scholarly journals The consumption of ultra-processed foods by fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans is associated with the duration and commencing age of diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine Gehring ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Julia Baudry ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Camille Buscail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processed Foods ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Vegetarian Diets ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionIn Western countries, the growing availability of animal products alternatives such as plant-based drinks or vegetarian patties for vegetarians and vegans, suggest that there could be an increase of their consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). However, very little is known about the share of UPFs, and inversely unprocessed foods (UnPFs), in their diet. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the proportion of UPFs and UnPFs, in adults from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, according to three types of vegetarian diets compared to meat-eaters. The relationship between diet characteristics such as duration and commencing age of the diet, and the share of UPFs, and UnPFs, were also studied among individuals following vegetarian diets.Materials and MethodsThe study population (n = 21,212) was divided into 4 groups: 19,812 meat eaters, 646 fish-eaters, 500 vegetarians and 254 vegans. Daily food intakes, adjusted for sex, age and total energy intake, were collected using repeated 24-h dietary records. Vegetarian diets were described according to indicators of UPFs and UnPFs, and the Healthy and Unhealthy plant-based Diet Indices (hPDI/uPDI). In a sub-sample without meat eaters (n = 1,400), multivariable linear regression models were performed to assess the association between UPF consumptions and diet characteristics.ResultsUPFs accounted for 33.0%, 32.5%, 37.0% and 39.5% respectively for meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. On the contrary, UnPFs accounted for 29%, 29%, 27% and 31%. The means of uPDI and hPDI indices were respectively equal to 54.0, 53.2, 56.9 and 59.9, and 53.5, 60.6, 61.4 and 67.9 for meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans. Concerning diet characteristics, a shorter duration of being vegetarian, or a younger age at commencing of the diet was significantly associated with increased consumptions of UPFs (respectively p = 0.0010 and p < 0.0001).DiscussionWe showed that vegetarians can be distinguished according to the share of both UPFs and UnPFs in their diet, but also concerning the diet quality according to hPDI and uPDI. Thus, the share of UPFs in the diet and associated characteristics such duration and commencing age of the diet, should be considered in future studies about the link between vegetarianisms and health.

scholarly journals Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods by Pesco-Vegetarians, Vegetarians, and Vegans: Associations with Duration and Age at Diet Initiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine Gehring ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Julia Baudry ◽  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Camille Buscail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

ABSTRACT Background There is a growing availability of industrial plant-based meat and dairy substitutes that can be classified as ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Very little is known about the consumption of UPFs by vegetarians. Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study, from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, was to describe the contribution of UPFs to different vegetarian diets, in relation to the nutritional quality of their diet, and determinants of UPF consumption, including duration and age at vegetarian diet initiation. Methods The study population (n = 21,212) was divided into 4 groups: 19,812 meat eaters, 646 pesco-vegetarians, 500 vegetarians, and 254 vegans. Daily food intakes were collected using repeated 24-h dietary records. Vegetarian diets were described by the proportion of energy from UPFs and the nutritional quality of the diet using healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (PDIs). In a subsample without meat eaters (n = 1,400), a multivariable linear regression model was performed to study the association between UPF consumption and its determinants. Results Higher avoidance of animal-based foods was associated with a higher consumption of UPFs (P &lt; 0.001), with UPFs supplying 33.0%, 32.5%, 37.0%, and 39.5% of energy intakes for meat eaters, pesco-vegetarians, vegetarians, and vegans. The nutritional quality of diets was also associated with the level of animal-based foods avoidance (P &lt; 0.001), with healthy PDIs at 53.5, 60.6, 61.3 and 67.9 for meat-eaters, pesco-vegetarians, vegetarians, and vegans. Short duration and young age at diet initiation were associated with an increased consumption of UPFs (βage at initiation = −0.003, P = 0.001; βduration = −0.002, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Not all vegetarian diets necessarily have health benefits, because of potential adverse effects of UPFs on nutritional quality and healthiness of diet. UPF consumption by vegetarians and their diet characteristics should be considered in future studies on the links between vegetarianism and health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.

scholarly journals The role of food processing in the inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Carolina Assis Silva ◽  
Izabela Da Silva Santos ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hebert ◽  
Lívia Castro Crivellenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
The Relationship

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the energy contribution (E%) of foods according to the degree of industrial processing and the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) in pregnancy. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from each of the 784 pregnant women. Adjusted linear regression models allowed observing an inverse association between E-DII scores and E% from minimally processed foods β = -0.049 (95%CI -0.055– -0.042) and a direct association with the E% of ultra-processed foods β = 0.052 (95%CI 0.045–0.058), indicating a relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and the degree of industrial processing of foods.

Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Somerville ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Sue Fletcher-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.

Usia Resiko Tinggi dan Perdarahan Post Partum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ani Media Harumi ◽  
Kasiati Kasiati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of age high risk with the incidence ofbleeding post partum in dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital. This research is analytic with an approachof a sectional cross. The study population was all post partum mothers in the Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabayahospital in January 2016 to March 2017, which amounts to an average of 1840respondents while theresearch sample number 182. Measuring collection sheet data obtained by systematic random sampling.The Study was conducted Chi-Square test obtained mean count X2 (0,00) is less than á (0.05) thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted it means that there is a relationship between the age of high risk withbleeding post partum. Conclusion, there is a relationship between the age of high risk with the incidenceof bleeding post partum in the Spaceof the Maternity room Dr. Moch. Soewandhie Surabayahospital.

RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS OF WORK MOTIVATION AND PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP TO UNDERSTAND FUNCTIONAL EMPLOYMENT BEHAVIOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Abdul Rivai
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Participative Leadership ◽  
Structural Position ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Participatory Leadership ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine and understand the relationship between work motivation and participatory leadership with the work behavior of the Functional Staff of the Education and Culture Office of East Nusa Tenggara Province because the Province of East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces whose development and growth is relatively slower compared to other provinces in Indonesia. The study population was the functional staff who did not have a structural position of 94 people. Samples were taken as many as 75 people. Data collection using a questionnaire instrument.Based on hypothesis testing, this study found: (1) there was a relationship between work motivation and work behavior in which work motivation contributed 49.29% to work behavior, (2) there was a positive relationship between participative leadership and work behavior in which participative leadership contributed 51.49% of work behavior, and there is a positive relationship between work motivation and participatory leadership together with work behavior. Where work motivation and participatory leadership together contribute 67.01% to work behavior. From the three findings, the conclusions of this study are stated that: (a) Work behavior provides a good relationship to increase work motivation, (b) Work behavior can be improved by considering participatory leadership, by involving employees in every decision making, respecting opinions and proposals employees, and enhance collaboration.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Creatine Kinase Response in Youth National Team Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812199938
Author(s):  
Gabor Schuth ◽  
Gyorgy Szigeti ◽  
Gergely Dobreff ◽  
Peter Revisnyei ◽  
Alija Pasic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
National Team ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous studies have examined the relationship between external training load and creatine kinase (CK) response after soccer matches in adults. This study aimed to build training- and match-specific CK prediction models for elite youth national team soccer players. Hypothesis: Training and match load will have different effects on the CK response of elite youth soccer players, and there will be position-specific differences in the most influential external and internal load parameters on the CK response. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Forty-one U16-U17 youth national team soccer players were measured over an 18-month period. Training and match load were monitored with global positioning system devices. Individual CK values were measured from whole blood every morning in training camps. The dataset consisted of 1563 data points. Clustered prediction models were used to examine the relationship between external/internal load and consecutive CK changes. Clusters were built based on the playing position and activity type. The performance of the linear regression models was described by the R2 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE, U/L for CK values). Results: The prediction models fitted similarly during games and training sessions ( R2 = 0.38-0.88 vs 0.6-0.77), but there were large differences based on playing positions. In contrast, the accuracy of the models was better during training sessions (RMSE = 81-135 vs 79-209 U/L). Position-specific differences were also found in the external and internal load parameters, which best explained the CK changes. Conclusion: The relationship between external/internal load parameters and CK changes are position specific and might depend on the type of session (training or match). Morning CK values also contributed to the next day’s CK values. Clinical Relevance: The relationship between position-specific external/internal load and CK changes can be used to individualize postmatch recovery strategies and weekly training periodization with a view to optimize match performance.

scholarly journals Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4448
Author(s):  
Alberto Dianin ◽  
Elisa Ravazzoli ◽  
Georg Hauger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Social Accessibility ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing accessibility and balancing its distribution across space and social groups are two fundamental goals to make transport more sustainable and equitable. In the next decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) could significantly transform the transport system, influencing accessibility and transport equity. In particular, depending on the assumed features of AVs (e.g., private or collective) and the considered spatial, social, and regulative context (e.g., rural or urban areas), impacts may be very different. Nevertheless, research in this field is still limited, and the relationship between AV assumptions and accessibility impacts is still partially unclear. This paper aims to provide a framework of the key and emerging aspects related to the implications of AVs for accessibility and transport equity. To set this framework, we perform an analysis of the scientific literature based on a conceptual model describing the implications of AVs for the distribution of accessibility across space and social groups. We recognize four main expected impacts of AVs on accessibility: (1) accessibility polarization, (2) accessibility sprawl, (3) exacerbation of social accessibility inequities, and (4) alleviation of social accessibility inequities. These impacts are described and analyzed in relation to the main AV assumptions expected to trigger them through different mechanisms. Based on the results, some recommendations for future studies intending to focus on the relation between AVs, accessibility, and transport equity are provided.

scholarly journals The relationship between time to a high COVID-19 response level and timing of peak daily incidence: an analysis of governments’ Stringency Index from 148 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Xi-Kun Han ◽  
Dong-Shan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The transmission dynamics and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is different across countries or regions. Differences in governments’ policy responses may explain some of these differences. We aimed to compare worldwide government responses to the spread of COVID-19, to examine the relationship between response level, response timing and the epidemic trajectory. Methods Free publicly-accessible data collected by the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) were used. Nine sub-indicators reflecting government response from 148 countries were collected systematically from January 1 to May 1, 2020. The sub-indicators were scored and were aggregated into a common Stringency Index (SI, a value between 0 and 100) that reflects the overall stringency of the government’s response in a daily basis. Group-based trajectory modelling method was used to identify trajectories of SI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyse the association between time to reach a high-level SI and time to the peak number of daily new cases. Results Our results identified four trajectories of response in the spread of COVID-19 based on when the response was initiated: before January 13, from January 13 to February 12, from February 12 to March 11, and the last stage—from March 11 (the day WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19) on going. Governments’ responses were upgraded with further spread of COVID-19 but varied substantially across countries. After the adjustment of SI level, geographical region and initiation stages, each day earlier to a high SI level (SI > 80) from the start of response was associated with 0.44 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.65) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Also, each day earlier to a high SI level from the date of first reported case was associated with 0.65 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.42) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Conclusions Early start of a high-level response to COVID-19 is associated with early arrival of the peak number of daily new cases. This may help to reduce the delays in flattening the epidemic curve to the low spread level. Graphic abstract

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and persistent-postural perceptual dizziness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Anand K. Bery ◽  
Jayson Lee Azzi ◽  
Andre Le ◽  
Naomi S. Spitale ◽  
Judith Leech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Berlin Questionnaire ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Chronic Dizziness ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to vestibular dysfunction, but no prior studies have investigated the relationship between Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD), a common cause of chronic dizziness, and OSA. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: We determined the frequency of OSA in an uncontrolled group of PPPD patients from a tertiary dizziness clinic based on polysomnogram (PSG). We then assessed the sensitivity and specificity of common OSA questionnaires in this population. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with PPPD underwent PSG (mean age 47, 60% female, mean BMI 29.5). A majority, or 56%, of patients were diagnosed with OSA, and in most, the OSA was severe. OSA patients were older (56 years versus 40 years, p = 0.0006) and had higher BMI (32 versus 26, p = 0.0078), but there was no clear gender bias (56% versus 64% female, p = 1.00). The mean sensitivity and specificity of the STOP BANG questionnaire for detecting OSA was 86% and 55%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the Berlin Questionnaire was 79% and 45%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of OSA was much higher in our small PPPD group than in the general population. Screening questionnaires appear to demonstrate good sensitivity to detect PPPD patients at risk of OSA in this small study. Future studies should confirm these findings and determine whether treatment of OSA improves symptoms in PPPD.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Schoolchildren in Joint Physical Custody: A Longitudinal Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Stine Kjaer Urhoj ◽  
Emma Fransson ◽  
Malin Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maternal Report ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Custody Arrangements

This study investigated mental health in schoolchildren in different living arrangements after parental separation. The study population included 31,519 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, followed-up at age 11 in 2010–2014. Child mental health was measured with a maternal report of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Associations between living arrangements and mental health were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models, taking into account early childhood indicators of the parents’ relations, income, education and psychiatric care. At age 11, children living in a nuclear family had the lowest rate of total SDQ score, 8.9%. Of the children who had experienced parental separation, children in joint physical custody had the lowest adjusted odds ratio (OR)1.25 (95%-CI 1.09–1.44), for a high SDQ score relative to children living in a nuclear family, with adjusted ORs of 1.63 (1.42–1.86) and OR 1.72 (1.52–1.95) for sole physical custody arrangements with and without a new partner. An analysis of change in SDQ scores between ages 7 and 11 in children showed a similar pattern. This study indicates that joint physical custody is associated with slightly more favorable mental health in schoolchildren after parental separation than sole physical custody arrangements.

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