Self-reported perception of healthy eating behaviour through on-line tool is associated with healthy weight status and food intake

Theoretical models suggest that food-related visual attentional bias (AB) may be related to appetitive motivational states and individual differences in body weight; however, findings in this area are equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and series of meta-analyses to determine if there is a positive association between food-related AB and: (1.) body mass index (BMI) (number of effect sizes (k)=110), (2.) hunger (k=98), (3.) subjective craving for food (k=35), and (4.) food intake (k=44). Food-related AB was robustly associated with craving (r = .134 (95% CI .061, .208); p < .001), food intake (r = .085 (95% CI .038, .132); p < .001), and hunger (r = .048 (95% CI .016, .079); p = .003), but these correlations were small. Food-related AB was unrelated to BMI (r =.008 (95% CI -.020, .035); p = .583) and this result was not moderated by type of food stimuli, method of AB assessment, or the subcomponent of AB that was examined. Furthermore, in a between-groups analysis (k = 22) which directly compared participants with overweight/obesity to healthy-weight control groups, there was no evidence for an effect of weight status on food-related AB (Hedge’s g = 0.104, (95% CI -0.050, 0.258); p =.186). Taken together, these findings suggest that food-related AB is sensitive to changes in the motivational value of food, but is unrelated to individual differences in body weight. Our findings question the traditional view of AB as a trait-like index of preoccupation with food and have implications for novel theoretical perspectives on the role of food AB in appetite control and obesity.

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Eating behaviour and retro-nasal aroma release in normal-weight and overweight adults: a pilot study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511000146 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nicolien Zijlstra ◽

Andrea Johanna Bukman ◽

Monica Mars ◽

Annette Stafleu ◽

Rianne M. A. J. Ruijschop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Eating Rate ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Aroma Release ◽

Bite Size ◽

Significant Difference

Eating rate and bite size are important factors affecting food intake, and we hypothesise the underlying role of oral sensory exposure in this. However, the latter currently lacks objective measuring parameters, but an interesting measure could be the extent ofin vivoretro-nasal aroma release. Second, the literature is ambiguous about overweight subjects differing from normal-weight subjects in eating behaviour. Consequently, we investigated: (1) whether eating behaviour (food intake, eating rate, bite size, number of bites and meal duration) relates to weight status and (2) whether the extent of retro-nasal aroma release relates to eating behaviour and weight status. A matched group (sex, age and dietary restraint) of twenty-seven normal-weight (BMI 21·8 (sd1·6) kg/m2) and twenty-seven overweight/obese subjects (BMI 30·5 (sd5·8) kg/m2) consumed a spiced rice meal and apple pie yogurt on separate test days. The extent of retro-nasal aroma release was measured on a third test day. Mean bite size for spiced rice was significantly (P = 0·03) larger in overweight/obese (10·3 (sd3·2) g)v.normal-weight subjects (8·7 (sd2·1) g). There were no other significant differences in eating behaviour or retro-nasal aroma release between the groups. Eating behaviours were not correlated with BMI or retro-nasal aroma release. Subjects showed consistent eating behaviour for both test products. Eating behaviour might be a characteristic of an individual but not by definition a characteristic for a group of people based on their weight. Given the large sample sizes, necessary according toa posteriorisample size calculations, one needs to consider the relevance of finding a statistically significant difference in eating behaviour between the weight groups in a laboratory setting.

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Television advertisements for high-sugar foods and beverages: effect on children’s snack food intake

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003116 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Justin Kearney ◽

Rhian Fitzgerald ◽

Girvan Burnside ◽

Susan Higham ◽

Norah Flannigan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Dental Health ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Food Advertising ◽

Snack Food ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

High Sugar ◽

Advertising Exposure ◽

The Impact

Abstract Energy-dense food advertising affects children’s eating behaviour. However, the impact of high-sugar food advertising specifically on the intake of sweet foods is underexplored. This study sought to determine whether children would increase their intake of sugar and total energy following high-sugar food advertising (relative to toy advertising) and whether dental health, weight status and socio-economic status (SES) would moderate any effect. In a crossover, randomised controlled trial, 101 UK children (forty male) aged 8–10 years were exposed to high-sugar food/beverage and toy advertisements embedded within a cartoon. Their subsequent intake of snack foods and beverages varying in sugar content was measured. A dental examination was performed, and height and weight measurements were taken. Home postcode provided by parents was used to assign participants to SES quintiles. Children consumed a significantly greater amount of energy (203·3 (95 % CI 56·5, 350·2) kJ (48·6 (95 % CI 13·5, 83·7) kcal); P = 0·007) and sugar (6·0 (95 % CI 1·3, 10·7) g; P = 0·012) following food advertisements compared with after toy advertisements. This was driven by increased intake of the items with most sugar (chocolate and jelly sweets). Children of healthy weight and with dental caries had the greatest intake response to food advertising exposure, but there were no differences by SES. Acute experimental food advertising exposure increases food intake in children. Specifically, high-sugar food and beverage advertising promotes the consumption of high-sugar food items. The debate around the negative health effects of food advertising on children should be widened to include dental health as well as overall dietary health and obesity.

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Maintaining healthy eating behaviour: experiences and perceptions of young adults

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-06-2013-0077 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 156-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Vanessa Allom ◽

Barbara Mullan

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Implicit Theories ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Self Control ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Content Type

Purpose – The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in young adults who recently have been shown to experience more weight gain than other demographics. Research has focused on factors leading to this weight gain, implicating the abundance of unhealthy foods in the direct environment, yet limited research has examined why some individuals are able to successfully regulate their eating behaviour in this “food-rich environment”. The aim of this research was to explore the perceptions and experiences of successful healthy eaters in order to determine factors that distinguish this group from unhealthy eaters. Design/methodology/approach – Thirty-five healthy weight young adults, who considered themselves to be healthy eaters, participated in seven semi-structured focus groups. Key questions examined how these individuals regulated their eating behaviour and their perceptions regarding such self-control processes. Findings – Thematic analysis revealed that individuals who are successful at maintaining healthy eating behaviour perceive the same barriers as non-successful individuals, yet are able to employ self-control techniques to overcome these barriers. Additionally, continually exerting self-control appeared to facilitate the formation of healthy eating habits. Research limitations/implications – Future research may benefit from attempting to modify self-control ability and develop healthy habits. Originality/value – While factors leading to obesity and the cognitions of those who are overweight have been extensively examined, limited research has focused on those who are able to regulate their eating behaviour. Additionally, limited qualitative research has examined implicit theories of self-control in an eating context.

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Changes in Dietary Intake After an 8-week Meal-Kit Delivery Program in Adults With an Overweight Condition or Obesity

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab051_022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 978-978

Author(s):

Maryam KheirmandParizi ◽

Sara Sorrini ◽

Hugues Plourde ◽

Tamara Cohen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Food Intake ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Eating Behaviours

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to explore changes in dietary intake and body composition in adults living with an overweight condition and obesity who participated in an 8-week meal kit delivery program that included tutorials on nutrition and eating behaviours. Methods Thirty-four healthy adults (aged 18--65 y) classified as either overweight or obese (25 < body mass index [BMI] <40 kg/m2) were randomly (1:1:1) divided into three groups: Control, Nutrition, and Behaviour. At baseline and at 10-weeks, anthropometrics were measured and body composition was analyzed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Participants recorded their food intake for three non-consecutive days at both time points, which was then analyzed for macronutrients, water consumption and fruit and vegetable intakes. Over the 8-weeks, meal-kits were delivered to all participants. Each week, the control (n = 11) received weekly handout of healthy eating and nutrition education, Nutrition (n = 11) had access to online tutorials about healthy eating and nutrition education and the Behaviour group had access to online eating behaviour tutorials. Repeated-measures, mixed model ANOVA were used to compare changes in outcome measures. Results Thirty-four participants completed the food diaries and body composition analysis (mean age 30.8 ± 11.2 y and mean BMI 30.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2). Significant differences were seen in water intake between Nutrition (791.2 ± 273.0 g) and Behaviour (1112.5 ± 197.6 g) (P = 0.03). Body composition and macronutrient intakes did not significantly differ among groups and/or over time. However, total intake of fruits and vegetables after the intervention was significantly different between Behaviour (5.85 ± 2.8 serving) and Nutrition (3.4 ± 1.4 serving) (P = 0.01). Conclusions Meal-kit delivery with the added nutrition education and eating behaviours resulted in positive changes in food intake in adults living with an overweight condition and obesity. Future work should consider longer-term follow-up with larger sample sizes to confirm these findings. Funding Sources R. Howard Webster Foundation

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Mechanisms of stigma and promotion of healthy weight status

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e514472015-425 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Savoy ◽

Marlene Williams ◽

Valerie Douglas

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Healthy Weight

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Defining Nutritional and Functional Niches of Legumes: A Call for Clarity to Distinguish a Future Role for Pulses in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1100

Author(s):

Chelsea Didinger ◽

Henry J. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Weight Status ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Health Concern ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Food Groups ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽

Dietary Components

Legume food crops can contribute to the solution of diet-related public health challenges. The rich diversity of the botanical family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) allows legumes to fill numerous nutritional niches. Pulses (i.e., a subgroup of legumes including chickpeas, cowpeas, dry beans, dry peas, and lentils) are a nutrient-dense food that could play a key role in eliminating the dramatic underconsumption of dietary fiber and potassium, two dietary components of public health concern, all while maintaining a caloric intake that promotes a healthy weight status. However, incorrect use of terminology—in the commercial and scientific literature as well as in publications and materials prepared for the consuming public—creates confusion and represents a barrier to dissemination of clear dietary guideline messaging. The use of accurate terminology and a simple classification scheme can promote public health through differentiation among types of legumes, better informing the development and implementation of nutritional policies and allowing health care professionals and the public to capitalize on the health benefits associated with different legumes. Although inconsistent grouping of legumes exists across countries, the recently released 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) were chosen to illustrate potential challenges faced and areas for clarification. In the 2020–2025 DGA, pulses are included in two food groups: the protein food group and ‘beans, peas, lentils’ vegetable subgroup. To evaluate the potential of pulses to contribute to intake of key dietary components within calorie recommendations, we compared 100 kilocalorie edible portions of pulses versus other foods. These comparisons demonstrate the unique nutritional profile of pulses and the opportunity afforded by this type of legume to address public health concerns, which can be greatly advanced by reducing confusion through global harmonization of terminology.

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Changes in Health Behaviors Associated With Weight Gain by Weight Classification During the COVID-19 Pandemic

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/08901171211022958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089011712110229

Author(s):

Kristie Rupp ◽

Ciarán P. Friel

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Online Panels

Purpose: To determine whether perceived changes (i.e. perception of engagement during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic) in specific health behaviors differ by weight status (i.e. healthy weight, overweight, obese). Design: Cross-sectional. Recruitment took place between June-August 2020, via social media posts and Qualtrics online panels. Setting: Participants completed the survey online through the Qualtrics platform. Sample: Analyses included N = 502 participants (≥18 years); 45.2% healthy weight (n = 227), 28.5% overweight (n = 143), and 26.3% obese (n = 132). Measures: Study-specific survey items included questions about demographics and perceived changes in health behaviors. Analysis: Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, and COVID-19 diagnosis, assessed the odds of perceiving changes in health behaviors considered a risk for weight gain. Results: Participants with obesity, but not overweight, were significantly more likely to report deleterious changes to health behaviors compared to healthy weight peers, including: (1) decreased fruit/vegetable consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.13, 3.26)]; (2) increased processed food consumption [AOR = 1.85; 95%CI: (1.15, 3.00)]; (3) increased caloric intake [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: (1.06, 2.61)]; (4) decreased physical activity [AOR = 2.07; 95%CI: (1.31, 3.28)]; and (5) deterioration in sleep quality [AOR = 2.07; 95%CI: (1.32, 3.25)]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adults with obesity may be at greater risk for unhealthy behaviors during a period of prolonged social distancing, potentially exacerbating the obesity epidemic.

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Effect of Children’s Weight Status on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during Physical Education, Recess, and After School

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2651

Author(s):

Zachary C. Pope ◽

Charles Huang ◽

David Stodden ◽

Daniel J. McDonough ◽

Zan Gao

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Elementary School ◽

Physical Education ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Body Mass ◽

Weight Status ◽

After School ◽

Healthy Weight

Children’s body mass index may affect physical activity (PA) participation. Therefore, this study examined the effect of children’s weight status on underserved elementary school children’s PA and sedentary behavior (SB) throughout the segmented day. Participants were 138 children (X¯age = 8.14 years). Children’s height and weight were measured with subsequent classification of children as healthy weight or overweight/obese. Durations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and SB during physical education (PE), morning recess, lunch recess, after school, and overall were assessed via accelerometry over three days. Independent t-tests evaluated differences in children’s MVPA, LPA, and SB during each daily segment by weight status. Significantly higher MVPA was observed for children of healthy weight status versus children with overweight/obesity during morning recess, t(136) = 2.15, p = 0.03, after school, t(136) = 2.68, p < 0.01, and overall, t(136) = 2.65, p < 0.01. Interestingly, comparisons of children of healthy weight status and children with overweight/obesity’s LPA and SB during the after-school segment revealed a trend wherein children with overweight/obesity participated in slightly greater LPA/less SB than children of healthy weight status. Higher MVPA was observed among children of healthy weight versus children with overweight/obesity during most daily segments. Concerted efforts should focus on increasing MVPA among children with overweight/obesity.

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A Review of Various Parental Aspects Influencing Food Intake and Weight Status in Children

Topics in Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1097/tin.0b013e3182193020 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kendra Kattelmann ◽

Chaitanya Doddivenaka

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Weight Status

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