Ideology and Sexuality among Victorian Women

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
Nancy S. Landale ◽  
Avery M. Guest
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Sexual Relationship ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Victorian Women ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Effective Contraception ◽  
American Society

In recent years, American society has engaged in what is frequently described as a “sexual revolution” involving significant changes in relationships between men and women. As a result of extensive social surveys, we know that both specific behaviors and the prevailing ideology regarding appropriate standards of behavior have been subject to rapid change. In the past two decades, rates of sexual intercourse and intimacy have increased (Hunt, 1974; Westoff, 1974), use of effective contraception has become widespread, and it is increasingly accepted that a physical and emotional attraction between members of the opposite sex might lead to a sexual relationship. In short, participation in sexual activity has come to be seen as a natural outgrowth of the enjoyment of sex.

Gender Bias in the 1996 Olympic Games: Audience Perception and Effects

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Karen H. Weiller ◽  
Catriona T. Higgs ◽  
Scott B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Society ◽  
Gender Specific

Sports are omnipresent in American society; available for viewing 24 hours a day and can constitute much of everyday life and conversation. Researchers have indicated that men and women relate to sport differently (Gantz & Wenner, 1991). Evidence shows males outnumber females in sport viewership, and in the past much of the sport programming to which we are exposed caters specifically to men. The purpose of the present study was to explore issues related to audience perception of the 1996 Olympic Games. Participants (125 males and 92 females) ranging from 18 to 40 years of age were administered a gender specific version of the Audience Perception Questionnaires (APQ) following viewing video segments of men’s and women’s competitions (i.e., basketball, gymnastics, swimming and diving, and volleyball). The two versions of the APQ were developed from current literature, and by employing a delphi technique to validate the APQ. Factor analyses resulted in four underlying media perception dimensions: Commentary Coverage, Gender Marking and Stereotyping, Hierarchy of Naming, and Verbal Descriptors. Results revealed perceptions of male and female athletes by the public are influenced to a great degree by gender.

Гендерные различия в речи

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Е.Б. Машкова
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Society

Аннотация: Статья посвящена вопросу гендерных различий в речи, а именно различиям в речи мужчин и женщин в английском языке и в американском обществе за последние двадцать лет. Так же объясняется, чем вызваны данные особенности, собраны взгляды ученых по данной проблеме. Приводятся примеры на английском языке и их эквивалентный перевод на русский язык. Цель данной статьи - дать читателю сравнить английский язык женщин и мужчин живущих в Америке за последние двадцать лет и сравнить их социальные проблемы и социальный строй общества с сегодняшним, проследить развитие языка в аспекте гендерной лингвистики. Таким образом, здесь приводится обзор научных работ американских исследователей, посвященных гендерным различиям в речи мужчин и женщин, отмечаемым в последние двадцать лет в американском обществе. Ключевые слова: гендерная лингвистика, гендерные различия в речи, социолингвистический анализ, рефлексия, природа женщины и мужчины. Аннотация: Бул макалада эркектер менен аялдардын ортосундагы сөзүндө гендердик айырмачылыктар боюнча АКШ изилдөөчүлөрдүн илимий иштин баяндамасы болуп саналат, ал америкалык коомдогу акыркы жыйырма жылда байкалган. Атап айтканда, акыркы жыйырма жылдын ичинде англис жана америкалык коомдо эркектер менен аялдардын сөз айырмачылыктары, сөз гендердик айырмачылыктарга багытталган. Жөн гана, бул өзгөчөлүктөрдү улам бул маселе боюнча окумуштуулардын пикирлерин чогултуп, аны түшүндүрүп берет. Мисалы, англис тилинде берилет жана орус тилине барабар котормо жатат. Бул макалада акыркы жыйырма жыл аралыгында Америкада жашап англис аял менен эркек салыштырып, алардын коомдук көйгөйлөрдү жана бүгүнкү күндө коомдун коомдук түзүлүшүн, гендердик илими тармагында тилдин өнүгүшүнө байкоо салыштырып, окурманга мисал катары айтып берүү болуп саналат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: гендердик тил илими, сөз гендердик айырмачылыктар, социолингвистикалык талдоо, ой жүгүртүү, табияты аялдар менен эркектер. Annotation: The article is devoted to the issue of gender differences in speech, namely the differences in the speech of men and women in the English language and in American society over the past twenty years. It also explains what caused these features, collected the views of scientists on this issue. Examples in English and their equivalent translation into Russian are given. The purpose of this article is to allow the reader to compare the English language of women and men living in America over the past twenty years and compare their social problems and social structure of society with today's, to follow the development of the language in the aspect of gender linguistics. Thus, here is an overview of the scientific work of American researchers on gender differences in the speech of men and women, celebrated in American society over the past twenty years. Keywords: gender linguistics, gender differences in speech, sociolinguistic analysis, reflection, nature of women and men.

The Transition to Adulthood among Japanese Youths

2013 ◽  
Vol 646 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Opposite Sex

This study examines courtship and activities leading to courtship among Japanese youths. Courtship is an important topic because it influences the chances of eventual marriage. The analyses of the Japanese Life Course Panel Survey show 42 percent of young unmarried people without a partner actively sought a dating partner during the past year. The most popular activity among both men and women was asking friends for introductions. Men tended to engage in partner-search activities when they were highly educated, had a full-time job, intended to get married, and had opportunities to meet the opposite sex. Among women, the intention to marry was the key factor in predicting the likelihood of partner-search activities, in addition to family assets. The effect of the partner search on the chances of finding a partner appears to be greatest for the men and women least likely to engage in partner searches.

Introduction to Issues 2 and 3: Symposium on Consent in Sexual Relations

Legal Theory ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-88
Author(s):  
Larry Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past

Legal and social norms regarding gender relations have undergone dramatic changes in the past 25 years. The changes have come about largely because of the confluence of changing economic and technological realities, the unfolding of the norm dictating equal treatment of individuals, the sexual revolution and its corollaries of improved contraception and legal abortion, the rise of women as a self-conscious group and a presence in the academy, and the interrelations of all of these factors. As men and women have come to share dormitories and workplaces, and as the old mores governing sex—and male-female relations in general—have broken down, there has been struggle and uncertainty over what norms should apply to sexual relations.

The Interpretive Repertoires of Whites on Race-Targeted Policies: Claims Making of Reverse Discrimination

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Fraser ◽  
Edward Kick
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominantly White University ◽  
Interpretive Repertoires ◽  
American Society ◽  
A Current

Drawing on the accounts of white men and women, we examine the role that discourse plays in the formation and reinforcement of ideals that perpetuate social disadvantaging. In addition, using discourse analysis we examine the redefinition of race-targeting policies from being a social remedy into being a current social problem. We collected interview and questionnaire data from a sample of 310 students and faculty at a predominantly white university, regarding their attitude toward race- and income-targeted social policies in the United States. We find that the majority of respondents who oppose race-targeting policies (1) frame racial discrimination as a problem of the past; (2) define race-targeting as a subversion of meritocracy; and therefore, (3) devalue programs that seek to provide differential opportunity to those groups that have been structurally disadvantaged in American society. We conclude that the “American stratification ethos” can be employed for disadvantaging purposes.

scholarly journals Outward Bound with Ayyappan: Work, Masculinity, and Self-Respect in a South Indian Pilgrimage Festival

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
South India ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Outward Bound ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Family ◽  
English Speaking

The annual pilgrimage festival dedicated to the god Ayyappan has become immensely popular in the past sixty years. As many as fifty million pilgrims participate each year. This paper draws on interviews of pilgrims conducted in South India in 2012–2013. My fieldwork suggests that the increasing popularity of the event relates to the contemporary South Indian work environment, an environment in which traditional gender roles are being reshaped by the challenges posed by migration for work opportunities. Interviews of English-speaking pilgrims show that their interpretations of the pilgrimage festival highlight the complexities of manhood in a time of rapidly changing work roles for men and women. Specifically, my fieldwork demonstrates that pilgrims perceive Ayyappan as a source of aid for those who struggle to succeed as financial providers and heads of the family unit. Pilgrims anxious about the loss of traditional models of masculinity amidst rapid change find solace in the blessings the god Ayyappan yields.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

FC14-01 - Internal losses and the creation of “Nowhere land”: psychodynamic themes of adults with ADHD discovered during drama-therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1893-1893
Author(s):  
I. Manor ◽  
G. Yazpan
Keyword(s):  
Drama Therapy ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Aspect ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

ADHD is a well-known, chronic disorder that persists in adulthood. During the past 20 years its existence in adults is becoming clearer, yet its dynamic aspects are rarely discussed. The treatment of adults is vital, as much as that of children; however the literature discussing it, especially its non-pharmacological aspect, is scarce.We describe the results of our treatment with drama-therapy of two groups of adults with ADHD. These groups included 11 adults (from both groups), men and women, from most socioeconomic strata, aged ≥ 60 yrs., who were diagnosed as suffering from ADHD and were treated for it for the first time in their life. Drama-therapy was selected as we believed it to be a useful method with associative, distracted ADHD patients, since it enabled the use of transitional space through non-verbal images and acts.This presentation discusses the basic themes with which patients began therapy. Interestingly, all patients, however different, shared the same themes that were built on self doubt and the pre-presumption of disappointment. The impairment related to ADHD, that was felt, but not understood, led to a strong experience of heavy losses, which we tried to define separately: of a clear path, of control, of the inner perception of borders and of the loss of an integrative inner self. All these losses were accumulated in the transitional space in a place we named “Nowhere land”.We would like to present these themes of losses and of becoming lost and to discuss their meaning.

Changing Patterns of Politicization and Partisanship Among Women in France

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia B. Bashevkin
Keyword(s):  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
North American Society ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
American Society ◽  
Feminist Movements

During the past decade, political researchers have devoted growing attention to women's political involvement and, to a somewhat lesser extent, their political attitudes in Western cultures. This interest has been a response in part to contemporary feminist movements and, more specifically, to the increasingly visible role of women as social activists, partisan elites and governmental decision makers in Western European and North American society.

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