scholarly journals High prevalence of antibodies toChlamydia pneumoniae; determinants of IgG and IgA seropositivity among Jerusalem residents

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Paltiel ◽  
J. D. Kark ◽  
M. Leinonen ◽  
P. Saikku
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYThe prevalence of antibodies toChlamydia pneumoniaewas examined in a stratified random sample of 581 Jerusalem adult residents between August 1987 and March 1989. IgG and IgA titres were measured by microimmunofluorescence, and associations with smoking and socio-demographic variables were assessed. IgG antibodies were found in 84·5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 80·4–87·9) of men and 68·7% (95% CI: 61·6–75·0) of women (P < 0·0001 for sex difference), indicating a very high rate of exposure in this population. IgA antibodies, postulated to represent persistent infection, were present in 45·1% (95% CI: 40·1–50·2) of men and 23% (95% CI: 17·4–29·7) of women (P < 0.0001 for sex difference). Factors associated with IgG seropositivity included family size, education and social class. On the other hand, age (in men) and smoking were associated with IgA seropositivity. These findings support the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status and household crowding may be predictive of exposure to or infection with this organism (IgG seropositivity), whereas they do not explain persistence of the infection putatively expressed as IgA seropositivity.

Disparities in Access to Cranial Remodeling Orthosis for Deformational Plagiocephaly

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110698
Author(s):  
Alexandra Junn ◽  
Jacob Dinis ◽  
Aaron Long ◽  
Sacha Hauc ◽  
Sarah Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Insured Patients ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Income Quartile

Objective Moderate to severe cases of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) may be treated with cranial remolding orthoses (CRO). This study investigated the socioeconomic disparities in access to care for CRO for DP correction. Design This was a retrospective review of medical records from a single CRO company in Connecticut from 2014 to 2020. Methods Demographic variables were collected from all patients. Univariable logistic regressions were used to identify differences for presenting age at consultation, whether CRO was pursued, and length of CRO treatment by insurance payor and household income quartile. Results Of the 5620 patients identified, 4100 (73.0%) received CRO, with 674 (12.0%) receiving a second helmet. Of those receiving CRO, 1536 (37.5%) had Medicaid insurance while 2558 (62.4%) were commercially insured. Patients on Medicaid were 1.30 times more likely to have delayed presentation ( P  =  .017), while patients from the lowest income quartile were 1.26 1.50 ( P < .001) and 1.58 ( P < .001) times more likely to have a delayed presentation relative to those in the highest and second-highest income quartiles, respectively. Patients in the highest and second-highest income quartiles were also 1.55 ( P < .001) and 1.45 ( P < .001) more likely, respectively, to receive CRO after consultation than those from the lowest income quartile. Conclusions Lower income and Medicaid-insured patients had delayed presentation for CRO consultation. Those from the lowest income quartile were more likely to never receive CRO than those from wealthier backgrounds. Low socioeconomic status and Medicaid insurance, which can have more restrictive coverage policies for CRO, may result in the delayed treatment of DP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of falls in elderly in Brazil: a countrywide analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vinholes Siqueira ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini ◽  
Denise Silva da Silveira ◽  
Roberto Xavier Piccini ◽  
Elaine Tomasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Falls In Elderly

We conducted a cross-sectional study of a sample of 6,616 elderly living in urban areas of 100 municipalities in 23 Brazilian states, who responded to questions on the occurrence of falls in the 12 months prior to the interview, and occurrence of fractures due to the falls. The prevalence of falls among the elderly was 27.6% (95%CI: 26.5-28.7). Among those reporting falls, 11% had suffered fractures as a result. Of the elderly, 36% had received guidance about the precautions necessary to prevent falls, and about 1% had required surgery. Falls were associated with female gender, older age, low socioeconomic status, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of falls differed significantly between the North and other regions of Brazil. The study shows a high prevalence of falls, and underlines the need for preventive strategies targeting modifiable risk factors.

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. DUBEY ◽  
E. G. LAGO ◽  
S. M. GENNARI ◽  
C. SU ◽  
J. L. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYInfections by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiare widely prevalent in humans and animals in Brazil. The burden of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans is considered to be very high. The high prevalence and encouragement of the Brazilian Government provides a unique opportunity for international groups to study the epidemiology and control of toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Many early papers on toxoplasmosis in Brazil were published in Portuguese and often not available to scientists in English-speaking countries. In the present paper we review prevalence, clinical spectrum, molecular epidemiology, and control ofT. gondiiin humans and animals in Brazil. This knowledge should be useful to biologists, public health workers, veterinarians, and physicians. Brazil has a very high rate ofT. gondiiinfection in humans. Up to 50% of elementary school children and 50–80% of women of child-bearing age have antibodies toT. gondii. The risks for uninfected women to acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy and fetal transmission are high because the environment is highly contaminated with oocysts. The burden of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children is also very high. From limited data on screening of infants forT. gondiiIgM at birth, 5–23 children are born infected per 10 000 live births in Brazil. Based on an estimate of 1 infected child per 1000 births, 2649 children with congenital toxoplasmosis are likely to be born annually in Brazil. Most of these infected children are likely to develop symptoms or signs of clinical toxoplasmosis. Among the congenitally infected children whose clinical data are described in this review, several died soon after birth, 35% had neurological disease including hydrocephalus, microcephaly and mental retardation, 80% had ocular lesions, and in one report 40% of children had hearing loss. The severity of clinical toxoplasmosis in Brazilian children may be associated with the genetic characteristics ofT. gondiiisolates prevailing in animals and humans in Brazil.

scholarly journals Hypoarousal non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on echo-state networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ibanez-Soria ◽  
A. Soria-Frisch ◽  
J. Garcia-Ojalvo ◽  
Jacobo Picardo ◽  
Gloria García-Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Echo State Networks ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood and therefore presents a very high prevalence rate. However the high rate of ADHD misdiagnosis makes the discovery of neurophysiological ADHD biomarkers an important clinical challenge. This study proposes a novel non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on Echo State Networks to quantify EEG dynamical changes between low attention/arousal states (resting with eyes closed, or EC) and normal attention/arousal states (resting with eyes open, or EO). Traditionally, EEG biomarkers have revealed an increase in stationary power in the theta band along with a decrease in beta, with these frequencies largely accepted to be altered in the ADHD population. We successfully verify the hypothesis that measured differences between these two conditions are altered in the ADHD population. Statistically significant differences between a group of ADHD subjects and an aged-matched control population were obtained in theta and beta rhythms. Our network discriminates between EO/EC EEG regimes in the ADHDs better than in controls, suggesting that differences in EEG patterns between low and normal arousal/attention states are larger in the ADHD population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dementia in Colombian populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efraín Amaya Vargas ◽  
Ángela Magnolia Ríos Gallardo ◽  
Guillermo González Manrrique ◽  
Lina M. Murcia-Paredes ◽  
María Consuelo Angarita Riaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

With the gradual increase in the life expectancy of the population due to scientific progress and public health at the service of society, the prevalence of dementia has been increasing at different rates worldwide. Currently, the prevalence rates range between 5% and 7% (6.4% in the U.S. and up to 8.5 % in Latin America) in subjects older than 60 years. The lowest prevalence rate (2.1%) has been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, probably due to selective mortality under 60 years of age. By contrast, a very high prevalence of dementia (23.6% dementia in individuals ≥60 years) was observed in the city of Neiva, Southern Colombia. We believe that this high rate could be explained by the presence of several risk factors such as very low schooling, low socio-economic strata, chronic diseases, the inclusion of geriatric homes among others, and additional unknown factors.

scholarly journals High rate of stroke and low rate of atrial fibrillation in low socioeconomic strata and blacks: the atrial fibrillation paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B Kostis ◽  
S Zinonos ◽  
J Cabrera ◽  
W.J Kostis
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background and introduction Persons living in areas of low socioeconomic status (SES) usually have higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events (CVE) including stroke. Also, atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with higher rate of CVEs. One would expect that both the rate of stroke and the occurrence of AF would be higher in areas of low SES. Purpose and methods Using MIDAS, a validated statewide data base of all hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease in NJ with follow up of more than 25 years, we examined the rate of hospitalization for AF by SES in patients with history of myocardial infarction for the years 1995 to 2015 (n=258,339). Zip codes in New Jersey were aggregated into 4 categories representing quarters of the distribution of SES areas. Results At one-year follow-up, patients in the lowest SES (lowest 25th percentile) and Blacks were more likely to suffer a stroke (p&lt;0.0001). During one-year follow-up, patients in the lowest 25th percentile (Figure) were significantly less likely (p&lt;0.0001) to be readmitted with a diagnosis of AF. Blacks had lower rate of admission with a diagnosis AF compared to Whites (p&lt;0.0001) (Figure). Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for demographics and co-morbidities confirmed the validity of these differences. In this analysis patients in the lowest SES quartile and Blacks were less likely to be admitted with AF than those in the highest quartile (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). Also, Blacks were less likely to be admitted with AF than Whites (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71–0.82). This phenomenon (AF paradox) of lower incidence of AF in low SES and in Blacks has been attributed to under-ascertainment of AF in these groups, that may lead to underuse of anticoagulation and result in the occurrence of stroke. Conclusion Atrial fibrillation is underdiagnosed in patients at low socioeconomic strata and in Blacks and may lead to underuse of anticoagulation and the occurrence of stroke. Special efforts are warranted in detecting AF in these groups. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Using the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) 7 Nonverbal Battery to Identify the Gifted/Talented: An Investigation of Demographic Effects and Norming Plans

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Carman ◽  
Christine A. P. Walther ◽  
Robert A. Bartsch
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
School Level ◽  
Gifted Identification ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Cognitive Abilities Test

The nonverbal battery of the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is one of the two most common nonverbal measures used in gifted identification, yet the relationships between demographic variables and CogAT7 performance has not yet been fully examined. Additionally, the effect of using the CogAT7 nonverbal battery on the identification of diverse demographic groups based on various norming, cutoff, and modifier plans has only just begun to be explored. In this study, we analyzed the CogAT7 nonverbal battery scores of kindergartners from a very large urban school district with a high minority, low socioeconomic status, and high English language learner population to determine the relationships between demographic variables and CogAT performance. The results suggest relationships between CogAT scores and multiple demographic variables, similar to other nonverbal instruments. We also examined the effects of various norming practices, including school-level and group-specific norming, on identification using the CogAT7 nonverbal battery.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus among pregnant women who had undergone abortion(s) attending El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Salih Elbushra ◽  
Mohammed Seed Ahmed ◽  
Albadawi Abdelbagi Talha ◽  
Tarig A. Gamar ◽  
Elhadi A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Igg Level

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of congenital infections. It is more widespread in developing countries and communities with low socioeconomic status. The infection can cause pregnancy loss or spontaneous abortion. Tests are available for the detection of HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Many pregnant women in Blue Nile State, Sudan, have suffered from recurrent pregnancy loss, and currently there is no available data concerning the prevalence of HCMV in Blue Nile state. This study aimed to determine HCMV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s), attending El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology.   Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study. 270 pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s) and who attended El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, were included in the study from September to December 2018. Personal and clinical data were collected directly from each participant into a predesigned questionnaire. Serum samples were separated and stored at -20˚C until used. Samples were analyzed for HCMV IgG and IgM using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Participants were categorized into three age groups: 15-25 years (33.7%; 91/270); 26-40 years (62.2%; 168/270); and >41 years (4.1%; 11/270). The majority of the participants had IgG antibodies to HCMV (74.8%; 202/270), while only 13.3% (36/270) had IgM antibodies to HCMV. Most abortion cases were documented in the first trimester (85.6%; 231/270) and this had a significant relationship with IgG level (P=0.003). Low socioeconomic status was recorded in 84.8% (229/270) of participants and showed significant correlation with IgG level (P=0.025), whereas illiteracy was reported in 41.9% (113/270) of participants and did not have a significant relationship.   Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HCMV in this study population was 74.8% for IgG antibodies. There was an association between HCMV IgG level and first trimester abortion and low socioeconomic status among the studied women.

scholarly journals High Rate of Resistance to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin in Enterococcus faecium Clinical Isolates from Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5176-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Sup Oh ◽  
Kwan Soo Ko ◽  
Jae-Hoon Song ◽  
Mi Young Lee ◽  
Sulhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT We tested the in vitro susceptibilities of 603 enterococcal isolates from eight tertiary-care hospitals in Korea. The quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance rate in Enterococcus faecium was very high (25 isolates, 10.0%). It was suggested that both clonal spread and the sporadic emergence of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates may explain the high prevalence of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in Korea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document