An analysis of the variation between dairy-sire progeny-groups for milk yield and fat content

1958 ◽  
Vol 1958 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Robertson ◽  
S. S. Khishin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
The Relationship

The past few years have seen the development in Great Britain of the ‘contemporary comparison’ method for evaluating progeny tests of dairy sires (Macarthur, 1954; Robertson, Stewart and Ashton 1956). The final overall figure attached to a sire is the mean difference between the yield of his daughters and that of other heifers milking in the same herd in the same year, with due regard for the numbers of animals in the two groups. Although it has some imperfections in special cases, this is probably the most informative simple method of evaluating a sire for yield and, fortunately, one which could be easily integrated with the existing recording system. The method has been turned into a simple routine in the Bureau of Records of the Milk Marketing Board and several thousand bulls have now been evaluated. In this paper, we shall be mostly concerned to use this material to investigate the heritabilities of milk yield and fat content and the relationship between the two in the different breeds. The information that we shall use consists, for each bull, of the mean contemporary comparison, with its effective ‘weight’, and the average fat percentage of the daughters. Before we deal with the observed results, we should go into rather more detail into the nature of these two figures and into the factors affecting them.

116. Factors affecting Milk and Butterfat Secretion. II. The Colour of the Butterfat

1935 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O. Whetham ◽  
John Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Genetic Character ◽  
Colour Scale ◽  
The Mean

1. The colours of the butter for individual cows at the London Dairy Show have been measured on a colour scale of yellow shades on cellulose strips, and the results analysed statistically.2. The mean values and variability curves of the ranges of butter colour in the different breeds of dairy cattle are given. Circumstances which may affect these values are indicated.3. The two most important factors affecting butter colour are the genetic character of the cow and the method of feeding.4. A slight increase in the shade of colour was found to occur under most of the various conditions which give rise to increased milk yield. It is suggested that this may be due to the greater intake of colouring matter (associated with the greater food intake) in proportion to butterfat produced, since increase in yield is usually associated with decrease in fat percentage.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of the Senior Management’s Support on the Relationship between Factors Affecting and Employees’ Performance in the Al-Zawiya University of Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nasreddin Ramadhan Dukhan ◽  
Norhisham Mohamad ◽  
Asbi B Ali
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Performance

This study aims to test the influence of the senior management’s support as a moderating variable on the relationship between the independent factors (Training, Empowerment, Motivation and Communication) and the dependent variable (Performance of Employees). (SEM-AMOS) is used to test the impact of the moderating variable. Where it is depended on the method of sampling or analysis of what is known as multiple-groups analysis. The paragraphs of the senior management’s support variable are collected and divided into two groups according to the mean of the total paragraphs. In addition, according to the relative weights given to the paragraphs of the questionnaire, using a five- point’s Likert scale: 1= strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The first group consisted of the grades less than the mean and it is considered as the group which is non-supporters of the existence of support. While the second group consisted of the grades higher than the mean and considered as the group which is a supporter of the existence of support. The study found that the model of study in the presence of the support of the senior management’s is appropriate for the second group and inappropriate in light of the lack of support by the senior management’s support for the first group.

QUALITY EVALUATION OF YOGURT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN ONTARIO

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Duttschaever ◽  
D. R. Arnott ◽  
D. H. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Mean

Analyses for fat, total solids, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, and net weight were conducted on 152 yogurts of which 15 were unflavored. These yogurts were produced by 13 different manufacturers and sold in Ontario. The fat content of all samples varied from 0.9 to 3.6% with a mean of 1.98%. For the plain yogurt, the mean fat percentage was 2.46%. The SNF content of all samples ranged from 10.0 to 28.9% with a mean of 18.96%. For the plain yogurt, the mean SNF percentage was 13.40. The pH values for all samples varied from 3.27 to 4.53. The mean overweight for all samples was 7.2% with as much as 15% for one manufacturer.

scholarly journals Investigation of Non-Genetics Factors Affecting Milk-Fat Content and Milk-Fat Percentage Curves' Parameters In Azeri and Khuzestani Buffalo Breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Karim Hasanpur ◽  
Seyad Abbas Rafat ◽  
Arash Javanmard ◽  
Davood Kianzad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Factors Affecting

The relationship between thyroid hormone and lipid metabolism/body fat content in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Sun ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
Rongzhen Wu ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Yinhui He
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visceral Fat Content

Abstract Background: This study compared the relationship between thyroid hormones and lipid metabolism/body fat content in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. Methods: A total of 64 male patients who were diagnosed as T2DM and 64 non-diabetic males who underwent health examination were matched according to age at a 1:1 ratio. Results: The 32 subjects in each sub-group showed differences in age, body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure, waist circumference, visceral fat content, body fat percentage, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, FT3, TSH, HDL-c, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and TNF-α (all P < 0.05). In the overall population, FT3 was positively correlated with body fat percentage (r=0.21, P=0.02), and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=-0.18, P=0.04) and visfatin (r=-0.47, P <0.01); TSH was positively correlated with body fat percentage (r=0.23, P=0.01). In the T2DM-OB group FT3 was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.45, P <0.05), visceral fat content (r=0.50, P <0.05), and body fat percentage (r=0.44, P <0.05); FT4 was positively correlated with visceral fat content (r=0.38, P <0.05); and TSH was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.39, P <0.05). Conclusion: TSH increased in obese people and FT3 was lower in patients with T2DM.

Evaluation of extent and amount of heterogeneous variance for milk yield in Uruguayan Holsteins

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Urioste ◽  
D. Gianola ◽  
R. Rekaya ◽  
W. F. Fikse ◽  
K. A. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Contemporary Group ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Log Linear

AbstractThe extent and amount of heterogeneous phenotypic variance for milk yield in the Uruguayan Holstein population were evaluated and a simple method of accounting for heterogeneity was developed. Lactation records (159 169) collected between 1989 and 1998 by two recording schemes were used to form 8955 herd-year-season-parity-lactation length contemporary groups. A log-linear model was used to identify factors affecting heterogeneity of phenotypic variance. The model included effects of production level, contemporary group size, recording scheme, herd, season of calving, parity number, calving year period and length of lactation and accounted for 50% of the variation in log variances. Estimates from this model were used in a Bayesian manner, to obtain posterior mean estimates of within-contemporary-group variances, which were then used to standardize records to a baseline variance. Effects of the adjustment were assessed by comparing coefficients of variation before and after correction, by correlation and regression between mean and standard deviations, and by using Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves. The adjustment procedure reduced heteroscedasticity primarily by decreasing the frequency of low-variance contemporary groups. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients indicated that the largest impact of the standardization procedure was related to the size of the contemporary group. Some differences in the effect of the correction were found between recording schemes. The method for adjusting records is simple and easy to adapt to current genetic evaluation procedures.

556. The use of seaweed meals in concentrate mixtures for dairy cows

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. A. Burt ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
S. J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Basal Ration

The relative effects upon milk yield and composition of three concentrate mixtures containing 10% of two types of seaweed meal (Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria cloustoni) and an oatfeed-salt mixture, have been observed.Each cow received daily a basal ration of 30 lb. marrowstem kale and 18 lb. hay for maintenance and the first 1½ gal. of milk and 31½ lb. concentrates for each gallon thereafter.No significant effects of treatment upon milk yield or fat percentage were observed.The milk produced on the oatfeed-salt mixture had a slightly but significantly higher solids-not-fat content than that on the mixtures containing seaweed meals.The results showed that seaweed meals have a nutritive value no greater than that of a mixture of 7 parts oatfeed and 1 part salt, which had an estimated starch equivalent of only 39.In view of the relatively high cost, low palatability and low nutritive value of seaweed meals, their possible use in the feeding of dairy cows appears very limited.

Some factors affecting milk yield

1923 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hammond ◽  
H. G. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

(1) The variation of the total yields according to the month of calving is given, and causes for this variation are suggested from the mean lactation curves of cows calving in each month.(2) A curve showing the effect of pregnancy on the lactation yield has been prepared and corrections are given for different lengths of service periods after calving—“100 days” being chosen as a standard, as that was found to be the average of all service periods obtained, and as it gives a calf at about the same time in the following year.(3) The variation in yield as the cow gets older has been studied and corrections are given. The maximum yield appears to be reached at the fifth calf; it was found that service periods varied in a definite way with age.(4) The effect of the dry period before calving on the subsequent yield is shown; “85 days” has been taken as a standard and corrections given accordingly; the standard was the mean of all dry periods obtained, but is probably above the average throughout the country.(5) By applying these corrections, the variation of individual totals is reduced by approximately 20 per cent, and the number of lactations showing less than 5 per cent, variation is increased by 27·3 per cent.(6) A brief review of other literature on the subject is given, and the results obtained in this paper are compared with those of other investigators.The thanks of the authors are due to the members of the Penrith Milk Recording Society for the loan of their registers, which made this investigation possible, and to Mr Garnet, the Live Stock Officer of the district, and the Live Stock Branch, of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries for the collection of the data; the authors are also greatly indebted to Mr G. Udny Yule, M.A., F.R.S., for much assistance in the purely statistical part of the work, and to Dr F. H. A. Marshall, F.R.S., for his advice during the course of the investigation.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, height, and gender with +Gz tolerance among healthy Indian participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
S Kasture ◽  
M Sharma ◽  
MS Nataraja
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Aircrew are repetitively exposed to positive Gz acceleration in fighter flying. Factors affecting +Gz tolerance vary among individuals and are determined by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Some of the non-modifiable factors influencing +Gz tolerance are age, gender, and height. The present study was undertaken to understand the relationship of these variables with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Material and Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of existing database of the high-performance human centrifuge at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine. Relevant data from 70 non-aircrew subjects were included for the study. Of these, 39 were male and 31 were female. The age and height varied from 27 to 38 years and 157 to 187 cm, respectively. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel® to find the correlation between age and height with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Relaxed +Gz tolerance of men and women was compared using unpaired t-test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age, height, and relaxed +Gz tolerance of males were found to be 30.25 ± 4.3 years, 172.58 ± 6.5 cm, and 4.89 ± 0.67G, respectively, whereas those of females were 27.28 ± 3.36 years, 158.46 ± 6.78 cm, and 4.4 ± 0.85G, respectively. In both males and females, age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance. However, the relaxed +Gz tolerance was found to be higher in males and this difference was statistically different (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance in both males and females nonaircrew subjects. Males exhibited a statistically significant, higher relaxed +Gz tolerance as compared to females.

scholarly journals A study of acoustic characteristics of voluntary expiratory sounds produced before and immediately after swallowing

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoma Hattori ◽  
Shinji Nozue ◽  
Yoshiaki Ihara ◽  
Koji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Window Length ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Waveform ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTo evaluate the expiratory sounds produced during swallowing recorded simultaneously with videofluorographic examination of swallowing (VF) using fast Fourier transform (FFT), and to examine the relationship between dysphagia and its acoustic characteristics. A total of 348 samples of expiratory sounds were collected from 61 patients with dysphagia whose expiratory sounds were recorded during VF. The VF results were evaluated by one dentist and categorized into three groups: safe group (SG), penetration group (PG), and aspiration group (AG). The duration and maximum amplitude of expiratory sounds produced were measured as the domain characteristics on the time waveform of these sounds and compared among the groups. Time window-length appropriate for FFT and acoustic discriminate values (AD values) of SG, PG, and AG were also investigated. The groups were analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffé's multiple comparison method. The maximum amplitude of SG was significantly smaller than those of PG and AG. The mean duration in SG (2.05 s) was significantly longer than those in PG (0.84 s) and AG (0.96 s). The AD value in SG was significantly lower than those in PG and AG. AD value detects penetration or aspiration, and can be useful in screening for dysphagia.

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