scholarly journals Why decision making may not require awareness

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
I. P. L. McLaren ◽  
B. D. Dunn ◽  
N. S. Lawrence ◽  
F. N. Milton ◽  
F. Verbruggen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Cognitive Unconscious

AbstractNewell & Shanks (N&S) argue against the idea that any significant role for unconscious influences on decision making has been established by research to date. Inasmuch as this conclusion applies to the idea of an “intelligent cognitive unconscious,” we would agree. Our concern is that the article could lead the unwary to conclude that there are no unconscious influences on decision making – and never could be. We give reasons why this may not be the case.

Image development in the framework of ξ –complex fuzzy morphisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Aneeza Imtiaz ◽  
Umer Shuaib ◽  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Muhammad Gulistan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Unit Disk ◽  
Homomorphic Image ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Fuzzy Subgroups ◽  
Fundamental Theorems

The study of complex fuzzy sets defined over the meet operator (ξ –CFS) is a useful mathematical tool in which range of degrees is extended from [0, 1] to complex plane with unit disk. These particular complex fuzzy sets plays a significant role in solving various decision making problems as these particular sets are powerful extensions of classical fuzzy sets. In this paper, we define ξ –CFS and propose the notion of complex fuzzy subgroups defined over ξ –CFS (ξ –CFSG) along with their various fundamental algebraic characteristics. We extend the study of this idea by defining the concepts of ξ –complex fuzzy homomorphism and ξ –complex fuzzy isomorphism between any two ξ –complex fuzzy subgroups and establish fundamental theorems of ξ –complex fuzzy morphisms. In addition, we effectively apply the idea of ξ –complex fuzzy homomorphism to refine the corrupted homomorphic image by eliminating its distortions in order to obtain its original form. Moreover, to view the true advantage of ξ –complex fuzzy homomorphism, we present a comparative analysis with the existing knowledge of complex fuzzy homomorphism which enables us to choose this particular approach to solve many decision-making problems.

The Crowdsourcing Scheme as an Innovative Management Tool in University Spin-Offs

Crowdsourcing ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1319-1335
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dorota Kopeć ◽  
Anna Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Knowledge And Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique adopted by companies in the process of innovation. It can be also adopted by university spin-offs that play the significant role in the process of knowledge and technology transfer. In recent years, they have been researched from diverse perspectives. However, there are hardly any studies based on university spin-offs that have implemented crowdsourcing. This chapter presents how crowdsourcing business model might be applied to develop a university spin-off. The paper explains the rationale behind the adaptation of crowdsourcing by innovation-driven spin-offs. One overarching question of the chapter is “Can crowdsourcing be well adopted by university spin-offs?” Our study will open new paths for research and discussion, and its results will be supportive for decision making in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship. The logic of this paper is to speculate how university spin-offs can create value with the groups of online users through adopting crowdsourcing in its operation.

scholarly journals Information unfitness as a factor constraining Automatic Identification System (AIS) application to anti-collision manoeuvring

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Felski ◽  
Krzysztof Jaskólski
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Radar Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Automatic Identification System

ABSTRACT Common use of shipboard AIS creates conditions for the use of a new kind of dynamic data in the situation of the risk of collision. AIS position report is a source of supplementary information derived from error leveraged radar measurement. However, in view of the results of the studies there are opinions with regard to inconsistent AIS dynamic data in the process of decision-making by the officer of the watch. By taking into consideration the recordings of the studies and technical specification of AIS it can be concluded that the results of inconsistent data have significant role in collision avoidance manoeuvring.

scholarly journals Unconscious influences on decision making: A critical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cognitive Unconscious

AbstractTo what extent do we know our own minds when making decisions? Variants of this question have preoccupied researchers in a wide range of domains, from mainstream experimental psychology (cognition, perception, social behavior) to cognitive neuroscience and behavioral economics. A pervasive view places a heavy explanatory burden on an intelligent cognitive unconscious, with many theories assigning causally effective roles to unconscious influences. This article presents a novel framework for evaluating these claims and reviews evidence from three major bodies of research in which unconscious factors have been studied: multiple-cue judgment, deliberation without attention, and decisions under uncertainty. Studies of priming (subliminal and primes-to-behavior) and the role of awareness in movement and perception (e.g., timing of willed actions, blindsight) are also given brief consideration. The review highlights that inadequate procedures for assessing awareness, failures to consider artifactual explanations of “landmark” results, and a tendency to uncritically accept conclusions that fit with our intuitions have all contributed to unconscious influences being ascribed inflated and erroneous explanatory power in theories of decision making. The review concludes by recommending that future research should focus on tasks in which participants' attention is diverted away from the experimenter's hypothesis, rather than the highly reflective tasks that are currently often employed.

scholarly journals Informing the Less Informed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
John Sedofia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
School System ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Human Race ◽  
School Guidance ◽  
Guidance Programme ◽  
The Right

For guidance in the school system to thrive and be effective, certain services must be rendered by the counsellor. One of such services is the information service. Counselling thrives a great deal on information and information regarding the immediate and remote environments of the counselee plays a very significant role in the counsellor’s work. Information is very vital for the survival of the human race. Accurate and timely information is needed to take good decisions. But the complex nature of today’s world brought about by scientific and technological advancements has rendered decision-making an ever difficult task for both young and old, especially the former. Of course, decision-making becomes difficult when the information that is required to make the right decisions is lacking. This paper throws the spotlight on the information service and how it can be used in the school guidance programme.

scholarly journals «dovrebbe essere essenziale dire [ɲɔkki] e non [ɲɔtʃi]» Riflessioni soggettive sull’insegnamento della grammatica italiana

EL LE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Scheitza ◽  
Judith Visser
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Decision Procedures ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Migrant Background ◽  
Starting Point

In the teaching of Italian in Germany, grammar is nowadays considered as a tool that serves language acquisition, but that is subordinated to the communicative goals of the language lessons. Teachers have to take these as a starting point for their didactic decisions. However, decision procedures do not only depend on educational policy or scientific findings, but also on individual hypotheses of various types. Based on 31 interviews of (future) teachers of Italian (2016-17), the present study aims at analysing (future) teachers’ decision making considering the teaching of grammar. The results show that a dialect and migrant background can play a significant role for didactic decisions.

scholarly journals ETHICS OF DECISION MAKING IN MEDICINE IN THE ERA OF TECHNICAL REVOLUTION

Bioethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Sedova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana I. Guba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
Enhancement Technologies ◽  
Technical Revolution

Which way do world outlooks, scientific findings and empiric evaluations correlate with each other in decision making in medicine? The answer to this question is given in the scientific context. There is a theory of decision making which is in demand by medical professionals, though not enough yet [1, 2]. So, what is the theory of decision making and to what extent its advancement may be applied to medicine with growing contradictions of technological revolution and human bioevolution? The choice of tactics in a patient’s management does not depend exclusively on clinical decisions. A doctor’s moral stand plays a significant role in decision making in medicine. This article deals with some factors that have effect on this stand. The role of ethical expert examination is substantiated. It is particularly important due to implementation of «human enhancement» technologies in medical practice. Decision making is always associated with a choice of options. Moral considerations are a key point that must influence this choice under uncertain predictions concerning application of new biotechnologies.

Cognitive Science Helps Formulate Games for Moral Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Neha Khetrapal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Moral Principles

This chapter emphasizes that cognitive science can play a significant role in formulating games for moral education. The chapter advocates an encompassing approach where games should be developed by concentrating on the interaction of users with their contexts. Ethics entail moral principles and ethical decision-making is dependent upon developing cognitive structures. Therefore, while designing games one needs to consider developmental trends and information processing models. The framework developed here further emphasizes the need to develop moral games based upon principles of good games in general. There should also be stringent criteria to gauge the success of the game in real world contexts, especially if these games function as part of a school curriculum for moral education. Finally, the chapter concludes with issues surrounding the implementation of such technologies.

Marktprognosen im Interesse der Strukturpolitik

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-376
Author(s):  
Louis Pahlow ◽  
Verena Rassow
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Information Asymmetries ◽  
Adaptive Expectations ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Market Expectations ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Abstract The paper focuses on the forming of expectations by regulatory authorities in the case of merger control after 1973, when the German legislator stipulated a decision by its officials on future competition in relevant markets. The regulatory and decision-making behavior of officials is analyzed on the basis of selected merger procedures in the chemical industry, which underwent far-reaching structural change in the 1970s and 1980s. Here, institutionalization processes for overcoming information asymmetries and the formation of market expectations can be diagnosed inside the office as well as inside the firms. Adaptive expectations with regard to current market diagnoses and legal assumptions (“Vermutungstatbestände”) play a significant role for their forecast decisions. The study is based on previously unpublished files of the Federal Cartel Office.

scholarly journals The impact of marketing agility on crisis management stages at five and four-star hotels in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-481
Author(s):  
Hamza Khraim ◽  
Tayseer AL Afaishat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Hotel Managers ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to examine the impact of marketing agility on decision-making during crisis management stages in five-star and four-star hotels in Jordan. The study included 71 top management staff members from Jordan’s five- and four-star hotels. A questionnaire was designed and utilized to collect the data on marketing agility and crisis management at four and five-star hotels in Jordan. A total of 213 questionnaires were distributed, and 187 useable responses were returned, which resulted in an 86% response rate. Results show that marketing agility plays a significant role in decision-making during crisis management stages. The analysis revealed that marketing agility affected the five stages of crisis management with mixed levels. The findings show that accessibility, decisiveness, swiftness, and flexibility have an immense impact on crisis management stages, while the alertness dimension result shows a weak impact on crisis management stages except for containment. Hotel managers are recommended to emphasize enhancing coordination and integration internally with different managerial levels and units and with external partners to boost information exchange. In addition, it will help promote learning orientation amongst hotel staff to handle the fast-changing environment.

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