An Improved Invert Emulsion with High Water Retention for Mycoherbicide Delivery

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Connick ◽  
Donald J. Daigle ◽  
Paul C. Quimby
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
High Water ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Invert Emulsion ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Water Contents

An invert emulsion with low viscosity and excellent water-holding properties was developed for delivery of fungal weed pathogens (mycoherbicides). Alternaria cassiae, a pathogen of sicklepod, proliferated after incorporation of spores in the emulsion. The oil phase (CDQ-1) contained paraffin wax, a paraffinic spray oil, and an unsaturated monoglyceride emulsifier (Myverol 18–99). The oil phase was mixed 1:1 (by weight) with water to form the invert, which was sprayed onto glass plates for testing of water retention properties. Water contents ranged from 22% (with A. cassiae present) to 41% (without fungus) for 0.6 to 0.7-mm2 spray deposits after 24-h storage at 21 C and 65% relative humidity. An invert emulsion containing lactofen was prepared using the CDQ-1 formulation.

AIR CONTENTS IN SOILS ABOVE A HIGH WATER TABLE — APPLICATION TO DRAINAGE CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MICHALICA ◽  
M. A. ZWARICH ◽  
C. F. SHAYKEWICH
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
High Water Table ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Studies were conducted at 10 sites with a high water table with a view to classifying soil drainage status from a knowledge of water table depth and water retention properties of the soil. The parameter used to assess soil drainage status was air-filled porosity. The average error in predicting air-filled porosity in the field from water retention data was 2.3%. It was found that air-filled porosity in the water retention samples could be predicted from soil components to within 3.4–5.9% of the actual value (on the average). This suggests that where water retention data are not available, a knowledge of soil components and water table depth may be sufficient to obtain an estimate of air-filled porosity. A system of soil drainage classification based on air-filled porosity is proposed.

scholarly journals Responses of Soil Nitrification Activities To Copper After A Moisture Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sereni ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Olivier Crouzet ◽  
Charlotte Blasi ◽  
Isabelle Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
High Water ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Water Contents

Abstract Some steps of the soil nitrogen cycle are sensitive to environmental pressures like soil moisture or contamination, which are expected to evolve during the next decades but such a double stress is not yet documented. This study aimed at assessing the importance of the soil moisture on the impact of copper (Cu) contaminations on the N cycling soil function using the potential nitrifying activities (PNA) as bioindicator. A loamy soil was first incubated 6 weeks in either 30, 60, or 90% of its water holding capacity (WHC) or alternating drought and rewetting periods. Thereafter, soil samples were exposed to a gradient of Cu concentrations through a bioassay. The dose-response curves of PNA in function of added Cu were modelled and we compared the different effective Cu concentrations (ECx) producing x % of PNA inhibition to highlight differences in threshold values. The preincubation moisture treatments significantly affected the PNA responses to the secondary Cu stress with, for instance, hormetic responses in all cases except for the dry-rewetting treatment. Small PNA inhibitions were estimated for high Cu doses in the soils with low water contents (30% WHC) or submitted to dry-rewetting cycles, contrarily to the patterns observed for the soils with high water contents (90% WHC) or submitted to a single period of drought. Overall, significant differences were found in estimated ECx values between moisture treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Suction Cycles and Suction Gradients on the Water Retention Properties of a Hard Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liufeng Chen ◽  
Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Dimensional Diffusion ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Cylindrical Samples ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

The effect of suction cycles and suction gradients on a hard clay is investigated. The cylindrical samples of the hard clay are prepared to carry out the hydration and dehydration tests with different suction gradient and suction cycles. The results show that the suction gradient has little effect on the suction-water content relation, while the suction cycle has great effect on it, particularly the first cycle of hydration and dehydration. The apparent moisture diffusion coefficient of the hard clay has been identified by the use of a two-dimensional diffusion model. The moisture diffusion coefficient varies between 4.10−11 m2/s and 2.10−10 m2/s and it decreases during dehydration while the relative humidity is less than 85%. The results also show that the suction cycles play little effect on the moisture diffusion coefficient.

Test of guidelines for field estimates of water retention properties of soils derived from volcanic materials in northern Tanzania

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
G. J. Ross ◽  
W. K. Modestus
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Soil water properties were estimated in the field, using guidelines established in Canada, for five volcanic-derived soils in Tanzania. Many of the estimates for horizons near the surface were satisfactory but those for water retained at − 1500 kPa by horizons below a depth of 1 m were far too low. These low estimates combined with underestimates of air porosity at − 10 kPa for many of the samples resulted in very poor estimates of available water capacity. The guidelines were not directly applicable for estimating water properties of most of the soils studied. The samples had bulk densities of 0.9–1.3 Mg m−3, air porosities at − 10 kPa ranging from 3 to 27%, and available water capacities of 280–116 mm to depths of 140 cm or to a petrocalcic layer. X-ray analysis indicated weakly crystalline clays in all of the soils. Tiron extracted from 7 to 38% of the material from the < 2 mm samples tested but the amounts of extracted material were not closely related to anomalously high water retention values at − 1500 kPa. Specific surface areas, but not clay contents, of these samples were significantly related to their measured water retention values at − 1500 kPa. A high proportion of porous particles in the silt fraction of a sample from a depth of 2 m in one soil indicated that highly porous non-clay sized material may account, in part, for the anomalous water retention and specific surface data. The effect of wetting and drying on the water retention properties of these soils may be important but remains to be clarified. Key words: Available water, air porosity, amorphous material, field estimate

POSTMORTEM pH CHANGE AS RELATED TO TENDERNESS AND WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY OF MUSCLE FROM STEER, BULL AND HEIFER CARCASSES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Water Holding

The patterns of postmortem pH change for four major bovine muscles, the semimembranosus, adductor, longissimus dorsi, and brachialis, were examined on carcasses from 130 bulls, 54 steers, and 40 heifers reared and slaughtered contemporaneously. Various muscle properties were related to rate and extent of pH change. Regression of pH on time for each of the four muscles was similar, although each of the four muscles differed (P < 0.05) at all pH recordings. Carcasses were designated fast-, medium-, and slow-glycolyzing on the basis of pH readings recorded within 2 h postmortem. Only 5 and 11% of the steers and heifers, respectively, were classed "slow" whereas approximately 30% of the bull carcasses fell into this category. This classification did not differentiate carcasses of any sex with respect to tenderness (shear values) or to water-holding capacity. Considerable sex heterogeneity of correlation coefficients was evident, with those from bulls generally being of greatest magnitude because of the tendency for bulls to be stressed by shipping and handling during the immediate pre-slaughter period. Where preslaughter stress effects were not important, postmortem pH measurements were not useful predictors of tenderness or water retention properties of muscle.

Utilization of Prosopis Juliflora Root Powder as a Self Curing Agent

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-345
Author(s):  
Pradeesh V ◽  
Karthikeyan S ◽  
Prabakaran D
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Water Holding

Curing plays a chief function in the improving the strength of concrete. The function of a self-curing agent is to save the water and to reduce the water evaporation from the concrete, and hence they increase the water retention capacity of concrete compared to the conventionally cured concrete. Prosopisjuliflora root powder is used as admixtures for self-curing concrete in this study. Prosopisjuliflora (SeemaiKaruvelam in Tamil) grows tremendously and spreads due to its mechanism to overcome adverse conditions of like drought and salt. With deep penetrating roots, it can draw water from deeper layers. Their root has high water holding capacity, so powder made from it can be used as admixture for self-curing concrete. This project involves the experimental investigation of self-curing of concrete by using Prosopisjuliflora root powder. Tests on fresh concrete and hardened concrete were conducted. From the results, we have concluded that adding prosopisjuliflora root powder as a self-curing agent in the concrete mix at various percentages, the addition of 0.75% of prosopisjuliflora root powder by the weight of cement attains the 28 days compressive strength of a conventional M25 grade concrete in 7 days.

scholarly journals An organic hydrogel with high-strength, high-water retention properties for pressure sore protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao He ◽  
Lingdong Chen ◽  
Pinghua Xu ◽  
Jiaohui Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Water ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Water Retention Properties

scholarly journals Preparation of a solid product with high water content and water retention properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Marko Cvijić ◽  
Janvit Golob
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Phase Rule ◽  
Solutions Of Equations ◽  
Water Retention Properties

AbstractThis work presents the development of a solid product with a high water content (99.08%) and water retention properties. Water was chosen as a potential carrier of a volatile active substance and water retaining properties of material were studied at a temperatures and relative air humidity values with the support of the theory of drying. The study first confirmed the role of Gibbs’ phase rule in the research of solid-gas phase equilibrium, and second presented drying kinetics developed from Fick’s second law and expressed with the first term of the Fourier equation. Solutions of equations for phase equilibrium and mass transfer enabled the calculation of Luikov’s parameters, which are important for equilibrium relations and for the diffusivity of water in a solid for mass transfer prediction. The obtained thermodynamic and kinetic parameters enabled product characterisation that may be important for the prediction of retention times.

A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland

2001 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Konnerup-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Nepheline Syenite ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Water ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Alkaline Complex ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Contents

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Konnerup-Madsen, J. (2001). A review of the composition and evolution of hydrocarbon gases during solidification of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 190, 159-166. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v190.5187 _______________ Fluid inclusions in minerals from agpaitic nepheline syenites and hydrothermal veins in the Ilímaussaq complex and in similar agpaitic complexes on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, are dominated by hydrocarbon gases (predominantly methane) and hydrogen. Such volatile compositions differ considerably from those of most other igneous rocks and their formation and entrapment in minerals reflects low oxygen fugacities and a wide range of crystallisation temperatures extending to a low-temperature solidus. Their composition reflects initial low carbon contents and high water contents of the magma resulting in the exsolution of a waterrich CO2–H2O dominated vapour phase. Fractionation of chlorides into the vapour phase results in high salinities and the subsequent development of a heterogeneous vapour phase with a highly saline aqueous-rich fraction and a methane-dominated fraction, with preferential entrapment of the latter, possibly due to different wetting characteristics. The light stable isotope compositions support an abiogenic origin for the hydrocarbons in agpaitic nepheline syenite complexes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document