The acquisition of nuclei: a longitudinal analysis of phonological vowel length in three German-speaking children

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET M. KEHOE ◽  
CONXITA LLEÓ
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Short Vowels ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time

Studies of vowel length acquisition indicate an initial stage in which phonological vowel length is random followed by a stage in which either long vowels (without codas) or short vowels and codas are produced. To determine whether this sequence of acquisition applies to a group of German-speaking children (three children aged 1;3–2;6), monosyllabic and disyllabic words were transcribed and acoustically analysed. The results did not support a stage in which vowel length was totally random. At the first time period (onset of word production to 1;7), one child's monosyllabic productions were governed by a bipositional constraint such that either long vowels, or short vowels and codas were produced. At the second (1;10 to 2;0) and third time periods (2;3 to 2;6), all three children produced target long vowels significantly longer than target short vowels. Transcription results indicated that children experienced more difficulty producing target long than short vowels. In the discussion, the findings are interpreted in terms of the representation of vowel length in children's grammars.

A Comparison of Funding Patterns in Professional Occupational Therapy Education Programs

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Dunn ◽  
Mary Ann Boyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Therapy Education ◽  
Model Programs ◽  
First Time

This study compared data collected from two questionnaires completed by faculty in professional occupational therapy education programs in the United States. The questionnaires asked respondents to describe their funding requests over two time periods; 1985 through 1987 and 1988 through 1990. The data from the first time period was reported elsewhere (Boyle, Dunn, & Kielhofner, 1990); this article presents the data from the second inquiry and compares the data from the two time periods to show trends. Programs submitted a total of 24 requests intramurally and 194 requests extramurally for a total of 218 requests during the second time period. Programs received full or partial funding for 115 proposals, a total of nearly $15 million, which was an increase of approximately $2 million. Research was funded at $1,865,500 ( n=35), a more than $1 million increase from the first time period. Programs received $5,725,790 for training ( n=35), $28,450 for model programs ( n=2), $1,326,614 for research and demonstration ( n=6), and $5,804,689 for other activities ( n=37).

Revisiting the Issue of Influential Sources in the Integration of Psychology and Theology: More than a Decade Summary

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Julia P. Grimm ◽  
Keri L. Barnett ◽  
Rodney L. Bassett ◽  
Suzanne M. Pearson ◽  
Alysia Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychodynamic Theory ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mainstream Psychology

Building upon the work of Jones, Ripley, Kurusu, and Worthington, Jr. (1998), we identified the most influential books and articles within the integration literature in 1985–1994, 1995–2004, and 2005–2010. We tallied references within the Journal of Psychology and Christianity and the Journal of Psychology and Theology and identified trends. There were differential citation rates across the three time periods for both articles and books. Consistently, the most frequently cited works were cited less often in the first time period compared to the following time periods. The number of edited volumes and sensitivity to knowing and doing integration well have both increased. Psychodynamic theory provided fertile soil for the growth of integration. The growing interest in forgiveness has been reflected within the integration literature. Mainstream psychology has increasingly applied spiritualities to practice. Finally, the emotional atmosphere on the boundaries of psychology and Christianity seems to have undergone some change.

ESA use in women with cancer: Consequences of the 2008 FDA clinical alert.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5040-5040
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Dickinson ◽  
Bachir Joseph Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

5040 Background: Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) are used clinically as an alternative to blood transfusions in cancer patients suffering from symptoms of anemia. However, more recent randomized controlled trials of ESA usage concluded that its use is associated with an increased risk of tumor progression and death. As a result, in July 2008 the FDA issued a clinical alert restricting the use of ESA. A reduction in the prescribing of ESA was immediately seen but changes in blood transfusion rates have not been examined. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted drawing from patients under treatment in the Program in Women’s Oncology at Women and Infant’s Hospital from one year before the clinical alert (August 2007-July 2008) to one year afterward (August 2008-July 2009). The primary outcomes were blood transfusion and ESA administration rates compared across the two time periods. Results: The study population (n=776) included patients with a cancer diagnosis who received chemotherapy during one or both time periods. 165 (21.3%) patients received ESA treatment. The total number of ESA treatments administered in the study period of interest was 1,277, with the majority (60%) given prior to the FDA alert. The mean number of ESA treatments in the first time period was 6.39 per person as compared to 0.61 per person in the second time period. Of the study population, 186 (23.8%) patients received at least one blood transfusion. A total of 463 blood transfusions were administered during the entire study period but a significant difference was not observed in the proportion of those delivered prior to the FDA alert (52%) versus after the FDA alert (48%). The average number of transfusions given in the first time period was 2.34 per person, as compared to 2.17 per person in the second period. Conclusions: Our results indicate that despite a steep decline in the use of ESA for chemotherapy-induced anemia, blood transfusion rates were not significantly different between the two periods. Interestingly, a slight downward trend was observed from before the FDA alert to after the alert. While more work is needed to understand the implications of these findings, it suggests that resource utilization did not increase despite the reduction in ESA use.

scholarly journals Changes in Biomass of the Species Cupressus arizonica Affected by Zinc Metal

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Seyed Armin Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Zinc Metal ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
First Time ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The matter of soil pollution by heavy metals caused to increase of concerns about environment. The present study has been done by the aim of investigation on zinc metal accumulation onCupressus arizonica. To achieving this goal the one-yearCupressus arizonicaspecies seedlings were placed in vases. After the passage of each 55-day time periods from the growth of seedlings, the shoot, root and soil of seedlings were sampled. Results were studied using ANOVA test and Duncan test. The lowest concentration rate of zinc inCupressus arizonicaspecies organs in the first time period in the shoot and root was 5 g and 1.9 g, respectively and in the second time period in the shoot and root was 2 g and 1.6 g, respectively. Based on the researches,Cupressus arizonicaspecies appropriate for refining zinc metal polluted soils.

scholarly journals LEXICOGRAPHIC SOURCES IN THE PERIOD OF NEW POLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
N. TORCHYNSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

In the article the surnames of the village Bozhykivtsi are analyzes. At the same time, it is indicated that today significant successes have been in general achieved in the study of anthroponymic heritage of Ukraine, in particular, the surnames of Hutsul region (B. B. Blyzniuk), Boykivshchyna (G. E. Buchko), Lubenshchyna (L. O. Kravchenko), Opillya (H. D. Panchuk), Upper Transnistria (I. D. Farion), etc. The purpose of our research is to analyze the anthroponyms of the village of Bozhykivtsi and to carry out their lexical-semantic and word-forming characteristics on three time periods (1855, 1946 – 1949 and 1986 – 1990), to show the changes in the composition on the basis of a comparative analysis of the surnames. The funds of archives were the sources of the study of surnames, as a result of which a card index was compiled. The material for the study was 649 surnames. The word-forming-structural analysis of surnames of the village of Bozhykivtsi allowed to distinguish morphological and lexical-semantic formations. Anthropo unitst of the village Bozhikivtsi that has been formed by the lexico-semantic way are motivated by: 1) onymic vocabulary: a) surname, corresponding to the personal name; b) surnames corresponding to toponyms; 2) appellate vocabulary: a) surnames related to nouns: non-derivatives and derivatives; b) surnames related to composites; c) surnames related to adjectives. The morphological way of creating anthroponyms is represented only by suffixation. Surnames are formed with the help of patronymics (-евич / -ович, -ич), polyfunctional (-енк-о, -ук / -’ук, -чук, -ик, -ськ-ий / -цьк-ий, -ак / -’ак, -чак, -к-о, -ець, -ан/-’ан, -унь, -л-о, -ій, -ок, -ач), possessive (-ов / -ев / -єв / -ів , -ин / -ін) formants. Thus, it has been established that 44% of the surnames of the first period are preserved in the third time period, so 56% of anthroponyms are new, which is primarily due to the migration of the inhabitants. It was found that at all stages, more names motivated by appeals, less – proper names. Anthroponyms with uncertaine semantics consist 2-3%. Lexical-semantic formations dominated in the first time period, and the morphological one in the second and third periods. The most productive forms wereук/-’ук/-чук, -ськ/-цьк.

scholarly journals An external validation of the QCovid risk prediction algorithm for risk of mortality from COVID-19 in adults: national validation cohort study in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahe Nafilyan ◽  
Ben Humberstone ◽  
Nisha Mehta ◽  
Ian Diamond ◽  
Carol Coupland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Risk Prediction Models ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYBackgroundTo externally validate a risk prediction algorithm (QCovid) to estimate mortality outcomes from COVID-19 in adults in England.MethodsPopulation-based cohort study using the ONS Public Health Linked Data Asset, a cohort based on the 2011 Census linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, the General Practice Extraction Service Data for pandemic planning and research, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy records. The primary outcome was time to COVID-19 death, defined as confirmed or suspected COVID-19 death as per death certification. Two time periods were used: (a) 24th January to 30th April 2020; and (b) 1st May to 28th July 2020. We evaluated the performance of the QCovid algorithms using measures of discrimination and calibration for each validation time period.FindingsThe study comprises 34,897,648 adults aged 19-100 years resident in England. There were 26,985 COVID-19 deaths during the first time-period and 13,177 during the second. The algorithms had good calibration in the validation cohort in both time periods with close correspondence of observed and predicted risks. They explained 77.1% (95% CI: 76.9% to 77.4%) of the variation in time to death in men in the first time-period (R2); the D statistic was 3.76 (95% CI: 3.73 to 3.79); Harrell’s C was 0.935 (0.933 to 0.937). Similar results were obtained for women, and in the second time-period. In the top 5% of patients with the highest predicted risks of death, the sensitivity for identifying deaths in the first time period was 65.9% for men and 71.7% for women. People in the top 20% of predicted risks of death accounted for 90.8% of all COVID-19 deaths for men and 93.0% for women.InterpretationThe QCovid population-based risk algorithm performed well, showing very high levels of discrimination for COVID-19 deaths in men and women for both time periods. It has the potential to be dynamically updated as the pandemic evolves and therefore, has potential use in guiding national policy.FundingNational Institute of Health ResearchRESEARCH IN CONTEXTEvidence before this studyPublic policy measures and clinical risk assessment relevant to COVID-19 need to be aided by rigorously developed and validated risk prediction models. A recent living systematic review of published risk prediction models for COVID-19 found most models are subject to a high risk of bias with optimistic reported performance, raising concern that these models may be unreliable when applied in practice. A population-based risk prediction model, QCovid risk prediction algorithm, has recently been developed to identify adults at high risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes, which overcome many of the limitations of previous tools.Added value of this studyCommissioned by the Chief Medical Officer for England, we validated the novel clinical risk prediction model (QCovid) to identify risks of short-term severe outcomes due to COVID-19. We used national linked datasets from general practice, death registry and hospital episode data for a population-representative sample of over 34 million adults. The risk models have excellent discrimination in men and women (Harrell’s C statistic>0.9) and are well calibrated. QCovid represents a new, evidence-based opportunity for population risk-stratification.Implications of all the available evidenceQCovid has the potential to support public health policy, from enabling shared decision making between clinicians and patients in relation to health and work risks, to targeted recruitment for clinical trials, and prioritisation of vaccination, for example.

scholarly journals PENAMPILAN TINGKAH LAKU SEKSUAL SAPI PEJANTAN LIMOUSIN DAN SIMMENTAL DI BALAI INSEMINASI BUATAN LEMBANG

ZOOTEC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad F Sam ◽  
E . Pudjihastuti ◽  
M J Hendrik ◽  
L R Ngangi ◽  
I G.P.N Raka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Animal Replacement ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF LIMOUSIN AND SIMMENTAL BULL BREEDSAT THE LEMBANG ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION CENTER. In order to provide the prominent bulls, the management process of animal selection was required for animal replacement stock. Animal selection was including the inspection of animal physical and sexual behavior.  Based on this criterion, study was conducted to observe the sexual behavior of Limousin and Simmental breed bulls at the artificial insemination center in Lembang, Bandung.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristic of sexual behavior of the Limousin and Simmental breed bulls.  The amount of 80 bulls consisted of 40 Limousin and 40 Simmental bulls at the age of 6 to 9 years old were used in this study.  Data collections were conducted by focal animal sampling.  Sexual behavior was observed during ten days at the time from 07.00 to 11.00 West Indonesian Time.  Data collection were started at the period of bull was introduced into teaser.Based on t-test on sexual behavior of Limousin and Simmental bulls, the results showed that (1) The time need for courtship with teaser of Limousin bull was significantly shorter (P<0,01) compared with Simmental bull; (2) Time period use for the first time to start flehmen of Limousin bull was shorter significantly (P<0,01) compared with Simmental bull; (3) Flehmen frequency of Limousin and Simmental was non significantly.Based on the observation of sexual behavior, the Limousin bull need time of the 2,22 seconds to start courthip with teaser, while Simmental bull need time of 2,77 seconds to start courtship with teaser.  The Limousin bull need time of 222 seconds to start flehmen, while Simmental bull need time of 239 seconds to start flehmen. The time periods used for the first time to mount teaser by Limousin bull were 214,87 seconds, while those by Simmental bull were 302,02 seconds. The flehmen frequency of Limousin dan Simmental bulls was similar of only one time during sexual behavior.Key Words :Limousin, Simmental, Sexual behavior, Lembang Artificial Insemination Center

Patterns in Electronic Brainstorming

2011 ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Dennis ◽  
Alain Pinsonneault ◽  
Kelly McNamara Hilmer ◽  
Henri Barki ◽  
Brent Gallupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Electronic Brainstorming ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Group Brainstorming ◽  
Electronic Groups ◽  
First Time

Previous research has shown that some groups using electronic brainstorming generate more unique ideas than groups using nominal group brainstorming, while others do not. This study examined two factors through which group size may affect brainstorming performance: synergy and social loafing. Groups brainstormed using three techniques to manipulate synergy and two group sizes to manipulate social loafing. We found no social loafing effects. There were significant differences in synergy, but not the ones we had theorized. Instead, we found a time effect: nominal brainstorming groups that received no synergy from the ideas of others produced more ideas than electronic groups in the first time period and fewer ideas in the last time period. We conclude that synergy from the ideas of others is only important when groups brainstorm for longer time periods and may have a harder time generating ideas. We also conclude that electronic brainstorming groups, whether in the field or in the research laboratory, should be given at least 30 minutes to work on tasks or else they will be unlikely to develop synergy.

Long term change observation of river terrain due to dam removal in Central Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingray Liu ◽  
Chunhung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Dam Removal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Central Taiwan ◽  
First Time

&lt;p&gt;This research focuses on the long-term geomorphologic change in the upstream of the silt dams in the Lan-daw rivers watershed in central Taiwan, adopts the long-term rainfall records in the Lan-daw rivers watershed to calculate the 1-day, 2-days, 3-days accumulated rainfall with different return period, and analyzes the relationship between the geomorphologic change and the accumulated rainfall. This research builds the Digital Surface Models based on the photos shot by UAV at 9 different times. The river in upstream of the Lan-daw rivers watershed is sinuous. The research classifies 3 time periods from 2010 to August, 2019, including the first time period from 2010 to June, 2017, the second time period from June, 2017 to Nov. 2018, and the third time period from Nov. 2018 to Aug. 2019. The target in the first time period is to observe the geomorphologic change after the first dam removal, that in the second time period to observe the geomorphologic change in the 2 years after dam removal, and that in the third time period to observe the geomorphologic change after the second dam removal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The longitudinal slopes in the first, second, and third time periods are -30.3%, 14.8%, and 5.98%, and the knickpoint in the longitudinal profile in the first and second time periods occur in the upstream 20 m of the silt dam and that in the third time periods occurs in the upstream 45 m of the silt dam. The research classifies the cross-sections profiles into 3 groups, including the first group from C1 to C7 cross sections, the second group from C8 to C14 cross sections, and the third group from C15 to C22 cross sections. The geomorphologic change in the first group near the silt dam is the most obvious in the three groups. The geomorphologic change in the three groups in the first time period are -6.43 m to -8.13 m (scouring), those in the second time period are 0.23 m to 0.34 m (deposition), and those in the third time period are 0.46 m (deposition) to -1.78 m (scouring). Based on the analysis of the long-term rainfall record in the Lan-daw river watershed, the return period of the heaviest rainfall from 2015 to Aug. 2019 is less than 20-year return period. This means that the geomorphologic change in upstream of silt dam in the Lan-Daw river watershed is easy induced in the short time after dam removal.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SURNAMES OF THE VILLAGE OF BOZHYKIVTSI, DERAZHNYAN DISTRICT, KHMELNYTSKYI REGION: DIACHRONIC ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
O. Yushchyshyna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

In the article the surnames of the village Bozhykivtsi are analyzes. At the same time, it is indicated that today significant successes have been in general achieved in the study of anthroponymic heritage of Ukraine, in particular, the surnames of Hutsul region (B. B. Blyzniuk), Boykivshchyna (G. E. Buchko), Lubenshchyna (L. O. Kravchenko), Opillya (H. D. Panchuk), Upper Transnistria (I. D. Farion), etc. The purpose of our research is to analyze the anthroponyms of the village of Bozhykivtsi and to carry out their lexical-semantic and word-forming characteristics on three time periods (1855, 1946 – 1949 and 1986 – 1990), to show the changes in the composition on the basis of a comparative analysis of the surnames. The funds of archives were the sources of the study of surnames, as a result of which a card index was compiled. The material for the study was 649 surnames. The word-forming-structural analysis of surnames of the village of Bozhykivtsi allowed to distinguish morphological and lexical-semantic formations. Anthropo unitst of the village Bozhikivtsi that has been formed by the lexico-semantic way are motivated by: 1) onymic vocabulary: a) surname, corresponding to the personal name; b) surnames corresponding to toponyms; 2) appellate vocabulary: a) surnames related to nouns: non-derivatives and derivatives; b) surnames related to composites; c) surnames related to adjectives. The morphological way of creating anthroponyms is represented only by suffixation. Surnames are formed with the help of patronymics (-евич / -ович, -ич), polyfunctional (-енк-о, -ук / -’ук, -чук, -ик, -ськ-ий / -цьк-ий, -ак / -’ак, -чак, -к-о, -ець, -ан/-’ан, -унь, -л-о, -ій, -ок, -ач), possessive (-ов / -ев / -єв / -ів , -ин / -ін) formants. Thus, it has been established that 44% of the surnames of the first period are preserved in the third time period, so 56% of anthroponyms are new, which is primarily due to the migration of the inhabitants. It was found that at all stages, more names motivated by appeals, less – proper names. Anthroponyms with uncertaine semantics consist 2-3%. Lexical-semantic formations dominated in the first time period, and the morphological one in the second and third periods. The most productive forms wereук/-’ук/-чук, -ськ/-цьк.

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