A “Manifest Violation” of the Rights of Englishmen: Rights Talk and the Law of Property in Early Eighteenth-Century Jamaica

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Negro Woman ◽  
Early American ◽  
Plantation Economy ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come

In 1706, Jamaica's provost marshal received a writ of escheat from the island's Supreme Court of Judicature. The writ directed him to empanel a jury of “Twelve and Lawful Men of the Neighbourhood” who would determine whether the slaves of James Whitchurch, a Jamaican merchant, should be escheated—returned—to the Crown. Did the “Negro Woman Slave Commonly Called Catalina” and her “Seaven Pickaninny” belong to Whitchurch, or could Queen Anne claim her prerogative right to an escheat because the previous owner of the slaves, Charles Delamaine, had died without an heir? The jury found in the Crown's favor, but a dissatisfied Whitchurch petitioned Queen Anne for relief, asking her to return the slaves and quiet his title. Whitchurch's petition, the first Jamaican escheat case to come before the Queen, sparked a transatlantic legal controversy as colonists, Assembly members, and imperial officials weighed the Crown's prerogative right to escheats against local political grievances and the Board of Trade's desire to encourage West Indian settlement and trade. This seemingly mundane conflict over property law quickly acquired constitutional significance, generating the kind of rights talk so familiar to early American historians: Jamaican colonists claimed the rights of Englishmen, and the Jamaican Assembly asserted an institutional capacity akin to Parliament. In this article, I contextualize colonists' rights talk, rooting their claims to English rights in concerns about the administration of property law during a crucial liminal moment in Jamaican history. As the colony transitioned from a small-scale to a large-scale plantation economy and from a society with slaves to a slave society, property and the law that governed it became the focus of intense political conflict.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЛІКАРСЬКИМИ ЗАСОБАМИ В РОКИ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ УКРАЇНИ -СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО РИНКУ

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Boryshchuk ◽  
O. S. Solovyov ◽  
T. M. Krasnianska ◽  
I. V. Klymenko ◽  
S. V. Auhunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Activity ◽  
The Law ◽  
Methods Analytical

<p>The aim of the research was to study the correspondence of existing legislative and regulatory requirements of the pharmaceutical industry development, the analysis of the formation of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market, the condition of drug assistance according to European requirements and recommendations of the WHO.</p><p>For the study archival materials, publications in scientific journals, and mass media were used, laws and provisions regulating pharmaceutical activity were studied and a survey among citizens was conducted. Systematic and logical methods, analytical and comparative analysis were applied, and own researches were performed.</p><p>For 22 years of Ukrainian statehood formation the following institutes were created: Pharmacological College, Pharmacopoeia Committee and State Service for Quality Control of Drugs which were transported to other institutes. Important laws were adopted: the Law of Ukraine «On Medicines», the Law of Ukraine «On small-scale privatization», the Law of Ukraine «On large-scale privatization» and others, which contributed to the formation and development of the pharmaceutical market.</p><p>In comparison with 1990 the amount of drugstore chains increased two and a half times and in 2013 in the country already worked 15 566 drugstores, including 3 025 in villages. Specific peculiarity of pharmaceutical market formation in Ukraine was the creation of powerful own regional and all-Ukrainian drugstore chains, that is greatly different from such situation in EU countries, where the legislation allows to have only one or two drugstores. As the result of pharmaceutical market formation the drugs nomenclature increased eight times and now makes up more than 20 000 names, including 92.4 % generic drugs. According to publications, Ukraine lacks about 40 % of drug molecules needed for medical treatment, and 30 % of studied drugs are not proved. There is the problem of uncontrollable turnover and drugs consumption in Ukraine. Self-treatment is widespread today: 82 % of Ukrainians prescribe medicines by themselves even when they feel a little unwell.</p><p>Among all examined 75 drugstores in different regions (Zakarpattya, Rivne, Khmelnytsk, Kherson etc.) people can get drugs without prescription. During 2014 the pharmaceutical market in comparison with previous year rose by 14 % and its income made up 36 billion UAH. Drug producers perform aggressive marketing and break rules of drugs advertising. Among important problems that require the improvement of legislative and regulatory base at governmental level concerning the economic drug assistance for all population groups.</p>

scholarly journals Uşak İli Keçi Yetiştiriciliğinin Mevcut Durumu Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Sibel Alapala Demirhan ◽  
Murat Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Cheese Production

In the present study, it is aimed to determine the current state of the goat raising businesses operating in the city of Uşak and in its provinces, their problems and to come up with suggestions for solutions to these problems. In the current study, as the sampling of the study, 132 goat-raising businesses were selected by means of stratified random sampling method and they were administered a questionnaire consisted of 83 questions. The data obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires have revealed that high majority of the goat-raisers are elementary school graduates (86.4%) and they generally raise Hair goat (89.4%). Moreover, it has also been determined that for the mating of goats, male goats are brought into the herd in September and October and this mating process occurs in the form of free insemination, the age for female goats to be used as stock is 15-18 months old, additional feeding and synchronization are not generally practiced and weaning of baby goats occurs when they are 3-4 months old. Births are usually given in February-March and milking also starts in this period and lasts 6 months on average, the lactation milk yield is 60-80 liters, milking is performed once a day with hand and the produced milk is mostly used in cheese production. Moreover, in goat raising, transhumance is not a common practice and high majority of the breeders apply regular protective vaccines. As in many other regions, many problems such as high feed prices, the difficulty in finding a shepherd and price fluctuations force goat breeders to quit. For goat raising to be sustainable, technical and economic supports given to breeders should continue and improve. If the feed can be supplied with the internal resources of the businesses and if their products can be marketed directly without using intermediaries then some of the problems can be alleviated. Putting greater emphasis on this issue and developing incentive policies will make contributions to goat raising. As a result of the present study, it was concluded that developing goat raising businesses operating mostly as small-scale family businesses in the city of Uşak to large-scale businesses where intensive production is made by providing the necessary incentives and subsides is of great importance.

The Third Front: Defence Industrialization in the Chinese Interior

1988 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 351-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Western China ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Between 1964 and 1971 China carried out a massive programme of investment in the remote regions of south-western and western China. This development programme – called “the Third Front” – envisaged the creation of a huge self-sufficient industrial base area to serve as a strategic reserve in the event of China being drawn into war. Reflecting its primarily military orientation, the programme was considered top secret for many years; recent Chinese articles have discussed the huge costs and legacy of problems associated with the programme, but these discussions have been oblique and anecdotal, and no systematic appraisal has ever been published.2 Since Chinese analysts have avoided discussion of the Third Front, western accounts of China's development have also given it inadequate emphasis, and it has not been incorporated into our understanding of China during the 1960s and 1970s. It is common to assume that the “Cultural Revolution decade” was dominated by domestic political conflict, and characterized by an economic system made dysfunctional by excessive politicization, fragmented control, and an emphasis on small-scale locally self-sufficient development. The Third Front, however, was a purposive, large-scale, centrally-directed programme of development carried out in response to a perceived external threat with the broad support of China's national leaders. Moreover, this programme was immensely costly, having a negative impact on China's economic development that was certainly more far-reaching than the disruption of the Cultural Revolution.

scholarly journals Chambly Mills, 1784‑1815

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Françoise Noël
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lower Canada ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The study of Gabriel Christie's investments in, and operation of, Chambly Mills in the late eighteenth century provides insight into the role of a small-scale seigneurial enterprise in the rural economy. Despite the sizable investment involved, the flour mill employed only a small number of permanent wage workers, and other cash expen- ditures were minimal. The mill can therefore be seen to have operated within a traditional structure of rural society rather than as a force for change. The mill, however, also depended on artisanal labour and a link between the establishment of the mills and the growth of the village is suggested. Seigneurial investment may have been a major factor in the increasing number of villages in Lower Canada between 1815 and 1831. A need for further study of the role of seigneurial capital in the wider economy is indicated, an area which the focus on centralized and large-scale industries has left virtually unexplored.

Labor and Environment in Egypt since 1500

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 10-32
Author(s):  
Alan Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

AbstractTaking the long view, this article analyzes how the expanding power of Egyptian elites, and the emergent commercial agriculture they sponsored, forever changed the rural labor practices of peasant cultivators and their relationships to environmental resources. From the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517 until the second half of the eighteenth century, Egyptian farmers initiated and oversaw the construction and repair of small-scale irrigation and other infrastructural works in their local environments. They controlled how and when their labor was used. At the end of the eighteenth century, rural labor in Egypt dramatically changed. It became coerced, required the large-scale movement of peasant laborers, resulted in enormous environmental manipulation, and was often deadly. This article thus explains how forced labor, deleterious environmental exploitation, extractive economics, and population movements emerged at the end of the eighteenth century and how they have come to characterize the relationship between work and the environment in rural Egypt from that period until today.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Yohei Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Good Writing ◽  
Normal Method ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scale Data

This chapter shows that the Romantic period was very much a preview – similar and yet different – of our own “connected condition.” Romantic poets witnessed the rise of transcription technologies (shorthand), large-scale data collection and processing through standardized forms, social networks and communications and transportation infrastructure, and instantaneous contact at a distance via telegraphy. The chapter goes on to discuss the concept of the “dream of communication,” ideals of good writing style (like clarity and brevity) treated by the New Rhetoric of the eighteenth century, the book’s own method (the “normal method”), poetic difficulty, and finally the chapters to come.

scholarly journals Symbolic Chiasm in Arvo Pärt’s Passio (1982)

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Mark Vuorinen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Passion Narrative ◽  
Macroscopic Level ◽  
The Cross ◽  
To Come ◽  
Musical Communication ◽  
Arvo Part ◽  
Over Time

Passio, is Arvo Pärt’s first large scale vocal-instrumental work in the tintinnabuli style and remains today one of his most significant compositions. In this setting of the Passion text according to St. John, Pärt codifies procedures of tintinnabuli that will remain his principle means of musical communication for years to come while implying a very important perspective of Johannine theology. His compositional design utilizes both small-scale and large-scale chiastic constructions and gives prominence to John’s observance in Chapter 18, verse 4, that Christ knows all that will occur in the events leading to his crucifixion. Seen in this light, the Passion narrative unfolds according to a pre-ordained plan; it is this subtle perspective of the Gospel that Arvo Pärt reveals musically in his Passio. This paper approaches a musical analysis of Passio in relation to John’s perspective that Christ knew all that was to follow. It illustrates that virtually every note is linked in some way to Pärt’s musical pilgrimage to the cross. With a microscopic lens, the analysis connects Pärt’s use of melody, texture, inversion and tintinnabuli to a poignant marriage of music and the biblical text. And on a macroscopic level, it is shown that musical events unfold over time to reveal the inevitability of the crucifixion. It is revealed that within the work’s tonal centres, large-scale textural procedures, pedal points and the music of the Exordium and Conclusio the path to the cross is present from beginning to end. In this way, the listener is taken through the narrative only to realize afterward that the Gospel’s outcome was present from beginning to end.

Ritual Frequency, Emotionality, and Modes of Religiosity

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-81
Author(s):  
Harvey Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
The World ◽  
Hierarchical Groups ◽  
To Come

Collective rituals tend to come in two kinds: frequently performed but relatively lowkey; rarely enacted but emotionally intense. According to the theory of modes of religiosity, high-frequency but low-arousal rituals produce large-scale hierarchical groups (the doctrinal mode), while low-frequency but high-arousal rituals produce small-scale highly cohesive groups (the imagistic mode). This chapter describes how that theory was first developed while carrying out fieldwork in the New Guinea rainforest. But then the author realized it could help to explain how groups throughout the world take shape and spread, and it could also help to explain how complex societies evolved.

scholarly journals Turning a Liability into an Asset

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
James Guild
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
To Come

President Jokowi has promised to add 35 GW of power to the national grid, while the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources wants to source 23% of its power from renewable sources by 2025. It will be difficult to reconcile these two goals as the majority of Indonesia’s 35 GW is expected to come from high-capacity coal and gas-fired plants on Java and Sumatra. This runs the risk of both undershooting the renewables goal and neglecting the more remote provinces in eastern Indonesia that rely mainly on imported diesel fuel. With a shrewd policy aproach, this could pose an opportunity to begin developing small-scale renewable power sources – such as solar, wind, and biomass gasification – in more remote parts of Indonesia where natural resources are plentiful and large-scale fossil fuel plants are impractical. This would allow PLN to both boost the share of renewables in the energy mix and acquire experience running flexible micro-grids capable of managing diverse and decentralized energy sources. This would put Indonesia ahead of the curve, as efficient grids that can draw power from a wide range of sources will likely play a big role in the future of energy policy. If PLN continues to focus narrowly on high-capacity gas and coal plants, it will risk getting locked into an inflexible, high-carbon structure ill-suited for the needs of the 21st century. The limits of such a model are already showing in the United States. Keywords: Infrastructure, energy policy, renewables, smart grid, PLN

scholarly journals Manifestation of Sanctions Against Players of Forest and Land Burning in the Aspects of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Criminal Acts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Vivi Arfiani ◽  
Jamri Jamri
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Industrial Plantation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Forest fires are mostly caused by land preparation activities for various forms of agriculture and forestry business (ranging from small scale such as shifting cultivation to large scale such as the development of Industrial Plantation Forest or HTI as well as oil palm, rubber plantations, etc.) which consequently often exacerbated by extreme climatic conditions such as a long dry season Law enforcement against forest and land burning actors is able to provide a deterrent effect for the perpetrators as well as to compensate for any losses arising from forest and land burning. Correct knowledge through systematic steps This type of research is classified into normative legal research or library research, providing boundaries through applicable laws and regulations in order to minimize all forms of threats and ri risk of pollution and environmental destruction for the preservation of life and ecosystems, an area exposed to extensive haze disasters to exceed national borders certainly requires a concrete effort to end the haze disaster caused by burning land and forests. The strategy to ensnare perpetrators of forest and land burning, both corporations and individuals, the State of Indonesia, ensnaring the law through a criminal law approach actually provides an alternative to uphold justice. Moreover, the impact of forest and land fires is not small. The Corruption Law Approach can be used as a new option to ensnare perpetrators of forest and land burning.

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