Radiocarbon Dates from Soil Profiles in the Teotihuacán Valley, Mexico: Indicators of Geomorphological Processes

Radiocarbon dates largely obtained from bulk soil samples in 24 soil profiles in the Teotihuacán Valley, Mexico, are reported insofar as they represent a first step towards developing a sequence of soil formation, erosion, vegetation change, and human impact during the Holocene. Limitations of 14C dating in the area are considered, particularly the absence of charcoal in sediments and poor preservation of pollen. A broad temporal scheme is proposed to guide future research in which 4 periods are defined: ∼5000–2000 BP (relative stability with short, intermittent episodes of erosion); ∼2000–1500 BP (erosion-sedimentation, deforestation, and intensive agriculture); ∼1500–1000 BP (relative stability, depopulation, and partial recovery of the landscape); and ∼1000–500 BP (erosion-sedimentation, deforestation, and intensive agriculture).

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THE AGE OF SOME HOLOCENE SOILS ON THE EAR LAKE TERRACES IN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss84-018 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 163-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. R. MERMUT ◽

D. F. ACTON

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Buried Soils ◽

Climatic Fluctuation ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Solonetzic Soil ◽

Lake Bottom ◽

Soil Age

Soil profiles on the lake bottom and on four successive postglacial lacustrine terraces situated on the edge of Ear Lake in west-central Saskatchewan were studied to contribute to the knowledge of processes associated with environments of soil formation since deglaciation. Detailed morphological studies and radiocarbon dates of selected horizons indicated incipient and well-developed paleosols have formed in response to progressive formation of the terraces. The ages of the paleosols revealed a possible relationship between postglacial climatic fluctuation and the formation of these terraces. Buried soils on the lower terraces meet the criteria for Solonetzic soils while surface soils of the upper terraces have Solonetzic characteristics. The study showed the presence of soils which have characteristics reflecting more than one interval of horizon differentiation and led to the suggestion that it may be erroneous to relate their properties solely to prevailing environmental conditions. Key words: 14C dates, terrace formation, soil age, Holocene soils, paleosol, Solonetzic soil

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Hamburg University Radiocarbon Dates IV

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200006743 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 367-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H W Scharpenseel ◽

Heinrich Schiffmann ◽

Peter Becker

Keyword(s):

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Paleoclimatic Significance

This list consists of dates of soil samples from selected soil profiles in Tunisia, Sudan, and Argentina. The profiles from Tunisia were taken to elucidate ages of typic paleosols of paleoclimatic significance. The Sudan profiles increase our understanding of pedogenesis of Sudanese Vertisols. The existence of pedoturbation in these profiles is further explored and questioned. The profiles of Argentina were dated to supplement information from chemical and micromorphological studies.

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A multiproxy record of sedimentation, pedogenesis, and environmental history in the north of West Siberia during the late Pleistocene based on the Belaya Gora section

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1017/qua.2020.74 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Vladimir Sheinkman ◽

Sergey Sedov ◽

Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh ◽

Elena Bezrukova ◽

Dmitriy Dobrynin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental History ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

West Siberia ◽

Northern Eurasia ◽

Partial Recovery ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽

Mis 3 ◽

The North ◽

Mis 5

Abstract Recent revision of the Pleistocene glaciation boundaries in northern Eurasia has encouraged the search for nonglacial geological records of the environmental history of northern West Siberia. We studied an alluvial paleosol-sedimentary sequence of the high terrace of the Vakh River (middle Ob basin) to extract the indicators of environmental change since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Two levels of the buried paleosols are attributed to MIS 5 and MIS 3, as evidenced by U/Th and radiocarbon dates. Palynological and pedogenetic characteristics of the lower pedocomplex recorded the climate fluctuations during MIS 5, from the Picea-Larix taiga environment during MIS 5e to the establishment of the tundra-steppe environment due to the cooling of MIS 5d or MIS 5b and partial recovery of boreal forests with Picea and Pinus in MIS 5c or MIS 5a. The upper paleosol level shows signs of cryogenic hydromorphic pedogenesis corresponding to the tundra landscape, with permafrost during MIS 3. Boulders incorporated in a laminated alluvial deposit between the paleosols are dropstones brought from the Enisei valley by ice rafting during the cold MIS 4. An abundance of eolian morphostructures on quartz grains from the sediments that overly the upper paleosol suggests a cold, dry, and windy environment during the MIS 2 cryochron.

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Population Fluctuation and the Adoption of Food Production in Prehistoric Korea: Using Radiocarbon Dates as a Proxy for Population Change

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2017.122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1761-1770 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yongje Oh ◽

Matthew Conte ◽

Seungho Kang ◽

Jangsuk Kim ◽

Jaehoon Hwang

Keyword(s):

Probability Distribution ◽

Population Growth ◽

Food Production ◽

Population Change ◽

Population Pressure ◽

Population Fluctuation ◽

Intensive Agriculture ◽

Rice Farming ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Transition To Agriculture

AbstractPopulation growth has been evoked both as a causal factor and consequence of the transition to agriculture. The use of radiocarbon (14C) dates as proxies for population allows for reevaluations of population as a variable in the transition to agriculture. In Korea, numerous rescue excavations during recent decades have offered a wealth of14C data for this application. A summed probability distribution (SPD) of14C dates is investigated to reconstruct population trends preceding and following adoptions of food production in prehistoric Korea. Important cultivars were introduced to Korea in two episodes: millets during the Chulmun Period (ca. 6000–1500 BCE) and rice during the Mumun Period (ca. 1500–300 BCE). The SPD suggests that while millet production had little impact on Chulmun populations, a prominent surge in population appears to have followed the introduction of rice. The case in prehistoric Korea demonstrates that the adoption of food production does not lead inevitably towards sustained population growth. Furthermore, the data suggest that the transition towards intensive agriculture need not occur under conditions of population pressure resulting from population growth. Rather, intensive rice farming in prehistoric Korea began during a period of population stagnation.

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Sedimentological characteristics of ice-wedge polygon terrain in Adventdalen (Svalbard) – environmental and climatic implications for the late Holocene

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-5-901-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 901-914 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Oliva ◽

G. Vieira ◽

P. Pina ◽

P. Pereira ◽

M. Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Matter Content ◽

Valley Bottom ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Fluvial Terraces ◽

Ice Wedge ◽

Homogeneous Composition ◽

Climatic Severity

Abstract. Ice wedges are widespread periglacial features in the landscape of Adventdalen, Svalbard. The networks of ice wedges have created areas with well-developed polygonal terrains in the lowest fluvial terraces in this valley. We have examined the sedimentological characteristics of the northern and southern banks of the Advent river for palaeoenvironmental purposes. The base of two sedimentary sections reported radiocarbon dates of 3.3 and 3.9 ka BP, respectively. The northern site is constituted by three very different lithostratigraphical units, which suggests that their formation should be related to different environmental and climate conditions. By contrast, the southern section shows a rather homogeneous composition, with no significant variations in grain size and organic matter content. In both cases the uppermost sediments are constituted by a thick aeolian deposit. According to our data, warmer climate conditions may have prevailed during the mid Holocene until 3.3 ka BP with widespread peat formation in the valley bottom. Subsequently, a period with alternating soil formation and aeolian sedimentation took place from 3 to 2.5 ka BP, probably due to increasing climatic severity. During the last millennium a long-term cooling trend has favoured aeolian deposition in the lowest part of Adventdalen.

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Effects of soil pH and texture on soil carbon and nitrogen in soil profiles under different land uses in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7880 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7880 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wenxiang Zhou ◽

Guilin Han ◽

Man Liu ◽

Xiaoqiang Li

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

River Basin ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Land Uses ◽

Agricultural Lands ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Forest Lands

Soil carbon and nitrogen are essential factors for agricultural production and climate changes. A total of 106 soil samples from three agricultural lands (including two rice fields and one sugarcane field) and four non-agricultural lands (including two forest lands, one wasteland and one built-up land) in the Mun River Basin were collected to determine soil carbon, nitrogen, soil pH, soil particle sizes and explore the influence of pH and soil texture on soil C and N. The results show that total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TON) contents in topsoil (TOC: 2.78 ~ 18.83 g kg−1; TON: 0.48 ~ 2.05 g kg−1) are much higher than those in deep soil (TOC: 0.35 ~ 6.08 g kg−1; TON: <0.99 g kg−1). In topsoil, their contents of forest lands and croplands (TOC: average 15.37 g kg−1; TON: average 1.29 g kg−1) are higher than those of other land uses (TOC: average 5.28 g kg−1; TON: average 0.38 g kg−1). The pH values range from 4.2 to 6.1 in topsoil, and with increase in soil depth, they tend to increase and then decrease. Soil carbon, nitrogen and the C/N (TC/TN ratio) are negatively correlated with soil pH, demonstrating that relatively low pH benefits the accumulation of organic matter. Most soil samples are considered as sandy loam and silt loam from the percentages of clay, silt and sand. For soil profiles below 50 cm, the TOC and TON average contents of soil samples which contain more clay and silt are higher than those of other soil samples.

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Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11050532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenxiang Zhou ◽

Guilin Han ◽

Man Liu ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

Bin Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

River Basin ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽

Silty Loam

The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.

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The Characteristic and Mechanism of Lead Pollution in Soil Profiles from a Sulphuric Acid Slag Pile Sit in Guangdong,China

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 474-476 ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jing Yong Liu ◽

Xun An Ning

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Lead Pollution ◽

Acid Plant ◽

Sulfuric Acid Plant ◽

Main Factors

The soil samples in a profile were collected around the pyrite slag pile site near a sulfuric acid plant in Guangdong province and the contents of lead were investigated detail. At the same time, the mechanism of lead pollution was principium analyzed. The research found that the lead pollutants were mainly concentrated in soils surface layer about 0-10cm and shown characteristics of contents rapidly decreasing along the uprights. the main factors that affected the transference of lead from the slag to the soil were the filtering by acid rain and itself acidification of the slag. Iron oxide colloid and organic matter may have been responsible for the lead retention in soil.<b></b>

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Weathering and soil formation on dolerite in Tasmania with particular reference to several trace elements

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9630074 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

KG Tiller

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Nickel Copper ◽

Soil Groups

The mineralogy and chemistry of weathering and soil formation have been studied at 17 widely separated sites with contrasting climatic conditions on comparatively uniform dolerite in Tasmania. The clay and fine sand mineralogy of the soils has been related to their degree of weathering. These studies have shown large chemical and mineralogical changes accompanying the initial stages of weathering in some krasnozem soils. The reorganization of cobalt, zirconium, nickel, copper, molybdenum, manganese, and zinc during genesis of four soil groups has been considered in terms of the factors involved. Some of these results indicate that the clay horizon of the podzolic soils has probably been formed by weathering in situ. Seasonal waterlogging in certain horizons has strongly mfluenced the chemistry and mineralogy of weathering in many of these soils. This study has shown that the composition of the parent material has only influenced the geochemistry of trace elements in less weathered soils and that pedogenic factors assumed greater significance as the soils became more strongly weathered. Geomorphic processes had a marked influence on the geochemistry of some soils by the truncation of mature soil profiles.

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Pollen-inferred regional vegetation patterns and demographic change in Southern Anatolia through the Holocene

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683619826635 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 728-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jessie Woodbridge ◽

C Neil Roberts ◽

Alessio Palmisano ◽

Andrew Bevan ◽

Stephen Shennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Demographic Change ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Ecological Systems ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Significant Area ◽

The Mediterranean

Southern Anatolia is a highly significant area within the Mediterranean, particularly in terms of understanding how agriculture moved into Europe from neighbouring regions. This study uses pollen, palaeoclimate and archaeological evidence to investigate the relationships between demography and vegetation change, and to explore how the development of agriculture varied spatially. Data from 21 fossil pollen records have been transformed into forested, parkland and open vegetation types using cluster analysis. Patterns of change have been explored using non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and through analysis of indicator groups, such as an Anthropogenic Pollen Index, and Simpson’s Diversity. Settlement data, which indicate population densities, and summed radiocarbon dates for archaeological sites have been used as a proxy for demographic change. The pollen and archaeological records confirm that farming can be detected earlier in Anatolia in comparison with many other parts of the Mediterranean. Dynamics of change in grazing indicators and the OJCV ( Olea, Juglans, Castanea and Vitis) index for cultivated trees appear to match cycles of population expansion and decline. Vegetation and land use change is also influenced by other factors, such as climate change. Investigating the early impacts of anthropogenic activities (e.g. woodcutting, animal herding, the use of fire and agriculture) is key to understanding how societies have modified the environment since the mid–late Holocene, despite the capacity of ecological systems to absorb recurrent disturbances. The results of this study suggest that shifting human population dynamics played an important role in shaping land cover in central and southern Anatolia.

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