The Indonesian Military and Economic Policy

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rudner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
New Order ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
Crisis Situation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ancien Régime

Nothing foments institutional change so much as a sense of past institutional failure. The New Order that came into being as a result of the October 1965 assumption of power by the ABRI (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia) inherited a crisis situation in economic policy. Decades of economic decay and capital dis-investment had brought the Indonesian economy to the brink of catastrophe. However, just as all revolutions are born in an ancien régime, so the heritage of the bygone Sukarno era left control of the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy at the disposal of the state and thereby eased the institutional transformation.

The Popular Army of the Republic, Fall 1936–39

Desertion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 114-140
Author(s):  
Théodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Costly Signals ◽  
Military Discipline

This chapter investigates the militia summer of 1936, which had been a summer of both chaos and valor in the defense of the Republic. It describes the militias that arose to fight the rebels, which varied widely in their insistence that combatants send costly signals of commitment to fight. It also clarifies how the Republic transformed its armed forces to regularize them and put power back in the hands of the state by imposing military discipline and a single command structure on its militia forces. The chapter argues that the new discipline rules imposed costly signals of commitment on volunteers, requiring that they sign on to more demanding forms of warfare. It discusses the Republic's recruitment of less-committed troops by imposing conscription at the same time.

INFLUENCE OF THE REFORM OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND, CONDUCTED IN THE YEARS 2009-2016, ON THE SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY IN THE OPINION OF CITIZENS

2020 ◽  
Vol XIII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Justyna Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Social Opinions ◽  
The Impact

The conflict in Ukraine in 2014 raised questions in Poland about the legitimacy and effectiveness of the reform of the Polish army, which began in 2009. The abandonment of universal conscription and professionalization of the army resulted in a decrease in the number of people who underwent military training. And this began to raise concerns about the security of the state and its citizens. Research on the professionalization of the army and the impact of this decision on the increase or decrease of threats is important for Polish citizens. The article presents social opinions on this topic

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF STATE AND MILITARY MANAGEMENT TO COUNTER TERRORISM IN MODERN KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Baurzhan ABZHANOV
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the specifics of the activities of the state and military management bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan to counter terrorism at the present stage. The necessity of using the Armed Forces in countering terrorism in the context of military security has been substantiated. The interaction of various state structures, power structures and civil society institutions is analyzed.

scholarly journals Bintang Jasa – The Indonesian Star of Service

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Anton O. Zakharov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
The State ◽  
New Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The award system of Indonesia reflects its political development. The first Order of Indonesia—the Guerilla Star (Bintang Gerilya)—was instituted in 1949, to praise the participants of the anti-colonial struggle for Inde-pendence. Ten years later, the award system of Indonesia included several orders—the Star of the Republic of Indonesia (Bintang Republik Indonesia), the Star of Mahaputera (Bintang Mahaputera), the Sacred Star (Bintang Sakti), the Military Distinguished Service Star (Bintang Dharma), the Guerilla Star, and the Garuda Star (Bintang Garuda). At least four of them were essentially military whereas the Star of the Republic of Indonesia and the Star of Mahaputera may have been bestowed to the army commanders. The connection of the award system with the rise of the Indonesian Army seems obvious. But the state apparatus of Indonesia included many officials who also needed visible signs of recognition. In 1963, President Sukarno instituted a new Order—the Bintang Jasa, or the Star of Service. It serves as a typical award for state officials, politicians and other Indonesian citizens as well as for foreign diplomats whose service to the Indonesian State is considered valuable.

scholarly journals Dwi Fungsi ABRI : Melacak Sejarah Keterlibatan ABRI dalam Kehidupan Sosial Politik dan Perekonomian Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Anwar Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
New Order ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

This paper examines the historical roots of the emergence of the involvement of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia (ABRI) in the socio-political field, especially several reasons that form the basis of government policy to involve ABRI in the socio-political and economic fields, as well as ABRI’s own efforts to play a role in these fields. This historical approach research concluded that ABRI’s involvement in the socio-political field in Indonesia had begun since the government of Guided Democracy under President Soekarno. Politically, the reason for Soekarno’s inclusion of the military in his government structure was due to the failure of civilian politicians in formulating state ideology with no agreement between parties in the constituent assembly. This failure is considered to endanger national political stability and threaten the integrity of the country. For this reason, President Soekarno recruited the military to balance civilian politicians in his government. Along with its involvement in the socio-political field, ABRI also plays a role in socio-economics. Although at first, this role was limited to securing national private companies which were legacies of foreign companies, but during the New Order government, the dual function of ABRI was confirmed and its role was wider. Almost all strategic economic sectors are controlled by ABRI.

scholarly journals DELOVANJE SLOVENSKE VOJSKE V ČASU EPIDEMIJE COVIDA-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
TANJA KREMŽAR KOVAČ
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Unit ◽  
International Operations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Military ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
At Home

V prispevku je predstavljen pojav epidemije covida-19 v Republiki Sloveniji, s poudarkom na delovanju Slovenske vojske. Opisujemo odziv Slovenske vojske na epidemijo in postopke ter procese, ki jih je izvajala na svojih nalogah tako doma kot v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah v tujini, ter omogočila dodatno podporo državi in državljanom pri spoprijemanju z novim virusom. Poudarek je na postopkih in procesih, vodenih v Vojaški zdravstveni enoti, za spremljanje epidemioloških razmer. Delovanje Slovenske vojske, ki se navezuje na delovanje njihovih zdravstvenih enot med epidemijo covid-19, primerjamo z nekaterimi drugimi oboroženimi silami. Ključne besede covid-19, epidemija, virus, Slovenska vojska, Vojaška zdravstvena enota. Abstract The article presents the phenomenon of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Republic of Slovenia with focus on the activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces. It describes the response of the Slovenian Armed Forces to the epidemic, and the procedures and processes applied as part of its missions at home and in international operations and missions abroad. These activities provided additional support to the state and its citizens in dealing with the new virus. The emphasis is put on the procedures and processes of the Military Medical Unit aimed at monitoring the epidemiological situation. Additionally, the epidemic-related activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces and its medical units are compared to the activities of several other armed forces. Key words COVID-19, epidemic, virus, Slovenian Armed Forces, Military Medical Unit

Analyzing the standard of living in the Chechen Republic in 2010–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2702-2723
Author(s):  
S.S. Reshiev ◽  
A.S. Vagapov ◽  
U.A. El'murzaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Regional

Subject. The article addresses the standard of living of the population in the Chechen Republic during 2010–2019. Objectives. We focus on developing a set of substantiated proposals for the agents of the State regional and socio-economic policy in the Chechen Republic, aimed at increasing the level of development and competitiveness of the region's economy. Methods. The paper employs the systems analysis, general scientific and economic-statistical research methods. Results. The study shows that the standard of living of the population in the Chechen Republic in 2010–2018 improved at a faster pace than in other subjects, included in the analysis. We demonstrate that high growth rates of the standard of living during the period under study have been achieved, first of all, due to the effectiveness of all development programs implemented in the region. Based on the performed analysis, we offer a set of reasonable measures for the agents of socio-economic policy in the Chechen Republic, enabling to create an effective competitive economy in the Republic within the foreseeable future. Conclusions. To improve the standard of living in the Chechen Republic to the average Russia’s level in the foreseeable future, the conductors of the State regional policy should solve specific tasks. It will also enable the Chechen Republic to fully and on a mutually beneficial basis integrate into the single socio-economic space of the country and world economic processes.

Ensuring Food Security in the Context of the Development of Integration Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Saniya SAGINOVA ◽  
Rauza ABELDINA ◽  
Valeriy BIRYUKOV ◽  
Gulnar SAPAROVA ◽  
Alken TEMIRBULATOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food System ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

Food security is one of the main objectives of the agrarian and economic policy of the state. In its general form, it forms the vector of movement of any national food system to an ideal state. Analysis of indicators of the state of the food market and the provision of the population with food, the selection of the most optimal of them for making effective management decisions is an important task in developing a strategy for ensuring the country's food security. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article analyses the statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan on ensuring food security in the country.

scholarly journals Involvement of the Indonesian National Military (TNI) in Legislation about Anti-Terrorism:

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
New Order ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Law System ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

Changes in the international humanitarian legal system in a global context have shifted, as the first war identified with an inter-state ceasefire. Today, the war party is not only a state but also the aftermath of the 9/11 tragedy marked by non-state war actors, a terrorist attack. In Indonesia, the issue of terrorism becomes a serious concern after the first Bali Bombing, the second Bali Bombing, and other terrorist tragedies. Lately, the discourse of TNI involvement in the eradication of terrorism in Indonesia through the formation of the Anti-Terrorism Act. According to the issue, the research problems are (1) TNI's authority elements to combat terrorism in the Indonesian legal system; (2) the International humanitarian law system regulates the involvement of the military on combating terrorism. The results of the study are (1) after the fall of New Order regime in 1998, the dual function of ABRI (Indonesian Armed Forces during Suharto's era) had dissolved, and this implied the limited authority of TNI to maintain the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) sovereignty at the border. The authority of the TNI on combating terrorism, following Act No.34, 2004 section 7 articles (3) about TNI, mentions that the fight against terrorism deals with criminal methods. Except for war aggression, related to terrorism that threatens the State sovereignty and not against terrorism that occurs in the community on the Anti-Terrorism Act. If TNI wants to be involved in combating terrorism, it must be following the 1945 constitution, of which terrorism is part of non-international armed conflict, in which the power of command is in the hands of the President.

scholarly journals Cooperation and collaboration between the Polish Police and Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in terms of ensuring security and public order

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Dominika Rozborska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
State And Society ◽  
General Obligation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vast Area

Ensuring security and public order is one of the most important, constitutional objectives of the State and at the same time the task of many public authorities. The Police is leading, uniformed and armed formation in a system of public safety authorities whose overriding operating objective, determined by the legislator is to serve the society by protecting people’s safety and maintaining security and public order. However, in carrying out tasks related to such vast area of activity, the Police does not have to be unassisted. Natural partner for the Police is the army, despite the fact that the main task of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland is to protect the State and society from external military threat. This study aims to characterize formal foundations and scope of cooperation between Polish Police and Armed Forces in terms of ensuring security and public order. For this purpose, legal basis for providing support for the Police by the Polish Armed Forces under the laws on: state of emergency, natural disaster, crisis management, the Police, counter-terrorism actions and general obligation to defend the Republic of Poland and issued regulations based on them were examined. This article also refers to the issue of cooperation of the Police with the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland on the basis of concluded agreements.

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