Salmon Farming—An Industrial Research Approach

1976 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Marketing Operation ◽  
The Way

SYNOPSISThis paper describes an industrial research approach to fish farming and illustrates where appropriate how it differs from the research strategy employed by universities and governmental bodies. To illustrate this the Unilever experience of the establishment of salmon farming from a research concept to a production and marketing operation is discussed in detail. Three separate phases in the process of establishing industrial fish farming were undertaken and were entitled ‘Biological, Technological and Commercial’. The research programme involved in each of these phases is described in detail.The salmon farming cycle which was arrived at after the biological phase is described in detail. The technological phase involved the translation of this biological phase into a viable farming operation. This enabled a computerised cost model of the salmon farming process to be built. This identified the six or seven crucial areas which had to be improved if the enterprise was to be profitable—the commercial phase.To demonstrate the way the nature of the research programme has changed during the period 1968–76 a graph is given showing the main discipline involved in each year and how these have changed over that period.

The Impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and relationship marketing on relationship maintainer and customer loyalty by mediating role of customer satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Anam Bhatti ◽  
Sumbal Arif ◽  
Marium Marium ◽  
Sohail Younas
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Impact

CSR has become one of the imperative implements in satisfying customers. The impartial of this research is to calculate CSR, relationship marketing, and customer satisfaction. There is no more study accompanied in Pakistan to quantify the effect of CSR and relationship marketing on the relationship maintainer and customer loyalty. To find out deductive approach and survey method is used as research approach and research strategy respectively. This research design is descriptive and quantitative study. For data, collection questionnaire method with semantic differential scale and seven point scales are adopted. Data has been collected by adopting the non-probability convenience technique as sampling technique and the sample size is 400. For factor confirmatory factor analysis, structure equation modeling and medication analysis, regression analysis Amos software were used. Strong empirical evidence supports that the customer’s perception of CSR performance is highly influenced by the values

Biological Warfare: Salmon Farming, Angling Tourism and the Sea Trout Dispute in the West of Ireland, 1989–1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Phyne
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
West Of Ireland

After the 1989 sea trout collapse in the west of Ireland, the angling community (which includes private fishery owners) attributed the collapse to coastal salmon farms, but the salmon farming community linked the sea trout collapse to environmental factors. The contending parties raised issues which are assessed here through the literature on environmental protests and the sociology of science. This paper then provides an analysis of the sea trout dispute as a conflict between angling interests and fish farming interests over the legitimate use of aquatic resources in rural Ireland. By drawing upon interview data, and government and industry publications, it will show that the dynamics of the sea trout conflict delineates the sociocultural context of science in the disputing process, as well as the nature of social change in rural Ireland.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Yudhie Suchyadi ◽  
Yulia Ambarsari ◽  
Elly Sukmanasa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
The Way

Differences in the characteritics of children with special needs will require the ability of teachers to combine various abilities and talents of each child, such as mentally retarded children who need communication like children in general. His developmental delays are often excluded from his playing enviranment, thus the need for good social interaction with mentally retarded children. Based on these problems, a study was conducted to describe the findings of social interaction in mentally retarded children in extraordinary school Mentari Kita. The research is a descriptive analysis with qualitative research approach. Technique of data analysis was performed with data reduction stage, the presentation of data, and verification (conclusions). Researchers used the test of credibility, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, and konfirmabilitas to obtain the validity of the data. The result showed that the way social interaction with mental retardation children how do social contacts and communication as being able to respond when invited to communicate but it should be repeated over and over,the subject has a weakness in the concentration of so when invited to talk hard staring at your opponents interlocutor. When did the subject communication using language that sounds stilted. Social contact subject well againts his peers is characterized by sensitivity to her friends when in distress, want to help his friend like get a pencil, and divide the food per day taken by subject. Based on the above research result it can be concluded that the way the social interactions of the child with mental retardation how do social contacts and communication in accordance with the terms of the occurrence of social interaction. Keywords: Social Interaction, Mental Retardation

Agent-Based Modeling for Simulation of Complex Business Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 1852-1861
Author(s):  
Christopher Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Instrument Validation ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Advance Knowledge

This article aims to provide a synopsis of agent-based modeling and how to adapt an agent-based research strategy for the scientific study of complex business systems. Agent-based systems have been a popular field of study in computer science for some time. While computer science-related research has been focused on the artifact itself, such as computational languages and algorithms, research in the management sciences is explicitly focused on business problems. Research in Information Systems (IS) has begun to advance knowledge in the use of agent-based systems as a means to seek different, computational explanations for business phenomena that have eluded scientific inquiry reliant on traditional—specifically, law and axiomatic—explanation (Kimbrough, 2003). The focus on business problems requires a different research approach than what is successful in computer science. Key modifications include first, the explicit articulation of benefits specific to the management sciences, and second, instrument validation.

‘O’ofaki: a health promotion and community development concept to bring Pasifika people together

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malakai Ofanoa ◽  
Janine Paynter ◽  
Stephen Buetow
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
The Way

Abstract Stable, healthy families are the loto or heart of strong Pacific communities. This paper addresses the problem of a decline in the strength of Pacific families. It introduces and discusses the Tongan concept of O’ofaki, as the way in which shared, core relational commitments can bring Pasifika peoples together to support one another for health and community development. This process is based on a reciprocal sharing of social capital to promote cultural solidarity and social justice. We describe two studies by the lead author, through which the concept of O’ofaki emerged. The first study utilized an action research model while the second study focused on two Pasifika-centric research approaches: talanga, which is a Tongan word for interactive talking for a purpose, and the kakala (Tongan garland) research approach. The latter approach is incorporated within a general inductive methodology as well as luva—the dissemination of the results. Finally, the paper focuses on the components of O’ofaki and its application to Pasifika communities.

Design effectiveness of academic library web sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasola P. Abifarin ◽  
Shaka Apodoghe Imavah ◽  
Ayodele S. Olobashola
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Design Effectiveness ◽  
Library Websites

Purpose Academic library websites need evaluation to determine whether users can derive useful experiences while visiting them to perform tasks. This is more so because visiting an academic library website is by voluntary action rather than compulsion as is the case with university, polytechnic and college sites where students must conduct academic transactions that cannot be reasonably avoided. The result of such an evaluation provides signposts for improvement so that academic library websites can continue to be useful to their users. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess the structural effectiveness of academic library websites in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The case study, research strategy and survey research approach were adopted for the study. Through a Web search, 14 universities, one polytechnic and one college of education were identified while three academic library websites were selected for the study. The evaluation of the websites was un-moderated and conducted remotely by user participants who were recruited across the three tertiary institutions under study. A five-point scale questionnaire served as the research instrument while data were presented in tables and analyzed using the median score. The Kruskall–Wallis test by ranks was used to test the null hypothesis at a five per cent level of significance. Findings Out of the 20 items presented for assessment, Group 1 and 2 disagreed to 11 (55 per cent) while agreeing on the remaining 9 (45 per cent) on Lib 1 and Lib 2 websites. Group 3 agreed to 11 (55 per cent) while disagreeing on 9 (45 per cent) on the Lib 3 website. The null hypothesis proposed for the study was rejected as the p-value of 0.04 was significant at p < 0.05. This indicated that most of the critical issues pertaining to design effectiveness were perceived to be ineffective. Originality/value The findings from this study call for a review of the design of academic library websites in Nigeria so that users can identify which websites are easier to use.

scholarly journals What Is the Way Forward for IASB’s Research Programme under the Evidence-Supported Approach? Some Analyses and Comments Based on the 2015 Agenda Consultation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Birt ◽  
Niclas Hellman ◽  
Ann Jorissen ◽  
Stephani Mason ◽  
Mari Paananen
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
The Way

What Can U.S. Open Ocean Aquaculture Learn From Salmon Farming?

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Forster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Open Ocean Aquaculture ◽  
Future Growth

AbstractGlobal production of farmed salmon and trout in saltwater was 1.82 million metric tons in 2007, three times more than any other farmed marine fish category. Development of this industry teaches that, for fish farming to succeed, containment systems must be easily deployed and operated and governments must create space in their coastal waters where farms can be located. Neither of these circumstances exists presently in the United States and, until this changes, other lessons that salmon farming teaches can only provide research or policy guidance. These include the importance of selecting a good fish to farm and making them “affordable” by being efficient. Salmon farmers achieved the latter through mechanization, industry scale, and a focus on good fish health and performance.Salmon farming also teaches that various plant and animal ingredients can be used in salmon feed and that its future growth will not be limited because salmon is a carnivore, as some have suggested. In fact, carnivorous fish, such as salmon, may turn out to be some of the most ecologically efficient species to farm. It is noteworthy, too, that it took 40 years to establish an industry with the capacity to produce 1.82 million metric tons of fish per year while the United States imported 2.36 million metric tons of seafood in 2008, 83% of its needs, much of it from foreign farms. If future international competition for these same supplies leads to national seafood shortages, it will be hard to replace it quickly with products from domestic aquaculture.

Metallurgy in Space

2006 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David John Jarvis ◽  
O. Minster
Keyword(s):  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Liquid Alloys ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Microgravity Research ◽  
Solidification Processes ◽  
Columnar To Equiaxed Transition

Over the past five years, an application-oriented research strategy has been initiated by ESA to permit valuable microgravity research in a broad range of physical sciences. The main objective is to integrate ESA, national activities and industry into an overall European strategy, which will allow research to be performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS), as well as other microgravity platforms, like unmanned space capsules, sounding rockets and parabolic flights. A key area of microgravity research is centred on metallurgy in space. The principal aims of this research field are (i) to investigate various physical phenomena during solidification processes and (ii) to determine the thermophysical properties of important liquid alloys. A number of metallurgical sub-topics have been identified in the ESA research programme, including the columnar-to-equiaxed transition during solidification; metastable and non-equilibrium solidification; multiphase multicomponent alloy solidification; eutectic, peritectic, monotectic and intermetallic alloy growth; fluid flow effects on mushy zone formation; and the measurement of thermophysical properties of liquid alloys. This review paper will therefore highlight the theoretical, experimental and modelling efforts currently being undertaken in the ESA programme.

scholarly journals Relationships between the frequency of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in wild salmon populations and fish farming activity in Norway, 1989–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peder Fiske ◽  
Roar A. Lund ◽  
Lars P. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
County Level ◽  
Salmon Farming ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
Catch Statistics ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Norway, there have been restrictions on salmon farming in several fjords to reduce the potential negative impact on important stocks of wild Atlantic salmon. Little is known about the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in fisheries and broodstocks relative to the extent of fish farming in nearby areas. In this study, we analysed data on the incidence of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in angling catches and broodstock fisheries in rivers for a 16-year period (1989–2004). These data were weighted using official catch statistics and combined at the county level, and the incidence of escapees was correlated with both the stock of farmed salmon in net pens and the reported number of escapees in different Norwegian counties. Our results indicate a significant positive correlation between the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in the rivers at the county level and the intensity of salmon farming, measured as the number of farmed salmon in net pens, suggesting that protection areas may reduce the impact of escapees in salmon populations nearby.

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