Understanding China's Rising Rights Consciousness

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 638-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lorentzen ◽  
Suzanne Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
Rights Consciousness

AbstractClaims that China's people are exhibiting a rising “rights consciousness” have become commonplace, with some suggesting this phenomenon is driving political change. Yet it is often unclear what the concept means, leading to ambiguous or contradictory conclusions from field research. In order to create a basis for more systematic analysis, we develop a rational choice framework that characterizes three different factors that could lead to rights-conscious behaviour: changing values, changing government policies, and changing expectations of the behaviour of others. What rising rights consciousness implies for social stability can vary dramatically, depending on which change is at work. Rights consciousness resulting from changes in values or in shared expectations of behaviour is destabilizing for the CCP's continued rule, whereas rights consciousness derived from government policies has a stabilizing effect. While in practice these can be interrelated in complex ways, empirical research would benefit from greater attention to these distinctions.

scholarly journals Tunisia’s Re-Configurations and Transitional Justice in Process: How Planned Processes of Social and Political Change Interplay with Unplanned Political Dynamics

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Mariam Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Shifts ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Justice Process

Abstract This chapter seeks to explain the developments of the Tunisian transitional justice process. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s ideas about social processes, it argues that dynamics of transitional justice processes can neither be understood solely in light of international norms and the “justice industry” that both shape institutionalized transitional justice projects, nor simply by examining context and the political preferences of domestic actors. Rather, these shifts are shaped by the interplay of planned processes with unplanned political and social dynamics; with a political context in flux, power shifts, and sometimes competing planned efforts in other realms. Empirically grounded in “process-concurrent” field research in post- “Arab Spring” Tunisia, the contribution shows that a technocratic/institutionalized transitional justice project can develop dynamics that are somewhat, but not entirely, independent of power shifts. However, the above interplays may lead to frictional encounters that trigger feedback loops, new processes, and new structures.

Support for the System

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Green
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Empirical Theory ◽  
Conception Of Man

So-called ‘general theory’, or ‘systems theory’, is now nearly friendless among political scientists. The charm it once held as an ordering framework for empirical research has given way to that of the economic models of the rational choice school. While the successor paradigm was self-consciously reacting against the ‘over-socialized’ conception of man underlying systems theory and political sociology in general, much of its broader appeal was founded on similar claims: the promise of a testable, empirical theory, and an aspiration to complete generality. Perhaps these two goals will turn out to be irreconcilable; there is some plausibility in the view that, in practical affairs anyway, the idea of a general empirical theory is a contradiction in terms. In this article, however, I wish to examine a problem for systems theory which is not due to this tension, one which has gone unnoticed, and which has survived the decline and fall of the research programme.

Middlemen in Third-World Corruption: Implications of an Indian Case

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Made In

Corruption—like the weather—is a phenomenon people in the third world talk about a great deal, and, it would seem, do little about. Scholars of political change in the third world share this interest, but—although they are usually not expected to deal with corruption itself —they should move beyond the recounting of vivid anecdotes to a more systematic analysis of the problem. Steps in this direction were made in the 1960s and 1970s, but surprisingly little more work has been done since.

scholarly journals PARADIGMA FIKIH SUNGAI: TELAAH KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAN PEMAHAMAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSERVASI SUNGAI DI KOTA BANJARMASIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmat Hakim ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Sairazi ◽  
Nasrullah Nasrullah
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
River Conservation ◽  
Research Analysis

Kota Banjarmasin merupakan kota yang memiliki begitu banyak aliran sungai dan dihuni mayoritas oleh kaum muslim, yang seyogyanya mengerti akan pentingnya manfaat sungai karena Islam mengajarkan hal tersebut. Namun kenyataannya masih banyak masyarakat yang membuang sampah ke aliran sungai bahkan membangun pemukiman di bantaran sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pemerintah terhadap konservasi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin dan mengetahui respon masyarakat muslim Banjarmasin terhadap kebijakan pemerintah terkait konservasi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin, serta mengetahui sejauh mana kultur pemahaman keagamaan dan persepsi masyarakat muslim di Kota Banjarmasin yang dapat mendukung terhadap upaya pemanfaatan dan konservasi sungai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan, dengan masyarakat kota Banjarmasin dan dinas-dinas terkait sebagai subyek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis penelitian secara deskriptif dan menggunakan modal teoritik yang dimiliki oleh peneliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bawah Kebijakan konservasi sungai telah diatur dalam berbagai regulasi oleh Pemerintah Kota Banjarmasin, bahkan menjadi isu strategis dalam perencanaan tata ruang wilayah Kota Banjarmasin 2013-2032. Kebijakan tersebut mendapat respon positif dari masyarakat Kota Banjarmasin, namun partisipasi dan keterlibatan mereka terhadap konsevasi sungai masih rendah. Selain itu, pemahaman keagamaan masyarakat muslim di Kota Banjarmasin dalam pemanfaatan dan konservasi sungai juga masih rendah karena belum didukung oleh pengetahuan mereka terhadap konsep fikih dan aturan-aturan terkait pemanfaatan air dan pelestarian sumber air dan konservasi lingkungan. Banjarmasin city is a city that has so many rivers and is inhabited by the majority of Muslims, who should understand about the importance of the rivers’ benefits because Islam teaches it. However, in reality there are still many people who throw garbage into the river, even build settlements along the river. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of government policies on river conservation in Banjarmasin City and to know the response of the Banjarmasin Muslim community to government policies related to river conservation in Banjarmasin City, and to know the extent to which the culture of religious comprehension and perceptions of the Muslim community in Banjarmasin City can support the river utilization and conservation efforts. This research is a field research, with the people of Banjarmasin city and related agencies as research subjects. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, observation and documentation study. The research analysis technique is descriptive and uses theoretical capital owned by the researcher. Based on the research results, it is known that the river conservation policy has been regulated in various regulations by Government of the Banjarmasin City, and has even become a strategic issue in the spatial planning of Banjarmasin City 2013-2032. This policy received a positive response from the people of Banjarmasin City, but their participation and involvement in the river conservation was still low. In addition, the religious understanding of the Muslim community in Banjarmasin City in the use and conservation of rivers is also still low because their knowledge is not supported by their knowledge of the fiqh concept and rules related to water use and preservation of water sources and environmental conservation.

scholarly journals Visualisasi Rumah Gadang dalam Ekspresi Seni Lukis

Panggung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harissman Harissman ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Big House ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Shape And Size

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this art creation is to transform the values of Rumah Gadang into painting. Rumah Gadang (Big House) is a traditional house of Minangkabau ethnic in West Sumatera Province of Indonesia. Rumah Gadang is built on the pillars made from the wood. It has a high and big hollow on the ground, and its taper roof is a special characteristic that makes it different from other ethnic houses in the areas across the equator. Rumah Gadang has various types and names based on its shape and size, which depend on the community or ethnic group that builds the house. Rumah Gadang Batingkek (a big attic house) accommodates the system of Koto Piliang group, while Gajah Maharam (Incubated Elephants) is an identity of Rumah Gadang of Bodi Caniago community. Both models of the traditional houses above have been known as the identity of a Minangkabau traditional house. Methods used for this artwork are exploration, planning, and implementation of the artwork. Before practising these methods, the data has been explored through library research, empirical research, and field research. Idioms of the traditional houses expressed in the language of painting as an expression of the Painters in communicating their concern of changing the functions and values of Rumah Gadang in Minangkabau society today. By expressing through painting, it is hoped it can give awareness to the people to preserve the traditional values of Rumah Gadang, and also the continuity of appreciation to the house.Keywords: Rumah Gadang, art painting, traditional values, expression of the artABSTRAKPenelitian dalam penciptaan ini bertujuan untuk mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai Rumah Gadang ke dalam karya seni lukis. Rumah gadang merupakan rumah tradisional suku Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat. Rumah Gadang dibangun di atas tiang (panggung), mempunyai kolong yang tinggi, serta atapnya yang lancip, merupakan arsitektur yang khas yang berbeda dengan bangunan suku bangsa lain di daerah garis khatulistiwa. Rumah Gadang mempunyai nama dan jenis yang beraneka ragam menurut bentuk dan ukurannya, sesuai kaum atau suku yang membuatnya. Rumah Gadang Batingkek (rumah besar bertingkat) mengakomodasi sistem kelarasan Koto piliang, yang Rumah Gadangnya beranjuang, Gajah Maharam (gajah mengeram) mengidentitaskan Rumah Gadang kelarasan Bodi Caniago. Kedua model Rumah Gadang tersebut merupakan identitas bangunan etnis Minangkabau. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan eksplorasi, perancangan, dan eksekusi dari perwujudan karya seni. Pada tahap sebelumnya, dilakukan beberapa tahapan, yaitu studi pustaka, studi empirik dan studi lapangan. Dari penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa Idiom-idiom tradisi Rumah Gadang yang diungkapkan dengan bahasa seni lukis merupakan media ekspresi pencipta untuk mengomunikasikan kegelisahannya mengenai perubahan dan pengikisan nilai yang terjadi di Rumah Gadang sesuai perubahan zaman. Dengan media ungkap bahasa visual ini diharapkan dapat memberi penyadaran akan pentingnya nilai tradisi dalam konteks Rumah Gadang, serta terus diapresiasi. Kata kunci: Rumah Gadang, seni lukis, nilai-nilai tradisi, ekspresi seni 

scholarly journals L’optimisation juridique du paiement pour services environnementaux en faveur de la préservation des services environnementaux : le cas du Cameroun et de la République Démocratique du Congo

Afrika Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Blaise-Pascal Ntirumenyerwa Mihigo
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
République Démocratique Du Congo ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Definition Of

The study starts from a hypothesis on the coherence and compatibility of the legal instruments in force in Cameroon and in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with the optimization of payment for environmental services (PES) and the preservation of environmental services. This study has employed a legal approach and interviews in order to investigate whether there is coherence and compatibility or not between the two variables of this hypothesis: (1) the legal instruments in force in Cameroon and in the DRC and (2) the optimization of PBS and the preservation of environmental services. This study consists of three parts. The first part deals with the theoretical framework of PES and the place of PES in the legal order. In this first part, the definition of an optimal PES, the indicators of an optimal PES and the categories of legal frameworks on PES have been revealed. These are the fundamental elements to conduct a systematic analysis in the second and third parts. Based on these fundamental elements, the study analyses the legal instruments from international, regional (Africa) and domestic (Cameroon and the DRC) levels and investigates through field research two PES projects, one in Cameroon called “PES comminatory project” and another in the DRC called “REDD CBFF-Luki” respectively in the second and the third parts. From the analysis of these legal instruments and the investigation of these two PES projects, it has become apparent that there is a lack of coherence and compatibility between the legal instruments and these two PES projects in Cameroon and in the DRC, and the optimization of PES and the preservation of environmental services in the Congo Basin in general, especially in these two States. Useful recommendations have been made to eradicate these shortcomings.

scholarly journals Freedom of the Database

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-56
Author(s):  
Jonathan Anderson ◽  
Sarah K. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Structured Data ◽  
Computerized Records

As government operations at all levels have become increasingly computerized, records of those activities have moved from paper to databases. Yet there has been little empirical research about the public’s ability to access such records in practice. This study uses field research to assess how 44 public universities respond to records requests of varying complexity for structured data. Sampled universities produced responsive structured data without a fee in slightly more than a quarter of requests, meaning the vast majority of requests failed to yield the information sought in a structured format and for free.

scholarly journals A BAIXA INCIDÊNCIA DE PESQUISA EMPÍRICA E A CULTURA MANUALESCA COMO OBSTÁCULOS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO DIREITO

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
José Maria de Morais Borges Neto ◽  
José Eduardo Barroso Colácio ◽  
Fayga Silveira Bedê
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
De Se ◽  
Main Factors

O presente estudo busca compreender as razões pelas quais a pesquisa jurídica no Brasil permanece relativamente infensa à pesquisa empírica. Percebe-se que, em outras matrizes jurídicas, como é o caso dos Estados Unidos, a adoção dos estudos de campo já se encontra muito mais incorporada em seu repertório, tendo em vista o papel central da jurisprudência e o modo como ela reverbera na Academia, em termos de análise do discurso produzido pelas suas cortes. No caso do Brasil, muito embora se reconheça uma série de iniciativas relevantes no sentido de promover a adoção da pesquisa empírica no Direito, de modo geral, ainda se tratam de práticas isoladas, fruto dos esforços envidados por grupos de excelência. Compreende-se que a dificuldade de se imiscuir novas práticas de pesquisa de campo no bojo da pesquisa jurídica brasileira tem causas multifatoriais. Para os limites do presente estudo, reflete-se sobre a hipótese de a cultura manualesca – cujo maior esteio reside em meros argumentos de autoridade – constituir um dos principais fatores de inibição à pesquisa empírica. De acordo com essa hipótese, a ser testada em trabalhos posteriores, a tendência dogmatizante dos manuais tornaria a pesquisa jurídica mais autorreferente e menos permeável aos estudos de campo.Palavras-chave: Pesquisa empírica. Desenvolvimento do Direito. Cultura de Manual. Abstract:The present study seeks to understand the reasons why legal research in Brazil remains relatively unfriendly toward empirical research. In other legal domains, such as the case in the United States, the resource of field studies is already much more incorporated into its repertoire, given the central role of jurisprudence and the way it reverberates in the Academy, in terms of analysis of the discourse produced by their courts. In the case of Brazil, although a series of relevant initiatives are recognized to promote the adoption of empirical research in the Law, in general, they are still isolated practices, the result of the efforts made by groups of excellence. It is understood that the difficulty to introduce new field research practices within the scope of Brazilian legal research has many causes. For the limits of the present study, it is reflected on the hypothesis that the textbook culture, whose main foundation are mere arguments of authority, constitutes one of the main factors of inhibition to the empirical research. According to this hypothesis, to be tested in later works, the dogmatic tendency of textbooks would make legal research more self-referential and less permeable to field studies. Keywords: Empirical research. Development of Law. Textbook Culture

scholarly journals A Systematic Analysis and Synthesis of the Empirical MOOC Literature Published in 2013–2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Veletsianos ◽  
Peter Shepherdson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpretive Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Automated Methods ◽  
Positivist Approach

<p class="Style1">A deluge of empirical research became available on MOOCs in 2013–2015 and this research is available in disparate sources. This paper addresses a number of gaps in the scholarly understanding of MOOCs and presents a comprehensive picture of the literature by examining the geographic distribution, publication outlets, citations, data collection and analysis methods, and research strands of empirical research focusing on MOOCs during this time period. Results demonstrate that (a) more than 80% of this literature is published by individuals whose home institutions are in North America and Europe, (b) a select few papers are widely cited while nearly half of the papers are cited zero times, and (c) researchers have favored a quantitative if not positivist approach to the conduct of MOOC research, preferring the collection of data via surveys and automated methods. While some interpretive research was conducted on MOOCs in this time period, it was often basic and it was the minority of studies that were informed by methods traditionally associated with qualitative research (e.g., interviews, observations, and focus groups). Analysis shows that there is limited research reported on instructor-related topics, and that even though researchers have attempted to identify and classify learners into various groupings, very little research examines the experiences of learner subpopulations.</p>

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