The Factory and the People of Nagasaki: Otona, Tolk, Compradoor

Itinerario ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Matsui Yoko
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Public Service ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
The People ◽  
City System ◽  
The City ◽  
Two Sides

The Dutch East India Company was forced to move its factory in Japan from Hirado to Nagasaki by the order of the bakufu in 1641. Following that move, the Dutch were no longer allowed to freely go out into the city or to trade with city people. In order to have any contact with the people outside Deshima, they needed proper mediation of the Japanese officials. The interpreters (tolken, Oranda-tsūji, ) are well known as the intermediaries between the Japanese authorities and the Dutch residents of Deshima, but they were not the only ones who worked between the two sides. In this paper, I would like to deal with the Deshima Otona as the official responsible for the Dutch compound, and the compradoors, suppliers of the daily necessities for the Dutch factory, and to consider these officials within the context of the Nagasaki city system in order to compare this situation with that prevailing in Canton.Otona literally means “head” or “chief” and indicates a prominent member who is in charge of a certain group. In the cities of Edo-period Japan, the townspeople were controlled through their organisation in groups, which were given a considerable amount of autonomy. These groups consisted, in their turn, of members who were officially recognised by both the group organisation itself and the lord of the domain in which the city was located, because they owned a house, ran a family business, and performed some kind of public service (kuyaku, ).

Discussion

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
R. G. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
South African ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
The People ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

It is a matter of some regret to me that a member of the Actuarial Society of South Africa cannot be here this evening to provide an introduction to the paper before you. While I feel I am honoured by my South African friends in being asked, as an ex member of the Society, to undertake this duty, I must confess that I am wondering whether my personal experience is sufficient to qualify me for this task.For much of his work the actuary is concerned with the people living around him and I think therefore that I should say something about the people living in the Union of South Africa.South Africa was first discovered around the end of the fifteenth century, but it was not until 1652 that the first settlement was made by the Dutch East India Company. The settlers were under the control of Jan van Riebeeck who was charged with the duty of providing fresh vegetables, etc., for replenishing the stores of ships rounding the Cape.

A Madman in the City of Ghosts: Nicolaas Kloek in Pontianak

Itinerario ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. van Goor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Power ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Formal Relationship ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

In the many letters written by princes in the Indonesian archipelago to the Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company at Batavia, the relative status.is expressed in the address. Titles that are used range from “friend and ally” to “father” and “grandfather,” reflecting the formal relationship that had been laid down in the contracts. The address shows the position of the VOC occupied during the greater part of the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The Dutch East India Company, though a large bureaucratic apparatus, was approached in a personified way. The formal distance to the Governor-General was expressed in terms derived from daily social life. It also makes one realize that a trading company had become an Asian ruler. In the Indonesian archipelago the VOC constituted an important political power.

scholarly journals SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN PANARUNG, KECAMATAN PAHANDUT PALANGKARAYA BERBASIS WEB

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ade Chintia Desy ◽  
Enny Dwi Oktaviyani ◽  
Felicia Sylviana
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
The City

Panarung village office, pahandut sub-district is one of the sub-districts located in the city of palangkaraya. In carrying out these tasks and functions, the Panarung village office does not yet have an information system that can support public service activities. All service processes are carried out manually. This study aims to create web based information system that can be used by outward employees in Panarung Village to carry out service activities to the people in the Panarung Village area using waterfall software development methods, PHP programming languages ??and MySQL databases. Testing using blackbox testing. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that this information system can be used for service activities to the community in the Panarung village

India and the Indonesian Archipelago from the Generale Missiven der VOC (Dutch East India Company)

Itinerario ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Van Goor
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The State ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
The West ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
The People ◽  
State Of Affairs

Regularly, with the ships coming with the monsoon, the Governor-General and the councillors at Batavia received information from their subordinates from all over Asia. The Council of the Indies consisted of older members of the Company's bureaucracy, men who had served in several posts before being nominated to this ultimate position of honour. Together in council they constituted the best informed body on Asian affairs, in the East, as well as in the West. As a body they were responsible for the formulation of the generate missiven, the general letters in which the Heren Zeventien (Gentlemen Seventeen) were briefed on the state of affairs. The missiven had to be signed by all, dissent was not permissable. According to a a set pattern, all factories were dealt with in the same fashion. Any member of the council in principle would have been able to make an overview of the differing areas in which the Company was active. If any, they seem to have been the people able to make a comparison of the Indian subcontinent and the Indonesian archipelago. The following is an attempt to show what insights might have been expected from an interview with an elder servant of the ‘honourable Company’.

scholarly journals Priority Analysis of Community Complaints through E-Government Based on Social Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3345-3349
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Government Response ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

Now days in this modern era of globalization, the development of information and communication technology has offered solutions to improve public service performance. This also provides new innovations for the government to be able to offer the latest solutions in improving its services. This report discusses research based on Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 concerning national policies and strategies for the development of e-Government, various regions began to develop the application. The case is discussed about the application of e government in Tangerang city. LAKSA is a feature for the people of Tangerang City to convey their aspirations, aim to the government can effectively and efficiently fulfill the needs of the city of Tangerang. With this prosperity, the government response is needed in accordance with the level of urgency of the complaints conveyed by the community. This research will compare the methods that can be used to solve this problem, namely Naive Bayes and decision trees

Pieter Phoonsen of Surat, c. 1730–1740

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
Ashin Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
White Race ◽  
Hand Writing ◽  
The City

Pieter Laurens Phoonsen, son of Bernard Phoonsen, a distinguished servant of the Dutch East India Company, was born at Gale in Ceylon in 1691 and probably never saw the Netherlands in his life. He was enrolled as a common sailor on a ship of the Dutch Company at Batavia in the year 1707. The peak of his career in the service of the Company was reached when he succeeded Herman Bruinink as the directeur of the Dutch council at Surat late in the year 1728. The papers produced at the Dutch lodge at Surat throughout the 1730s show Phoonsen as an efficient servant of the Company, an upright man keen to uphold the honour of the white race in an alien environment and, on the whole, aloof from the fearful complications of these years in the city of Surat. Phoonsen's colleagues in the council at Surat carefully emulated their chief and the official papers give no ground to suspect that the Indian world enmeshed in any way with life as it went on behind the walls at the Dutch lodge or that the Company, whatever the directors might say, had any well-founded reason for complaint. True, such upright men were not universally admired even at the time. Apart from the distant suspicion of Amsterdam, there was scepticism closer at hand. Writing an ordinary business letter in the early 1730s, Henry Lowther, the chief of the English factory at Surat, noted: ‘The Dutch have sold their cargo, that is the Chief and Council have bought it underhand but at what price no one knows.’ The prolix correspondence from the Dutch lodge at Surat was not, however, tainted with such meanness.

scholarly journals Perancangan Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Tentang Bahaya Balap Liar Di Jalan Udayana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Miyarta Yasa ◽  
Rasta Maulana Rahmanto ◽  
Sandi Justitia Putra
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Service Announcements ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Motor Racing ◽  
Real Action

Wild motor racing is an activity that is negative and full of danger both to themselves and others. Illegal racing activities occur because of negative associations among teenagers and a lack of attention from parents, families and their environmental communities. To overcome the possibility of unwanted things getting worse, socialization and direction is needed to teenagers or young children, through various means or can use various kinds of information media, one of which is public service announcements. The purpose of designing public service announcements about the dangers of illegal racing is to increase public awareness of orderly driving on the highway, educate the people of Mataram City and create a safe and comfortable atmosphere. Public Service Announcements to be designed using the analysis method 5W + 1H. The public service advertisement that the writer designed was aimed at the city of Mataram, especially on Udayana Street with the main priority target audience being the youth and the general public. The design is themed about the dangers of wild racing using print media in the form of billboards. It is expected that the existence of Public Service Advertisements through billboards can give awareness to illegal racers not to carry out illegal racing activities, provide references to similar studies to make designs that can really hit the hearts of the target audience and the government is expected to be able to take more real action in dealing with the dangers of wild motor racing.

Maulānā Raḥmat Allāh Kairānawī and Muslim-Christian Controversy in India in the Mid-19th Century

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
A. A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
North India ◽  
The North ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Muslim Culture ◽  
North Western

During the 1850's a prolonged encounter took place in the city of Agra between a Muslim ‘ālim, Maulānā Raḥmat Alläh Kairānawī, and a German evangelical missionary, the Reverend K. G. Pfander. The early Mughal emperors had developed Agra as the capital of their expanding empire, and even after the transfer of the court in 1648 to nearby Delhi, the city had retained some importance as a centre of Muslim culture and learning. But the period of the decline of the Mughal fortunes in the 18th century culminated in the capture of Agra in 1803 by the forces of the East India Company, and the next half-century saw the transformation of the city into a key administrative centre in the expansion of British control over north India. In 1836 Agra was made the headquarters of a new unit of administration—the North-Western Provinces. Hence the phase of active religious encounter which began shortly after that date should be examined in terms of the impact which British rule, Western culture, and the Christian religion had effected on the people of the province since its annexation. Indeed in the eyes of missionary as well as ‘ālim, the generating force behind the new confrontation was a fear that the beginning of Christian preaching activity in Agra was a threat to the hold of Islam on the uneducated Muslims of the city and the surrounding region.

A famine in Surat in 1631 and Dodos on Mauritius: a long lost manuscript rediscovered

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Winters ◽  
J. P. Hume ◽  
M. Leenstra
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into

In 1887 Dutch archivist A. J. Servaas van Rooijen published a transcript of a hand-written copy of an anonymous missive or letter, dated 1631, about a horrific famine and epidemic in Surat, India, and also an important description of the fauna of Mauritius. The missive may have been written by a lawyer acting on behalf of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It not only gives details about the famine, but also provides a unique insight into the status of endemic and introduced Mauritius species, at a time when the island was mostly uninhabited and used only as a replenishment station by visiting ships. Reports from this period are very rare. Unfortunately, Servaas van Rooijen failed to mention the location of the missive, so its whereabouts remained unknown; as a result, it has only been available as a secondary source. Our recent rediscovery of the original hand-written copy provides details about the events that took place in Surat and Mauritius in 1631–1632. A full English translation of the missive is appended.

Economic Value of Pavement for the Elderly: Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 927-937
Author(s):  
Somskaow Bejranonda ◽  
◽  
Aekkapat Laksanacom ◽  
Waranan Tantiwat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The People ◽  
The City

Based on the concept of a livable and global age-friendly city, pavements are a public facility that the city should provide to the people. Appropriate pavements will be beneficial for the people, particularly for good quality of life for the elderly to move around in the city. This study explored the behaviour of the elderly in the use of pavements and the problems confronted. The study also evaluated the value of the pavement walking area as it reflected the benefits of pavements to the elderly by applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). During March-May 2017, data were collected using interviews with 601 elderly living in Bangkok. The study indicated that the main problem for senior citizens regarding their use of pavements was from being disturbed by motorbikes riding on the pavements. The average value of pavement for the elderly was about THB 160 (USD 5.30) per person per year. Thus, the benefits of pavements to the elderly in Bangkok was approximately THB 158 million (USD 5.2 million) per year. Thus, policy makers should make proper budget allocations for elderly-friendly pavement management and seriously address the problems confronting the elderly in using pavements, to maximize the usefulness of pavements not only for the elderly but also for the public and to support a sustainable urban development.

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