Raman imaging in the real world

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Michael D. Morris ◽  
Kenneth A. Christensen ◽  
Nancy L. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Phosphate Species ◽  
Processing Techniques

Recent technological advances including high spectral resolution liquid-crystal tunable filters and high-transmission well-corrected imaging spectrographs have made Raman microscopy a practical technique for study of real-world chemical systems. With modem multivariate signal processing techniques, such as image reconstruction and principal components analysis (PCA) detailed information can be obtained from sets of relatively noisy images or spectra. In this talk we discuss techniques and results in two areas of materials chemistry: crystallization and freeze-drying mechanisms of alkali phosphates and strengthening mechanisms of glasses employed in dental restoration.We employ Raman microspectroscopy to elucidate the structure of aqueous phosphates in solutions ranging in concentration from dilute to supersaturated. PCA of the concentration-dependent spectra of dihydrogen phosphate solutions unambiguously demonstrates the presence of at least three species, monomer, dimer and trimer or short polymer (Figure 1). PCA resolves long-standing disputes over the number and relative concentration of dihydrogen phosphate species PCA can to identify the spectrally unresolved solution species near the surface of a growing dihydrogen phosphate crystal.

scholarly journals Lightweight and Efficient Image Dehazing Network Guided by Transmission Estimation from Real-World Hazy Scenes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Zhan Li ◽  
Jianhang Zhang ◽  
Ruibin Zhong ◽  
Bir Bhanu ◽  
Yuling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Image Dehazing ◽  
Depth Data ◽  
Network Training ◽  
Dark Channel ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Transmission Estimation

In this paper, a transmission-guided lightweight neural network called TGL-Net is proposed for efficient image dehazing. Unlike most current dehazing methods that produce simulated transmission maps from depth data and haze-free images, in the proposed work, guided transmission maps are computed automatically using a filter-refined dark-channel-prior (F-DCP) method from real-world hazy images as a regularizer, which facilitates network training not only on synthetic data, but also on natural images. A double-error loss function that combines the errors of a transmission map with the errors of a dehazed image is used to guide network training. The method provides a feasible solution for introducing priors obtained from traditional non-learning-based image processing techniques as a guide for training deep neural networks. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that, in terms of several reference and non-reference evaluation criteria for real-world images, the proposed method can achieve state-of-the-art performance with a much smaller network size and with significant improvements in efficiency resulting from the training guidance.

scholarly journals Measuring anion binding at biomembrane interfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Patrick Wang ◽  
William Lewis ◽  
Yun-Bao Jiang ◽  
Philip Alan Gale
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Anion Recognition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Anion Binding ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Synthetic Receptor ◽  
Chemistry Research

Understanding non-covalent molecular recognition events at biomembrane interfaces is important in biological, medicinal, and materials chemistry research.1 Despite the crucial regulatory roles of anion binding/transport processes at biomembranes, no information is available regarding how strongly anions can bind to naturally occurring or synthetic receptors in lipid bilayer environments compared to their well-established behaviour in solutions.2 To bridge this knowledge gap, we synthesised a flat macrocycle that possesses a record aqueous SO42– affinity among neutral receptors and exploited its unique fluorescence response at interfaces. We show that the determinants of anion binding are extraordinarily different in organic solvents and in lipid bilayers. The high charge density of dihydrogen phosphate and chloride ions prevails in DMSO, however in lipids they fail to bind the macrocycle. Perchlorate and iodide hardly bind in DMSO but show significant affinities for the macrocycle in lipids. Our results demonstrate a surprisingly great advantage of large, charge-diffuse anions to bind to a lipid-embedded synthetic receptor mainly attributed to their higher polarisabilities and deeper penetration into the bilayer, beyond the common knowledge of dehydration energy-governed selectivity. The elucidation of these principles enhances our understanding of biological anion recognition functions in membranes and guides the design of ionophores and molecular machines operating at biomembrane interfaces.

Augmented Reality

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Erkan Özdemir ◽  
Serkan Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Application Fields

Technological advances have had an impact on many industries as well as the tourism industry. Augmented reality applications, one of the emerging new technologies in recent years, have also started to be used in our daily lives. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that allows its users to see the real world together with an additional virtual world that is added in real time to the same field of view. The augmented reality applications contribute to the enrichment of tourists' tourism experiences, especially during their visit and result in augmented satisfaction levels. Furthermore, it is one of the effective tools that can be used against the wear and tear of cultural heritage sites caused by overcrowding. In this chapter, the application fields of the augmented reality in the field of tourism have been discussed under the subtitles. As a result of our study, recommendations for the development of AR applications both for the literature and real-life application have been presented.

Detection, identification and mapping of cyanobacteria — Using remote sensing to measure the optical quality of turbid inland waters

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
DLB Jupp ◽  
JTO Kirk ◽  
GP Harris
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager

The advantages of airborne scanning for the detection, identification and mapping of algal species, cyanobacteria and associated water parameters (such as turbidity) can be realized if current research outcomes are developed into operational methods based on images with high spectral resolution. Evidence for this has become available through data obtained recently in Australia from the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager. This paper shows how pigments associated with cyanobacteria are detectable, even in the very turbid waters typical of eastern Australia. It demonstrates how, if the waterbodies and their constituents can be characterized by a programme of field and laboratory measurement, current processing techniques and models allow the concentrations of different constituents (algae and particles) in the photic zone to be estimated and mapped. The challenge for operational remote sensing of optical water quality in Australia (and throughout the world) is seen to have two components. One is to provide an effective characterization of the target inland and adjacent coastal waters and the other is to streamline the data analysis to provide maps of water properties in the time and cost frameworks required for operational use.

scholarly journals An Efficient Method to Learn Overcomplete Multi-Scale Dictionaries of ECG Signals

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Luengo ◽  
David Meltzer ◽  
Tom Trigano
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Real World ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
St Segments ◽  
Processing Techniques

The electrocardiogram (ECG) was the first biomedical signal for which digital signal processing techniques were extensively applied. By its own nature, the ECG is typically a sparse signal, composed of regular activations (QRS complexes and other waveforms, such as the P and T waves) and periods of inactivity (corresponding to isoelectric intervals, such as the PQ or ST segments), plus noise and interferences. In this work, we describe an efficient method to construct an overcomplete and multi-scale dictionary for sparse ECG representation using waveforms recorded from real-world patients. Unlike most existing methods (which require multiple alternative iterations of the dictionary learning and sparse representation stages), the proposed approach learns the dictionary first, and then applies a fast sparse inference algorithm to model the signal using the constructed dictionary. As a result, our method is much more efficient from a computational point of view than other existing algorithms, thus becoming amenable to dealing with long recordings from multiple patients. Regarding the dictionary construction, we located first all the QRS complexes in the training database, then we computed a single average waveform per patient, and finally we selected the most representative waveforms (using a correlation-based approach) as the basic atoms that were resampled to construct the multi-scale dictionary. Simulations on real-world records from Physionet’s PTB database show the good performance of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Mapeamento das Formas de Uso e Cobertura da Terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mulato, Estado do Piauí / Mapping of Shapes of Use and Coverage of the Land in the Mulato River Basin, State of Piaui

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Karoline Veloso Ribeiro ◽  
Emanuel Lindemberg Silva Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Bodies Of Water

<p>Os avanços tecnológicos ocorridos nos últimos anos têm contribuído de forma relevante para potencializar os estudos geoespaciais, dando ênfase as abordagens a respeito do uso e cobertura da terra. Nesse sentido, o trabalho em epígrafe objetivou avaliar as condições de uso e cobertura da terra na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Mulato, Estado do Piauí, na perspectiva de subsidiar as ações de planejamento territorial. A mencionada bacia hidrográfica encontra-se inserida no grupo das bacias difusas do Médio Parnaíba, englobando uma área de aproximadamente 1.050 km². Os procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos pautaram-se no levantamento bibliográfico e cartográfico do setor espacial em análise, sendo que os produtos geocartográficos foram validados em trabalhos de campo. O mapeamento e processamento dos dados matriciais e vetoriais foram realizados em software de geoprocessamento, a partir das técnicas de processamento digital de imagens, utilizando a classificação supervisionada (pixel a pixel) pelo Método da Máxima Verossimilhança. Dessa forma, foi possível mapear as seguintes classes, a saber: i) Área antrópica não-agrícola (áreas urbanizadas); ii) Área antrópica agrícola (culturas permanentes, culturas temporárias e pastagem); iii) Área de vegetação natural (área florestal e área campestre) e; iv) Corpos d’água. O produto cartográfico gerado visa contribuir, do ponto de vista espacial, com medidas pautadas para um melhor planejamento territorial da bacia hidrográfica em destaque.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> geotecnologias, recursos hídricos, uso da terra.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The technological advances that have occurred in the last years have contributed in a relevant way to potentiate the geospatial studies, emphasizing the approaches to the use and land cover. The objective of this work was to evaluate the conditions of use and land cover in the Mulato River basin, in the state of Piaui, in order to subsidize territorial planning actions. The mentioned basin is inserted in the group of the diffuse basins of the Parnaíba Middle, encompassing an area of approximately 1050 km². The theoretical and methodological procedures were based on the bibliographical and cartographic survey of the sector under analysis, and the geocartographic products were validated in field work. The mapping and processing of matrix and vector data were performed in geoprocessing software using digital image processing techniques using the supervised classification (pixel by pixel) by the Maximum Likelihood Method. In this way, it was possible to map the following classes, namely: i) Non-agricultural anthropic area (urbanized areas); ii) Agricultural anthropic area (permanent crops, temporary crops and pasture); iii) Area of natural vegetation (forest area and countryside) and; iv) Bodies of water. The cartographic product generated aims to contribute, from the spatial point of view, with measures aimed at a better territorial planning of the hydrographic basin in focus.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: geotechnologies, water resources, land use.</p>

scholarly journals “Ok Google, já chega”: privacidade e reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares | “Ok Google, that’s enough”: privacy and ceaseless speech recognition in mobile phones

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Said Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
Evolution Of Speech ◽  
History Of ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Society Of Control

RESUMO Este artigo discute as implicações para privacidade da tecnologia de reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares. Apresenta um breve histórico da evolução das tecnologias de reconhecimento de fala, indicando sua proximidade com os setores militar e de inteligência, e o paralelismo entre os avanços nas técnicas de processamento e no hardware computacional. Examina avanços tecnológicos da Google que conduziram à implementação do reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares; identifica algumas violações de privacidade possibilitadas por isso, e conclui relacionando-as a tipologias de privacidade, e à noção de sociedade de controle.Palavras-chave: Reconhecimento de Fala; Dispositivos Móveis; Google; Privacidade; Sociedade de Controle.ABSTRACT This paper discusses the privacy implications of ceaseless speech recognition technology in mobile phones. It presents a brief history of the evolution of speech recognition technologies, indicating its proximity to the US military and intelligence sectors, and the parallelism between the advances in processing techniques and computer hardware. It examines technological advances by Google that led to the implementation of ceaseless speech recognition in mobiles; identifies some privacy violations made possible by this, and concludes relating them to privacy typologies, and to the notion of control society.Keywords: Speech Recognition; Mobile Devices; Google; Privacy; Society of Control.

scholarly journals Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Using Smart Company and Hotel Aspect Review Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
C. Selvi ◽  
Niveda. C. P
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Information Navigation ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Online Feedback

Digital sources such as smart applications opinions and online feedback statistics are crucial resources to be seeking for customers’ remarks and input. However, the reviews are often disorganized, leading to difficulties in information navigation and knowledge acquisition. The aforementioned problem is overcome by generating aspect-sentiment based embedding for the hotels and companies by looking into reliable reviews of them. The important product aspects are identified based on two observations: 1) the important aspects are usually commented on by a large number of consumers and 2) consumer opinions on the important aspects greatly influence their overall opinions. Aspect frequency and the influence of consumer opinions given to each aspect over their overall opinions are identified for hotel reviews whereas for company reviews approach adopts language processing techniques, policies, and lexicons to address several sentiment evaluation challenges, and convey summarized results. Moreover, aspect ranking achieve significant performance improvements, which demonstrate the capacity of aspect ranking in facilitating real-world applications.

scholarly journals A Novel Adversarial Based Hyperspectral and Multispectral Image Fusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xukun Luo ◽  
Jihao Yin ◽  
Xiaoyan Luo ◽  
Xiuping Jia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Real World ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Multispectral Image ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Spatial Quality ◽  
Band Image

In order to reconstruct a high spatial and high spectral resolution image (H2SI), one of the most common methods is to fuse a hyperspectral image (HSI) with a corresponding multispectral image (MSI). To effectively obtain both the spectral correlation of bands in HSI and the spatial correlation of pixels in MSI, this paper proposes an adversarial selection fusion (ASF) method for the HSI–MSI fusion problem. Firstly, the unmixing based fusion (UF) method is adopted to dig out the spatial correlation in MSI. Then, to acquire the spectral correlation in HSI, a band reconstruction-based fusion (BRF) method is proposed, regarding H2SI as the product of the optimized band image dictionary and reconstruction coefficients. Finally, spectral spatial quality (SSQ) index is designed to guide the adversarial selection process of UF and BRF. Experimental results on four real-world images demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieves smaller errors and better reconstruction results than other comparison methods.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral Imaging Retrieval Using MODIS Satellite Sensors Applied to Volcanic Ash Clouds Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Arias ◽  
Jose Cifuentes ◽  
Milton Marín ◽  
Fernando Castillo ◽  
Hugo Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Basis Vectors

In this paper, we present a method for hyperspectral retrieval using multispectral satellite images. The method consists of the use of training spectral data with a compressive capability. By using principal component analysis (PCA), a proper number of basis vectors are extracted. These vectors are properly combined and weighted by the sensors’ responses from visible MODIS channels, achieving as a result the retrieval of hyperspectral images. Once MODIS channels are used for hyperspectral retrieval, the training spectra are projected over the recovered data, and the ground-based process used for training can be reliably detected. To probe the method, we use only four visible images from MODIS for large-scale ash clouds’ monitoring from volcanic eruptions. A high-spectral resolution data of reflectances from ash was measured in the laboratory. Using PCA, we select four basis vectors, which combined with MODIS sensors responses, allows estimating hyperspectral images. By comparing both the estimated hyperspectral images and the training spectra, it is feasible to identify the presence of ash clouds at a pixel-by-pixel level, even in the presence of water clouds. Finally, by using a radiometric model applied over hyperspectral retrieved data, the relative concentration of the volcanic ash in the cloud is obtained. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the classical method based on temperature differences (using infrared MODIS channels), and the results show an excellent match, outperforming the infrared-based approach. This proposal opens new avenues to increase the potential of multispectral remote systems, which can be even extended to other applications and spectral bands for remote sensing. The results show that the method could play an essential role by providing more accurate information of volcanic ash spatial dispersion, enabling one to prevent several hazards related to volcanic ash where volcanoes’ monitoring is not feasible.

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