Role of heat-labile serum factor or host complement in the inhibition ofPlasmodium falciparumsporogonic stages inAnopheles stephensiby gametocyte carriers' serological factors

SUMMARYThis study investigated the significance of serum complement on transmission-reducing activity (TRA) of field sera from 24 infectedPlasmodium falciparumgametocyte carriers (from Cameroon) against cultured NF54P. falciparum.Laboratory-rearedAnopheles stephensiwere given infectious blood meals prepared either with sera from naïve Dutch donor (AB type) or pair-matched field serum samples, both with and without active complement. TRA of serum factors and host complement on mosquito infection rate and oocyst intensity were divided into the various components involved in the early stages of sporogony. The majority (>80%) of sera tested showed positive antibody titres to Pfs230, the relevant complement-dependent target of transmission-reducing mechanisms. Regardless of the presence of active complement, bloodmeals with field sera exhibited significantly lower infection rates and oocyst intensity than the control group. Serological reactivity in Capture-ELISA against Pfs230 was significantly correlated with the reduction of parasite infectivity. Contrary to our expectation, the presence of active complement in the mosquito bloodmeal did not increase parasite losses and therefore the magnitude of transmission reduction by individual immune sera. Our findings onP. falciparumare consistent with previous studies on animal hosts ofPlasmodium, indicating that earlyP. falciparumsporogonic stages may be insensitive to the antibody-dependent pathways of complement in human serum.

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Studying the Role of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy in Baghdad

Journal of Techniques ◽

10.51173/jt.v3i1.282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Mohammed Abbas Fadil ◽

Raya Ezat Maroof ◽

Moayed Abbas Fadil

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Healthy Person ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Medical City ◽

Healthy Control ◽

And Control

Obesity and severe obesity are increasing serious health problems with an epidemic percentage in most countries. In Sleeve gastrectomy, a part of the stomach structure is removed, limiting its capacity by about two to three. A total of thirty blood samples were collected from patients with obesity and the result was compared with healthy person throughout the time from November 2019 to September 2020. Before sleeve gastrectomy and after more than 6 months of sleeve surgery, the sample was collected from the Medical City/Baghdad Teaching Hospital, the withdrawal was again taken at home to have pre and post sleeve gastrectomy, Patient age ranged between [20-46] years for obese patients and healthy control. Then the serum samples were obtained from patients and control group to screen for C-reactive protein by agglutination method. The result of the present study found that the positivity of CRP in pre-operation is higher than that of post-operative with high significance [P<0.005].

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.4668.4668 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 4668-4668

Author(s):

Janet G. Grudeva

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

B Cell ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Cell Infection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Pathogenetic Role ◽

Significant Difference

Backgroud: An increasing number of bacterial and viral infections have been linked with specific subtypes of lymphoma. Preliminary evidence suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) might play a pathogenetic role in autoimmune-related, non-malignant B-cell lymphoproliferation, as well as a subset of B-cell non-Hodgkin, s lymphomas (B-NHL), often with extranodal localization. Design and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Hematology and consisted 149 (86 male, 63 female) untreated patients with a new diagnosis of B-NHL for 5-years period (2000–2004). HCV infection was investigated by testing for HCV antibodies in serum samples. The controls were 587 patients (without intravenous drug users) in other departments of the same hospital. Results: HCV infection was documented in 13 cases (8,4%) with NHL. The infected patients were not clinically relevant cryoglobulinemic activity, increased rate of autoimmune disorders and extranodal localizations prevalence. There was statistically significant difference between the NHL and control group (p<0,01) and no statistically significant difference between man/women carriers (p>0,05) into the NHL group. Overall, the clinical outcome of HCV-positive NHL does not seem to be different from that of NHL patients without HCV infection. However, the evidence of a significant liver injury may predict a worse prognosis in these cases. Conclusions: Our date suggest that HCV infection may be associated with B-NHL. With regard to the mechanism(s) by which HCV might favor B-cell expansion and malignant transformation, most date support an indirect pathogenetic role of the virus as an exogenous trigger. A direct oncogenetic role of HCV by direct cell infection and deregulation has only been hypothesized on the basis of the lymphotropism of the virus.

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The Role of Allopurinol in Digital Replantation

Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) ◽

10.1054/jhsb.1998.0215 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 325-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. WAIKAKUL ◽

A. UNNANANTANA ◽

V. VANADURONGWAN

Keyword(s):

Proximal Phalanx ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Trial Group ◽

Standard Management ◽

Lower Infection ◽

Group Recovery ◽

Lower Infection Rate

The clinical effects of allopurinol on the attenuation of reperfusion injury in thumb replantations after prolonged ischaemic time were studied in a randomized control trial with a 2-year follow-up. There were 60 patients, in the trial group, and 38 patients in the control group. All were young, healthy labourers who had sharp or locally crushed amputations of the thumb at the proximal phalanx with a total ischaemic time of more than 10 hours. The standard management for thumb replantation was used in these patients, except that 300 mg allopurinol was given orally in the trial group on admission and a further 300 mg for another 5 days. After operation, the trial group had a lower infection rate, and less postoperative pain and chronic swelling than the control group. Recovery of sensation was also better in the trial group.

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The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

Modern Care Journal ◽

10.5812/modernc.105090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mahsa Rahnama ◽

Qasem Asgari ◽

Peiman Petramfar ◽

Davod Tasa ◽

Vahid Hemati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Ordinary People ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Control Study

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease, which leads to serious disease symptoms in immunocompromised hosts and infants. Recent epidemiologic surveys showed that microbial agents may be associated with some cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This case-control study aimed to examine the role of Toxoplasma gondii in MS by evaluating sero-frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG (ATXAb) antibody between patients with MS and ordinary people in Shiraz Province, south of Iran during 2016 - 2018. Methods: Serum samples obtained from MS patients (n = 130), and a group of age and gender-matched controls (n = 130) with the same socioeconomic status with the patients’ group were collected to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies (ATXAb). Moreover, the presence of the ATXAb antibody of the patients and controls was determined by the ELISA test. SPSS 20 software was used to perform the statistical analysis (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Out of 130 (35.4%) cases with MS and 130 (13.8%) controls, 46 and 18 subjects were seropositive for ATXAb, respectively. Based on the chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in terms of the positivity rates of ATXAb between the MS patient group and the control group (P = 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation ATXAb levels in controls and MS patients were found to be 61 ± 34 and 114 ± 47 IU/mL, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the levels of these two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the relationship between toxoplasmosis and MS, it is possible that the prevalence of MS decreases by increasing hygiene and preventing toxoplasmosis.

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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Point of Care Devices in the Laboratory and Clinical Setting

10.1101/2021.12.16.21267703 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsty McCance ◽

Helen Wise ◽

Jennifer Simpson ◽

Becky Bachelor ◽

Harriet Hale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Status ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Independent Evaluation ◽

Positive Antibody ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Paired Serum ◽

Antibody Tests

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody tests have been marketed to diagnose previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and as a test of immune status. There is a lack of evidence on the performance and clinical utility of these tests. We aimed to carry out an evaluation of 14 point of care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Serum from participants with previous RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase chain reaction) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and pre-pandemic controls were used to determine specificity and sensitivity of each POC device. Changes in sensitivity with increasing time from infection were determined on a cohort of participants. Corresponding neutralising antibody status was measured to establish whether the detection of antibodies by the POC device correlated with immune status. Paired capillary and serum samples were collected to ascertain whether POC devices performed comparably on capillary samples. Sensitivity and specificity varied between the POC devices and in general did not meet the manufacturers reported performance characteristics signifying the importance of independent evaluation of these tests. The sensitivity peaked at >20 days following symptoms onset however sensitivity of 3 POC devices evaluated at extended time points showed that sensitivity declined with time and this was particularly marked at >140 days post infection onset. This is relevant if the tests are to be used for sero-prevelence studies. Neutralising antibody data showed positive antibody results on POC devices did not necessarily confer high neutralising antibody titres and these POC devices cannot be used to determine immune status to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Comparison of paired serum and capillary results showed that there was a decline in sensitivity using capillary blood. This has implications in the utility of the test as they are designed to be used on capillary blood by the general population.

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy Disease

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/jomb-2017-0017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mustafa Kaplan ◽

Ihsan Ates ◽

Mahmut Yüksel ◽

Yasemin Ozderin Ozin ◽

Muhammed Yener Akpinar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Gluten Free ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy

SummaryBackground:The objective here is to examine the role of overall oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy disease and its relationship with gluten free diet and autoantibodies.Methods:Eighty gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients and 80 control group participants were included in the study. As oxidative stress parameters, we researched total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase-1 and arylesterase parameters in the serum samples of gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients.Results:In comparison to the control group, gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients had lower TAS, paraoxonase-1 and arylesterase levels and gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients had considerable TOS and OSI levels. In contrast, patients who agreed to the gluten free eating routine had a higher OSI proportion and patients who did not conform to the gluten free eating regimen had a lower paraoxonase-1 level. An affirming reciprocation was de tected amidst TOS and OSI proportion and gluten-sensitive enteropathy autoantibodies and C-reactive protein levels and a negative correlation was found between arylesterase level and gluten-sensitive enteropathy autoantibodies.Conclusions:We observed oxidative stress levels to be higher in gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients contrasted with the control group. Oxidative stress level showed differences in gluten-sensitive enteropathy patients depending on gluten diet content and autoantibody positivity. In point of fact, C-reactive protein and gluten-sensitive enteropathy autoantibodies are identified with oxidative anxiety parameters resulting in the possibility that oxidative stress might be successful in the gluten-sensitive enteropathy pathogenesis.

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The Role of MicroRNAs (miRNA 155, miRNA-146b) and Procalcitonin as Novel Markers for the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

The Open Biomarkers Journal ◽

10.2174/1875318302111010028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 28-38

Author(s):

Dalia M. A. El-Hassib ◽

Dina M. Abo-elmatty ◽

Noha M. Mesbah ◽

Sherief Abd-Elsalam ◽

Shorouk A. Bastawisy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Bacterial Peritonitis ◽

Infection And Inflammation

Background: MircoRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules that have been recognized as important modulators of gene expression. MicroRNA is considered one of the potential biomarkers of infection and inflammation. Our study aims to identify the potential role of miRNA-155, miRNA-146b, and Procalcitonin (PCT) in the early detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic liver patients. miRNA-155 and 146b are molecular biomarkers , while procalcitonin is a serum marker in ascites patients complicated with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) . Methods: This study was conducted on 199 patients, 101 of them have ascites complicated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and 98 patients without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (control group). Ascitic fluid samples were collected from patients with SBP undergoing paracentesis at National Hepatology Institute in Egypt. MicroRNAs were determined in the serum using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction), while procalcitonin has been assessed in serum samples using ELISA (Enzyme-linked immune assay) technique. Results: Serum levels of miRNA-146b & miRNA-155 were significantly higher (p<0.001) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients (79.2% and 97.0% respectively) than ascites patients (17.3% and 7.1%, respectively). Furthermore, the serum level of procalcitonin was significantly higher (p<0.001) in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients than that in ascites patients (68.3% and 27.6%, respectively). Conclusion: miRNA-155, miRNA-146b and procalcitonin can be used as early markers for the detection of SBP in hepatic patients with ascites.

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Reduction of Inflammatory C3 and C4 Complement Proteins in Severe COVID-19 Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127493/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Ghazavi ◽

Ghasem Mosayebi ◽

Nafiesh Keshavarzian ◽

Somayeh Rabiemajd ◽

Ali Ganji

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Viral Infections ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Complement Proteins ◽

And Control ◽

The Complement System ◽

Shed Light

Abstract Background: The complement system, consisting of more than 20 soluble proteins, has a key role in innate immunity and inflammation that eliminates pathogens and viral infections. Therefore, we investigated the titer of C3, C4, and total IgG in the serum of the non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: For this purpose, peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 non-sever, 30 severe COVID-19 patients, and 30 healthy individuals with similar age and sex as the control group. The amount of total IgG, C3, and C4 were analyzed in the serum samples. Also, white blood cells, platelets (PLTs), and lymphocytes were counted by the auto-analyzer. Results: White blood cells had no difference between patients and control groups. The results showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte and PLTs in COVID-19 patients compare to control. Complement proteins including C3 and C4 were increased in non-severe COVID-19 patients than the other groups. Total IgG showed a notable decrease in severe patients. In conclusion, the level of C3 and C4 complement proteins were increased in non-severe-COVID-19 patients; however, in the severe COVID-19 patients their concentrations were decreased. Conclusion: However, inflammatory C3 and C4 complement factors increase in non-severe COVID-19, it decreased in the severe patients that may be because of more consumption by the formation of the immune complex. These results can shed light on the inflammatory role of C3 and C4 proteins in various phases of the disease and could provide a basis for further exploration of the pathophysiological significance and can suggest them for specific interventions.

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EVALUATING THE ROLE OF IL-2 AND IL-6 IN PATIENTS WITH BURNS USING ELISA TECHNIQUE

Global Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37557/gjphm.v1i2.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Age Groups ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Male Patients

Introduction: Burns are common medical infections that examined in hospitals. Cytokines are produced by innate immune response; cytokines determine the type of adaptive immune response. This study aims to screen and evaluate the role of IL-2 and IL-6 levels in the serum of patients who have suffered from burns by ELISA technique. Methods: Seventy serum samples were collected from burned patients in Baghdad city hospitals and tested by ELISA technique to detect IL-2 and IL-6 levels. Results: Shows great differences in IL-2 level of male patients (30.16 pg/ml) compared to males control group by an average of (29.66 pg/ml). While IL-6 shows significant differences in female patients with range (63.39 pg/ml) and male (66.47 pg/ml) compared to females control group (2.48 pg/ml) and males (22.80 pg/ml). Moreover cytokines shows significant differences between the three age groups of burned patients in comparison with the control group. In conclusion the result of present study showed significant difference in level of some cytokines IL-2,IL-6 for patients with burns. Conclusion: the result of present study showed significant difference in level of some cytokines IL-2, IL-6 for patients with burns.

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Correlation of avian bornavirus-specific antibodies and viral ribonucleic acid shedding with neurological signs and feather-damaging behaviour in psittacine birds

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104860 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 184 (15) ◽

pp. 476-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alexandra Fluck ◽

Dirk Enderlein ◽

Anne Piepenbring ◽

Ursula Heffels-Redmann ◽

Sybille Herzog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Neurological Signs ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Causative Agents ◽

First Time ◽

Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Parrot bornaviruses (PaBV) are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease in psittacine birds, but have also been linked to other clinical signs, including behavioural disorders and neurological signs. The aim of this study was to correlate PaBV infection in birds showing feather-damaging behaviour or neurological signs for which no other cause of disease could be identified. Psittacine birds presented to a private practice were divided into three groups: birds with neurological signs (n=28), birds showing feather-damaging behaviour (n=42) and birds presented for routine examinations (n=56). Swabs of crop and cloaca were collected and investigated for the presence of PaBV-RNA using real time RT-PCR. Additionally, serum samples were taken and examined for the presence of anti-PaBV antibodies by immunofluorescence test. PaBV infection was detected in one of the test systems in 40.5 per cent of all birds (n=126) investigated. In the clinically healthy birds (n=56), 19.6 per cent of the birds were positive in at least one of the PaBV tests, compared with 52.38 per cent of the feather-damaging (n=42) and 64.28 per cent of the neurologically diseased birds (n=28). Interestingly, the anti-PaBV antibody titres in birds with neurological signs were highest up to 1:20 480. High antibody titres (up to 1:5120) were also found in the feather-damaging group, whereas the birds of the control group, if PaBV positive, had only very low titres. Similarly, the highest viral load was found in the group of the neurologically diseased birds, followed by feather-damaging birds, whereas PaBV-positive birds in the control group demonstrated only low viral RNA shedding. A clear correlation between severity of clinical signs, amount of viral shedding and high levels of antibody titres was observed for most of the neurologically diseased birds and also for few birds with feather-damaging behaviour. For the first time, these results clearly indicate a correlation between PaBV infection and neurological signs in birds without gastrointestinal signs presented to the veterinarian in practice. It also may demonstrate a possible correlation with feather-damaging behaviour and anti-PaBV antibody presence. The antibody titre seems to represent a diagnostic tool to correlate clinical signs to PaBV as a cause.

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