China's Defence Industrial Base in 1985

2013 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 432-455
Author(s):  
David Bachman
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis essay assesses various dimensions of China's defence industrial enterprises. It argues that the defence industrial system should be divided into two tiers: tier one, composed of weapons and equipment producers for the military, and tier two, composed of “civilian” industrial enterprises that provided critical inputs for tier one enterprises, and which in national emergencies could be mobilized to produce weapons themselves. In 1985, there were 1,158 tier one defence enterprises and 827 tier two enterprises among China's 8,285 large- and medium-scale enterprises. Additional information is provided on defence enterprise shares of the economy at the provincial and the national levels, on enterprise distribution by industrial sector, and on when enterprises were built. The article attempts to estimate the total number of workers, output value and fixed assets of the defence industrial sector, and their weight in the national economy.

scholarly journals Modern problems of fixed capital management of the industrial enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Olena STANISLAVYK ◽  
Oleksandr KOVALENKO
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fixed Assets

Introduction. Production activity is impossible without the presence of fixed capital and its basic element – fixed assets, in the operation of which the depreciation fund is formed and the targeted use of depreciation deductions and quality reproduction of fixed assets of the enterprise are positioned to the fore. The importance of this issue increases due to need to enter markets with competitive goods and services, which leads to innovative and active activities of industrial enterprises, which require, above all, significant investments into the fixed assets. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the essence and modern problems of fixed capital management of industrial enterprise. Results. The paper explores the essence of fixed capital management of industrial enterprise and identifies modern key issues in this area facing managers of domestic industrial enterprises. The role of strategic and tactical planning of the process of reproduction of fixed assets in the management of fixed capital of the industrial enterprise and the reasons for its renewal are highlighted. The requirements for the formation of strategy and management system of fixed capital of the industrial enterprise are presented. The stages of formation of the effective strategy of fixed capital management under conditions of the modern market and the basic directions of activity of the industrial enterprise in this sphere are offered. The necessity of implementing the rational depreciation policy and correct revaluation of fixed assets is shown. The importance of using leasing as effective tool for investment and renewal of fixed assets of domestic enterprises of the industrial sector of economy is considered. Conclusion. For the effective management of fixed capital, it is important for industrial enterprises to perform a number of tasks, which involve the development of long-term strategy and tactics for the formation and effective use of fixed assets; determination of fixed capital renewal needs; adequate assessment of the conditions of fixed assets, maintaining the proper conditions of machinery and equipment; implementation of rational depreciation policy; finding acceptable sources of funding for the restoration of fixed capital, as well as finding more efficient ways of using the investment resources. It should allow the industrial enterprise to produce products, which are in demand, and ensure stable competitive positions and high efficiency in the long run.

scholarly journals A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Sinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Special Meeting

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.

scholarly journals Institutional Environment as a Determinant of Efficiency of Industrial Development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
N. Grazhevska ◽  
А. Khodzhaian ◽  
A. Zavazhenko
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

The authors proved that contrary to the global trends of development of science-intensive neo-industrial economy in Ukraine there is deindustrialization of the economy associated with outpacing growth of production and export of raw materials with a low level of technological processing and added value. The article examines the main factors of the deindustrialization of Ukraine’s economy, in particular, a significant degree of depreciation of fixed assets of industrial enterprises and production infrastructure, insufficient volume and unsatisfactory structure of capital investment to restore worn-out fixed capital, negative dynamics of foreign direct investment in the spheres of national economy such as innovations, etc. The authors also highlighted and analyzed the institutional factors influencing the industrial development of Ukraine, namely: the “presence” of the state in the economy, corruption and the shadow economy. The negative impact of the institutional environment on the innovative modernization of the national industrial sector was confirmed with the help of economic and mathematical modelling. The main directions of intensification of the state ‘s activity to overcome the institutional dysfunctions and traps formed during the period of market reform of the national economy are substantiated.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
World Markets

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of investment potential of the national economy. It is substantiated that in the conditions of decentralization of power and finances there is a need for structural changes and diversification of economic activities not only at the state level, but also at the local and meso levels. It is proved that the investment potential is associated with national wealth and gross domestic product. It has been found that the largest share of fixed assets of Ukraine is concentrated in industry. As a result of the research, it is proved that in terms of assessing the investment potential through the national wealth and fixed assets of Ukraine, industry is the dominant imperative, which should be considered transport with related economic activities and administrative support services. It is justified that the revealed dynamics of the recession of the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy has taken place in combination with the deterioration of price dynamics in key commodity markets of national exports. It is proposed to improve the position of Ukraine in world markets, it is necessary to intensify cooperation between business (owners), government and civil society in the development and adoption of national and territorial program documents.

scholarly journals Empirical Investigation of the Factors Affecting Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Performance in Borno State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Alfa Tahir ◽  
Fatimah Usman Inuwa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Significant Factors

Past studies have documented the relevance of strong industrial base to economic development. Although several measures have been put in place to develop the industrial sector, the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Scale Businesses (MSMEs) leaves much to be desired. This study examines socio-economic factors affecting Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Performance in Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria. Data was generated from a survey of 84 Micro Small Medium Enterprises operators in Maiduguri and analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics were used to analyze the data collected. The results from the Exploratory Factor Analysis, Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis show that insecurity and inadequate infrastructural facilities are the most significant factors affecting MSMEs performance in Borno state. The study therefore recommends that government should provide better security and improve infrastructural facilities such as power supply in order to enhance MSMEs performance.

Corporate culture as a driver of the corporate security of foreign military-industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2380
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

Subject. The military-industrial complex is one of the core industries in any economy. It ensures both the economic and global security of the State. However, the economic security of MIC enterprises strongly depends on the State and other stakeholders. Objectives. We examine key factors of corporate culture in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The article identifies the best implementation of corporate culture that has a positive effect on the corporate security in the MIC of the USA, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan ans China. Methods. The study employs dialectical method of research, combines the historical and logic unity, structural analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We performed the comparative analysis of corporate culture models and examined how they are used by the MIC corporations with respect to international distinctions. Conclusions and Relevance. The State is the main stakeholder of the MIC corporations, since it acts as the core customer represented by the military department. It regulates and controls operations. The State is often a major shareholder of such corporations. Employees are also important stakeholders. Hence, trying to satisfy stakeholders' needs by developing the corporate culture, corporations mitigate their key risks and enhance their corporate security.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Introduction of Flexible Manufacturing Systems as a Necessary Measure for the Russian Industrial Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 957 ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Agile Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

With the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the business environment becomes inherent in changes that occur with maximum speed, as well as characterized by the systemic nature of the consequences. One of them is the transformation of operational management models in industrial enterprises. The modern manufacturing system should focus not only on speed of response and flexibility, but also on the cost and quality of products. Integration of effective models: agile manufacturing, quick response manufacturing and lean production, in order to extract the best from them is proposed. The purpose of this study is to analyze this flexible manufacturing system and to relate it to the current state of the Russian industrial development. Theoretical and practical aspects of this model are presented. The examples of the flexible models introduction in the Russian industrial sector is allocated. The conclusion about the necessity of the flexible manufacturing systems implementation for the Russian industrial development is drawn.

Developments and challenges in public sector accounting

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Madrid García
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Management Indicators ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Public Sector Accounting ◽  
Accounting Convergence

What could be dubbed traditional public sector accounting was adequate for the public sector as it existed up to the late 1980s. When it became evident that this type of accounting no longer sufficed, attention turned to seeking a role model in business accounting that differed significantly from public sector accounting. Despite the move of public sector accounting towards business accounting practices, some issues still remain unresolved. The accounting treatment of fixed assets is the question which has perhaps generated the most literature. Today much ground has been covered; however, to be modern and effective, public sector accounting has still to grapple with three important challenges: standardisation and accounting convergence; consolidation of financial statements; and management indicators and additional information for disclosure.

Methodological approaches to assessing the digitalization scale in types of economic activity in the region and the potential of digital technologies for the real economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1541
Author(s):  
Vitalii V. PECHATKIN ◽  
Liliya M. VIL'DANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Subject. As digital technologies spread across all industries, active processes of digital transformation need to be managed both nationally and regionally. Assessing the extent of digitalization across types of economic activities is the key issue for setting up the socio-economic development strategy of the region and evaluating its efficiency. Objectives. The study is aimed to formulate and test methodological approaches to assessing the digitalization in types of economic activities and the potential of digital technologies for the real economy. Methods. The study relies upon the dialectical method, systems approach, questionnaires, expert approach, interpretation of empirical facts through tables, etc. Results. We devised a methodological approaches to assessing the extent of digitalization in types of economic activities across regions. The approach combines the quantification and evaluation of the process and helps determine the extent of local digital transformation at the regional level. We devised and tested the methodological approach to rating digital technologies, which have the high potential for raising the competitiveness and resilience to competition of the industrial sector in the Russian regions. As opposed to the existing approaches, the approach accounts for the current scale of digital technologies in the national economy, the potential for growth in the demand and supply in the domestic and foreign markets, and the potential for import substitution with respect to foreign technologies and products. Conclusions and Relevance. What makes the proposed methodological approaches more preferable is that they help assess not only the extent of digitalization in types of economic activities and the predominance of certain types in industrial enterprises, but also determine their potential for import substitution in terms of digital security.

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