not subjugate every living being in this world. This has been confirmed once again by the recent invasion of this human virus. Difference in the answers of the different countries and their outcomes,  based on that country's experience, India responded accordingly to the pandemic. Only time will tell how well India comes up against the outbreak. We also propose the potential approaches the global community will take in handling and minimizing the emergency.

scholarly journals New directions in development of city energy systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Branko Crncevic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Institute ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Future Population

At the world level, the 20th century saw an increase from 220 million urbanites in 1900 to 2.84 billion in year 2000. The present century will match this absolute increase in about four decades. Developing regions, as a whole, will account for 93% of this growth [1]. Until now humankind has lived and worked primarily in rural areas. But the world is about to leave its rural past behind. Today we are witness, for the first time, that more than half of the globe?s population is living in towns and cities. The number and proportion of urban dwellers will continue to rise quickly. Urban population will grow to 4.9 billion by 2030. At the global level, all of future population growth will be in towns and cities [1]. Two centuries ago there was only one city on the planet that could say it had a million inhabitants - that was London. Today more than 400 cities can boast that - 408 to be precise, according to the Earth Policy Institute. But today a population of 1 million people means nothing; we are moving into the era of megacities of 10 million (and more) people. Today, there are 20 so-called megacities, whose population, and therefore energy needs, easily exceed some countries population, according to Earth Policy Institute. More people now live in Tokyo than Canada, for example [2]. Despite only occupying 2% of the world's surface area, they are responsible for 75% of the world's energy consumption.

International Telesupervision: The Clinical Fellowship Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
David W. Rule ◽  
Lisa N. Kelchner
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Access To Services ◽  
East African ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
National Certification

Telepractice technology allows greater access to speech-language pathology services around the world. These technologies extend beyond evaluation and treatment and are shown to be used effectively in clinical supervision including graduate students and clinical fellows. In fact, a clinical fellow from the United States completed the entire supervised clinical fellowship (CF) year internationally at a rural East African hospital, meeting all requirements for state and national certification by employing telesupervision technology. Thus, telesupervision has the potential to be successfully implemented to address a range of needs including supervisory shortages, health disparities worldwide, and access to services in rural areas where speech-language pathology services are not readily available. The telesupervision experience, potential advantages, implications, and possible limitations are discussed. A brief guide for clinical fellows pursuing telesupervision is also provided.

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

First report of Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in India as parasitoid of coffee stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
A. Roobakkumar ◽  
H.G. Seetharama ◽  
P. Krishna Reddy ◽  
M.S. Uma ◽  
A. P. Ranjith
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Rinamba opacicollis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was collected from Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India for the first time from the larvae of white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat infesting arabica coffee. Its role in the biological or integrated control of X. quadripes remains to be evaluated. White stem borer could be the first host record of this parasitoid all over the world.

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

History Turmoil And Politico-Cultural Conditions of the Sub-Continental Men In Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran N ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Salman Rushdie ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
First Time

Salman Rushdie remains a major Indian writer in English. His birth coincides with the birth of a new modern nation on August 15, 1947. He has been justly labelled by the critics as a post-colonial writer who knows his trade well. His second novel Midnight’s Children was published in 1981 and it raised a storm in the hitherto middle class world of fiction writing both in English and in vernaculars. Rushdie for the first time burst into the world of fiction with subversive themes like impurity, illegitimacy, plurality and hybridity. He understands that a civilization called India may be profitably understood as a dream, a collage of many colours, a blending of cultures and nationalities, a pluralistic society and in no way unitary.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of South Ossetia (Caucasus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
E. Yu. Kuzmina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

Information on the Sphagnum mosses of the South Ossetia is generalized, the resulted list is presented. Nine species of Sphagnum are included in the list, whereabouts data and references to the publications are given, and the presence of a sample in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE) is noted. The species Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb. ex Braithw.) Warnst. rarely occurring in the Caucasus is reported in the South Ossetia for the first time. The species was found in the Caucasus, South Ossetia, at the side of the Ertso Lake (42°28ʹN, 43°45ʹE), 1720 m a. s. l., among sedge thickets at the margin of the overgrowing lake. The peculiarities of its occurrence and ecological conditions are considered. Its distribution in the Caucasus and in the world is discussed.

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