Continuums of Violence and Peace: A Feminist Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui True
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
World Peace ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Feminist Perspectives

AbstractWhat does world peace mean? Peace is more than the absence and prevention of war, whether international or civil, yet most of our ways of conceptualizing and measuring peace amount to just that definition. In this essay, as part of the roundtable “World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It),” I argue that any vision of world peace must grapple not only with war but with the continuums of violence and peace emphasized by feminists: running from the home and community to the public spaces of international relations. Breaking free of the constraints of the last century's intellectual boundaries, I suggest that war and peace are not a dichotomy but rather are intimately related. Yet the dearth of feminist perspectives in global debates prevents us from seeing how violence and harm are exacerbated in households and through the global economy under conditions of both “war” and “peace.” To understand the possibilities for world peace, we must understand these varieties of violence and harm that threaten peace. And to sustain peace we must address the harmful gendered identities, ideologies, and social dynamics that support violence in every society. A narrow understanding of peace as merely the absence of organized violence does not engender the kind of nuanced and rich understanding of human history and human relations needed to bring an end to the structural and physical violence that remains pervasive worldwide.

Frieden durch Recht und Öffentlichkeit: Die Hoffnungen und Verwirrungen der ersten Utilitaristen

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-252
Author(s):  
Frédéric Rimoux
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Peace ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
International Thought

The international thought of the early utilitarian thinkers Jeremy Bentham and James Mill remains little known and largely misunderstood. Most commentators give them a superficial appreciation or criticize their supposed naivety, in both cases mostly assuming that Mill borrowed his thoughts from Bentham's writings alone. This questionable reception overlooks some essential aspects of Bentham's and Mill's extensive reflections on war and peace, in particular their constant effort to overcome the tension between individual freedom and collective security. In reality, the fertile dialogue between the two thinkers gradually crystallized into an independent utilitarian peace theory centered on law and public opinion as instruments of an ambitious reform of international relations according to the principle of utility. They managed to elaborate a fragile synthesis between liberal principles and considerations of political realism, which grants their utilitarian peace theory a singular place in the historical efforts to systematically define the conditions of world peace.

Economic Actors' Lobbying Influence on the Prospects for War and Peace

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

AbstractPolitical scientists and economists have long been interested in the role of special interests in the policymaking process. In the past few years, a series of important new books have argued forcefully that the lobbying activities of economic actors have an important influence on the prospects for war and peace. All of these analyses claim that whether economic actors enhance or decrease the likelihood of conflict ultimately depends on the domestic political balance between economic actors who have a strong vested interest in pushing for peace versus those that do not. I advance two contrary arguments. At least among the advanced states, I posit there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference. All of the identified mechanisms that previously contributed to such lobbying in these states have been swept away with the end of colonialism and the rise of economic globalization. In particular, I show that the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras. My second argument concerns those economic actors in advanced states with a preference for peace. I posit that it has become unnecessary for them to directly lobby the government to avoid war on economic grounds because economic globalization—the accumulation of decisions by economic actors throughout the globe—now has sufficiently clear economic incentives for leaders.

The decay of signs’ semiotic value: A cultural psychology interpretation of the contemporary social scenario

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110272
Author(s):  
Sergio Salvatore ◽  
Arianna Palmieri ◽  
Barbara Cordella ◽  
Salvatore Iuso
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Societal Dynamics ◽  
Political Turmoil

The article provides an analysis of the affective polarization of the public sphere, namely, the increasing momentum gained by affective sensemaking in the current socio-institutional scenario (e.g. raise of populism, distrust in democracy and spreading xenophobia). To this end, the Semiotic Cultural Psychology Theory (SCPT) is outlined. The SCPT focuses on the embodied micro-mechanisms bridging the intra- and inter-psychological levels of analysis of the semiotic dynamics. The article is composed of two parts. First, the SCPT is outlined in terms of its nine underlying tenets. Then, SCPT is used to frame an interpretation of the psycho-social dynamics underpinning the current socio-political scenario. Based on the SCPT model, the spread of affective sensemaking in current societal dynamics is interpreted as being due to the capacity of affects to work as semiotic stabilizers, enabling people to face the deep uncertainty fostered by the economic and political turmoil associated with globalization.

Implementasi Human Relations melalui Kegiatan Informal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Lydia Hazanah ◽  
Wiryo Setiana ◽  
Dyah Rahmi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
West Java ◽  
Regional Division ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Company

Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Barat dan Banten merupakan perusahaan atau instansi yang melaksanakan Human Relations melalui kegiatan informal, kegiatan informal tersebut dilakukan oleh Unit Seksi Humas dan Protokoler pada Bidang Ekspert Madya Komunikasi dan Pelaporan. Peneliti tertarik melakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk menetahui bagaimana gambaran impelementasi Human Relations melalui kegiatan informal di Perum Perhutani. Paradigma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konstruktivisme yang bertujuan untuk memaknai makna-makna yang diungkapkan informan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk memahami fenomena yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian secara utuh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus, karena penulis ingin mengetahi aspek “how” dan “why”yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik setiap manusia dengan cara berinteraksi secara langsung dan mendalam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Human Relations melalui kegiatan informal tersebut menggunakan konsep POAC yaitu perencanaan (Planning), pengorganisasian (Organizing), pelaksanaan (Actuating), dan pengawasan (Controling), sehingga dalam kegiatan informal di Perum Perhutani menerapkan atau mengimplementasi Human Relations melalui kegiatan informal tersebut dengan sebaik mungkin. Implementasi yang tercipta di Perum Perhutani dapat menciptakan kenyamanan, merasa dihargai dalam melaksanakan setiap pekerjaan, sehingga dapat dipahami pula bahwa implementasi Human Relations melalui kegiatan informal di Perum Perhutani telah dilaksanakan dengan baik sehingga dapat menciptakan serta meningkatan produktivitas dalam bekerja. Perum Perhutani Regional Division of West Java and Banten is a company or agency that carries out Human Relations through informal activities, informal activities are carred out by the Public Relations and protocol section unit in the field of experts in intermediate communication and reporting. Researchers are interested in doing this research with the aim to find out how the descripyion of Human Relations implementation through informal activities in Perhutani Public Division West Java and Banten Regional Division through the concept of POAC from planning, organizing, implementing to monitoring (controlling) the activity. The paradigm used in this study is contructivism which aims to interpret the meanings expressed by informants. The approach used is a qualitative approach that aims to understand the phenomenon experienced by the research subject in its entirety. The method used in this study is a case study, because the author wants to know the “how” and “why” aspects that aim to find out the caracteristics of each human being by interacting directly and deeply. Based on the results of the study showed that the implementation of Human Relations throught informal activities using the consept of POAC namely planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, so that in informal activities in the Perhutani public corporate to implement Human Relations throught informal activites as well as possibl. The implementation created in Perum Perhutani can create comfort, feel valued in carrying out every job, so that it can be understood also that the implementation of Human Relations throught informal activites in Perum Perhutani has been carried out properly so as to create and improve productivity in work. 

From ‘People's Struggle’ to ‘This War of Today’: Entanglements of Peace and Conflict in Guinea-Bissau

Africa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Padrão Temudo
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Urban Elite ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
Partial Consensus

This article aims at contributing to our understanding of violence and warfare in contemporary West Africa by adopting a bi-focal analysis that looks both at power struggles within the urban elite and at the grassroots multi-ethnic setting in southern Guinea-Bissau. I pay close attention to the social dynamics of rural peoples' perspectives, coping strategies and inter-ethnic conflicts. Local conflicts are elucidated as an ongoing process that traverses times of war and peace. Although they are subject to manipulation by urban actors, local conflicts are also a matter of continuous negotiation and partial consensus at the grassroots. In stark contrast to this, the struggles in the ruling group are characterized by an escalating spiral of factionalism, diminishing compromises and elimination of rivals. By analysing the relationship between urban and rural actors and the role of cosmology, the article also aims to shed new light on the multiple shapes patron–client relations can assume in Africa.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of 1,183 Salmonella Strains from the 100K Pathogen Genome Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyet Kong ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Narine Arabyan ◽  
Bihua C. Huang ◽  
Allison M. Weis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common Food ◽  
Pathogen Genome

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a common food-associated bacterium that has substantial impact on worldwide human health and the global economy. This is the public release of 1,183 Salmonella draft genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in the Salmonella genus.

scholarly journals Between New Terrains and Old Dichotomies: Peacebuilding and the Gangs’ Truce in El Salvador

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Roque
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Political ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Public ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Post War

Abstract This article intends to challenge the dominant assumptions that undermine the potential application of peacebuilding frameworks beyond formal post-war contexts. It analyses the gangs’ truce that recently took place in El Salvador as a privileged laboratory to rethink hegemonic understandings and practices of peacebuilding by specifically addressing the importance of overcoming dichotomised categories such ‘war and peace’, ‘criminal and political’, and ‘success and failure’. It is claimed that while the truce fostered a discourse pointing towards an ongoing peace process and enlarged the public debate on the failings of post-war policies and on the structural roots of violence, it was also decisively undermined by the inability to surmount the dichotomy that juxtaposes the criminal and the political domains. It is argued that a peacebuilding framework, inspired by a set of critical perspectives on war and peace and on the nature of ‘the political’, may thus be of crucial importance for the future of policies aimed at curbing violence in El Salvador and elsewhere.

scholarly journals THE UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO‘S THOUGHT PATTERNS IN HIS ENGLISH SPEECH TEXTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Sulistya Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
World Peace ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Thought Patterns

The underlying principles of thought patterns as shown in SBY's English Speeches Texts are made because there are different responses from the public, a part of public praise that SBY is a good president, and others claim and criticize him that  he is slow (Djalal, 2007: forward page). This title so far has not been investigated. This research was aimed at finding out:  the underlying principles of SBY’s thought patterns in his English Speech Texts related to Javanese philosophy. This research is qualitative. The data selected from SBY’s speech Texts were analyzed using semantic and pragmastylistic theory then were related to Javanese philosophy. The findings are the underlying principles of SBY’s thought patterns based on Javanese philosophy manifested in his English Speech Texts are: first is Memayu Hayuning Bawana, Ambrasta dur Hangkara means to reach safety, peace, happiness and well-being of the world and its contents, to keep the world maintained and harmony. Second, Rukun agawe santosa crah agawe bubrah  means to build the condition of harmony, and avoid conflict, because conflict can be harmful to both parties. Third, tepa selira means keep thinking not to offend others or lighten the burdens of others, tolerance. Fourth is ana rembug becik dirembug means thru negotiations can avoid conflict and achieve cooperation, safety, peace and prosperity. In sum, the world peace can be reached thru discussions without war, soft powers.

No people like #showpeople : Broadway performers' ethnographic social media

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Spitulnik
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Broadway Musical ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Group I ◽  
Multiple Audiences

The occupational folk group of Broadway musical theater performers uses folklore in public spaces as a kind of representational strategy for the group as a whole. This strategy is significant in representing the group’s identity to itself as well as to outsiders who are invested in knowing more about them, such as Broadway enthusiasts. That is, the group can and does tell the story of itself, representing itself ethnographically, by way of its individual members. Social media technologies provide a platform for Broadway performers to present these native ethnographies both to the public and to other members of the folk group. I argue that these native, self-conscious ethnographic works by musical theater performers are both concerned with representing themselves as individuals, and with representing the cultural group of musical theater performers as a whole. Exploring the folklore and folk identities performed by members of this group in online social media suggests new ways of understanding the politics and practices of ethnography, particularly on social network sites in our postmodern global economy of attention. In this project, the first in any field to consider musical theater performers as a cultural or folk group, I investigate actors’ recognition of and group use of vernacular creative expressionsâ€"folkloreâ€"as a representational strategy. Through this work, I explore the ways in which self-representation on the part of the ethnographic participants claims voice and authority for the group, while simultaneously performing group membership and identity for multiple audiences.

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