scholarly journals Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the adult tetanus–diphtheria vaccine. How many doses are necessary?

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BAYAS ◽  
A. VILELLA ◽  
M. J. BERTRAN ◽  
J. VIDAL ◽  
J. BATALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dtp Vaccine ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the tetanus–diphtheria adult type vaccine was compared in two groups: group I (n = 201, 18–30 years old, presumably vaccinated with the DTP vaccine) and group II (n = 147, [ges ] 45 years old, without vaccination antecedents). Before vaccination, the seroprotection levels for tetanus were 90·5% (group I) and 30·6% (group II). These rose to 99·5% and 81·7%, respectively, after administration of one vaccine dose. For diphtheria, prevaccination seroprotection levels were 38·3% (group I) and 19·0% (group II). These rose to 85·8% and 65·7%, respectively, after vaccination. The logistic regression analysis showed an association between antibody titre and age. In group II, 3 doses of Td vaccine were needed to reach titres similar to those achieved in group I with a single dose. Stated reactogenicity was greater in: young subjects, women, those with higher titres of tetanus antibodies and those receiving other vaccines simultaneously. These results confirm the need for vaccination schedules adapted to the characteristics of each population age-group.

Preoperative Low Serum Albumin Levels Increase the Requirement of Renal Replacement Therapy after Cardiac Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Findik ◽  
Ufuk Aydin ◽  
Ozgur Baris ◽  
Hakan Parlar ◽  
Gokcen Atilboz Alagoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<strong>Background:</strong> Acute kidney injury is a common complication of cardiac surgery that increases morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study is to analyze the association of preoperative serum albumin levels with acute kidney injury and the requirement of renal replacement therapy after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 530 adult patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery with normal renal function. The perioperative clinical data of the patients included demographic data, laboratory data, length of stay, in-hospital complications and mortality. The patient population was divided into two groups: group I patients with preoperative serum albumin levels &lt;3.5 mg/dL; and group II pateints with preoperative serum albumin levels ≥3.5 mg/dL.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There were 413 patients in group I and 117 patients in group II. Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) occured in 33 patients (28.2%) in group I and in 79 patients (19.1%) in group II. Renal replacement therapy was required in 17 patients (3.2%) (8 patients from group I; 9 patients from group II; P = .018). 30-day mortality occurred in 18 patients (3.4%) (10 patients from group I; 8 patients from group II; P = .037). Fourteen of these patients required renal replacement therapy. Logistic regression analysis revealing the presence of lower serum albumin levels preoperatively was shown to be associated with increased incidence of postoperative AKI (OR: 1.661; 95% CI: 1.037-2.661; <br />P = .035). Logistic regression analysis also revealed that DM (OR: 3.325; 95% CI: 2.162-5.114; P = .000) was another independent risk factor for AKI after isolated CABG. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Low preoperative serum albumin levels result in severe acute kidney injury and increase the rate of renal replacement therapy and mortality after isolated CABG.

Suppression of Mesangial-Cell Proliferation by Trapidil in Glomerulonephritis Induced by Anti-Thymocyte Serum in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Razzaque ◽  
M Cheng ◽  
T Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mesangial Cell ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mesangial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Group Ii

Trapadil (Mochida Pharmaceuticals, Japan), an antiplatelet drug, suppresses the growth of several cell types and is thought to antagonize platelet-derived growth factor. The effects of trapidil on mesangial-cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum in Wistar rats were investigated. Control rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (group I); group II rats were injected with a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight), and group III rats were treated with both a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight) and with trapidil (5 mg/kg body weight/day). Three rats in each group were killed on day 3, and the other three on day 10. Control rats showed no significant histological changes on day 3 or day 10. In group II, on day 3, there was a marked decrease in glomerular cell numbers, with mesangiolysis. Histologically severe mesangial-cell proliferation with expansion of mesangial areas was noted on day 10. None of the rats in group III showed mesangial alterations, histologically, indicating that mesangial-cell proliferation was suppressed by trapidil. This suppression may result from antagonism of the binding of platelet derived growth factor to the specific surface receptors in the mesangial cells. Trapidil may have clinical value in the treatment of mesangial-cell proliferative glomerular diseases.

Axial Rotation Test for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Hypermobility in the Normal Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 351-355
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Odgers ◽  
Ghazi M. Rayan
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Joint Hypermobility ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rotational Laxity ◽  
Trapeziometacarpal Joint ◽  
Rotation Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: The objective was to quantify joint laxity in healthy volunteers by measuring the passive axial rotation of the trapeziometacarpal joint using the axial rotation test. Methods: Eighty volunteers (34 men and 46 women) were subjected to the axial rotation shear test and the degree of total rotational motion (TRM) was assessed. Volunteers were divided into Group I with a range of 18–50 years old and Group II for 51 years and older. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The average TRM in Group I was 32.3 mm for women, and 27.4 mm, for men (p = 0.04). The average TRM in women of Groups I and II, was 32.3 and 21.6 mm respectively, (p < 0.001). The average TRM in men of Groups I and II, was 27.4 and 19.4 mm (p < 0.001). In Group II the average TRM of women was 21.6 mm, and for men was 19.4 mm, which was not significantly different. Conclusions: Young women have greater degree of rotational laxity in the TM joint compared to men of the same age group and to older women. The axial rotation test can quantify the degree of rotational laxity of the TM joint.

Do prostaglandins modulate renal haemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 in conscious lambs?

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Kesavarao Ebenezar ◽  
Fatemah Ghane Sharbaf ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Francine Gabriel Smith
Keyword(s):  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Renal Vascular

To test the hypothesis that vasodilatory prostaglandins buffer the renal vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) early in life, renal haemodynamic responses to ET-1 were measured in 2 groups of conscious, chronically instrumented lambs at 1–2 weeks of age (group I, n = 11) and 6 weeks of age (group II, n = 10). Lambs were pretreated with vehicle or 1 mg·kg–1 indomethacin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and renal haemodynamic effects were measured continuously for 1 min before (control) and 5 min after intra-arterial injection of 250 ng·kg–1 ET-1. In group II lambs, there was a marked decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular conductance (RVC) elicited by ET-1 administration, as we have previously described. This response was not altered by vehicle or indomethacin pretreatment. In group I lambs, there was an initial increase but no decrease in RBF and RVC elicited by ET-1 administration, as we have previously described, and this response was also not altered by either vehicle or indomethacin. These results suggest that endogenously produced prostaglandins do not appear to modulate the renal haemodynamic effects of ET-1 in conscious lambs during postnatal maturation.

Ventilation and thoracoabdominal asynchrony during halothane anesthesia in infants

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benameur ◽  
M. D. Goldman ◽  
C. Ecoffey ◽  
C. Gaultier
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia ◽  
Minimal Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wall Compliance ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Thoracoabdominal Asynchrony

To evaluate the ventilatory consequences of high chest wall compliance during anesthesia in infants, we assessed the effects of halothane at different fractions of minimal alveolar concentration (0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC) on ventilation and movements of the rib cage and abdomen in infants < or = 12 mo of age (group I) and children (group II) > or = 12 mo of age. Minute ventilation decreased in group I, (20.6%, 0.75 to 1.5 MAC), but the change in group II did not reach the level of statistical significance. Tidal volume decreased with halothane level between 0.75 and 1.5 MAC, and its fall was greater in group I (32.7 +/- 11.2 vs. 22.6 +/- 9.3% in group II, P < 0.05). Duty cycle, or ratio of inspiratory to total time (TI/TT), increased in group II with halothane level but did not change in group I, resulting in a decreased TI in group I at higher halothane levels. Thoracic paradox increased with halothane level in group I but not group II. The increase in thoracic paradox in association with the fall in tidal volume between 0.75 and 1.5 MAC was greater in group I than group II (P < 0.05). We conclude that smaller infants depend more on inspiratory intercostal muscle activity to stabilize the thorax, leading to a greater degree of depression of ventilation during halothane depression of inspiratory intercostal activity.

ANABOLIC STEROID AND INTRAPULMONARY HEPARIN IN THE PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Zawilska ◽  
A Tokarz ◽  
P Psuja ◽  
P Szymczak ◽  
S Kawczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Deep Vein

150 patients over 40 years old undergoing major abdominal surgery were divided into 3 groups:1/ group I - receiving a single injection of long acting anabolic steroid /nandrolone phenylpropio-nate, 50 mg intramusculary/ a day prior to surgery 2/ gropup II - receiving the same dose of anabolic steroid plus a single dose of heparin /800 U/kg of body weight/ intrapulmonary a day prior to surgery 3/ group III - receiving only a single dose of heparin /800 U/kg of body weight/ intrapulmonary a day prior to surgery.The deep vein thrombosis /DVT/ was detected using the 125 I-fibrinogen test. The occurence of DVT was:in group I - 14%in group II - 4%in group III - 8%There were no detectable haemorrhagic complications in patients of group I and III, in 6% of patients of group II a sgliht increase of intraoperative bleeding and/or wound hematoma appeared.We conclude that prophylaxis of DVT in the postoperative period with the single dose of anabolic steroid and intrapulmonary heparin is an effective, safe and easy to handle procedure.

scholarly journals Study of Lipid Profile and Coronary Angiographic Pattern in Young Bangladeshi Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Khan ◽  
AAS Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Coronary Angiogram ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Group I ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Majority of the patients of coronary heart disease (CHD) in our country are above 40 years of age but a good number of patients belong to the age under 40, the most valuable and productive period of life during which they can devote themselves to uplift their family, society and country and can participate in nation building activities.3,4 The number of young individuals falling into the spectrum of CHD is increasing everywhere However, this age trend is peculiar in relation to the western age incidence.5 Our objective was to investigate the lipid profile and coronary angiographic pattern in young Bangladeshi patients with acute coronary syndrome and also to find out the relationship between dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease in this age group. Methods: This observational study was carried out in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period of January 2000 to December 2000. A brief history was recorded on the date of admission and fasting lipid profile was done within 24 hours of admission. Other associated major risk factors were looked for and recorded accordingly. After stabilization oh the acute condition patient was prepared for coronary angiogram and informed consent was taken. Accordingly elective CAG was done. Among them total 64 patients of ACS, underwent coronary angiogram in the cath lab of NICVD, were selected randomly of which of which 32 patients were up to the age 40 years (Group- I) and 32 were above 40 years of age (Group-II). Patient of ACS of either sex having no age limitation were included without prior history of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery. The findings were reviewed and scrutinized carefully by two interventional cardiologists. In doubtful cases third expert reviewed the CD. If a consensus was not reached due to technical or visual error, the case wais discarded from the study. Details of CAG findings i.e. site and number of diseased vessels, location, morphology and pattern of lesion were studied and recorded accordingly. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia and positive family history were more in group I than group II. Younger age group has less favorable lipid profile than older age group having raised total cholesterol in 31.3 percent cases, low HDL in 12.5 percent cases and raised LDL in 31.3 percent cases, while in older age group, it was 21.8, 25.0, 0 and 18.7 percent, respectively. CAG study of the patients showed that no vessel involvement was more common in group I than group II (21.9% vs 12.5%), but triple vessel disease was more common in group II (12.5% vs 21.8%). Single vessel and double vessel diseases were similar in both the groups. Involvement of LAD was slightly more in-group I than group II (68.8% vs 65.6%) and involvement of LCX and RCA were less in group I than group II (21.9% vs 34.3%, and 43.8% vs 78.1%, respectively). Diffuse LAD and RCA lesions were more in group II (36.4% vs 52.4% and 42.9% vs 48.0%, respectively), but diffuse LCX lesion was more in group I (42.9 vs 36.4%). Multiple irregular lesions are more common in older age group (53.1%) than younger age group (28.1%). Conclusion: The younger age group has less favorable lipid profile than older age group having raised total cholesterol, decreased HDL and raised LDL. CAG findings show that most of the lesions are present in LAD (having less impressive LVEF) as like as in older age group, but older age group has more multiple irregular lesions. Prevalence of >2 lesions in one coronary artery was more in group I (31 vs. 25%) but difference was not statistically significant. Keywords: Lipid profile, Coronary angiogram, Younger patients, Acute Coronary Syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v1i2.8237 Cardiovasc. j. 2009; 1(2): 183-188

scholarly journals Insights into the Therapeutic of Glucocorticoid for Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenli Zhu ◽  
Tongqiang Zhang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yaoyao Ling ◽  
Jiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Abstract Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of different doses of glucocorticoid for refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, analyze the clinical characteristics in different groups of patients, and explore the factors related to affect illness severity for children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and guide the dosage of glucocorticoids.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 279 children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia hospitalized in our hospital between September 2018 and October 2019. 23 children were excluded, the remaining 256 children were divided into three subgroups: Group I was not given methylprednisolone (n=75), group II (n=115) was given methylprednisolone ≤125mg/d, and group III was given methylprednisolone >125mg/d (n=66). The clinical features, laboratory data, radiological manifestations between three subgroups of children were compared, relevant indicators with meaningful were used for ROC curve and multiple logistic regression analysis, and the optimal values of related factors were analyzed.Results The median age and median weight of the group III were greater than the group II（P <0.05）, the median age and median weight of the group I were greater than the group II（P <0.05）, there was no statistical significance in median age and median weight between group III and group I（P>0.05）. The group II is more serious than that of group I, and group III is more serious than that of group II, higher incidence of hypoxemia, longer fever, longer hospital stays, higher incidence of extrapulmonary complications, and more severe of radiological findings (P <0.05). The more severe presentation of disease, hormones dosage was larger, the use rate of gamma globulin was higher, the use rate of bronchoscopy was higher, and higher incidence of plastic bronchitis (P <0.05). Meanwhile, WBC, CRP, LDH, FER, D-D dimer, APTT, PLT, PCT, IL-6, ALT and the percentage of neutrophils in the three groups showed a gradual upward trend (P <0.05). In ROC curve analysis, WBC, neutrophils percentage, CRP, LDH, Fer, PCT and IL-6 can be used to distinguish RMPP with different severity and to guide the dosage of glucocorticoids. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LDH 424.5IU/L, PCT 0.145ng/ml, IL-6 26.69pg/ml and lung consolidation were significant predictors for the severity of RMPP and glucocorticoids dose.Conclusions LDH 424.5IU/L, PCT 0.145 ng/ml, IL-6 26.69pg/ml and pulmonary consolidation as markers of disease severity in patients with RMPP and the dosage of glucocorticoids, which can aid in early recognition of children with severe illness, use appropriate doses of hormones, and reduce sequelae.

scholarly journals Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
W Nargis ◽  
BU Ahamed ◽  
S Zabeen ◽  
F Alam ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

Comparison of Maternal Outcomes between Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroid Pregnant Women admitted in a Subspecialty Department of a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin ◽  
Mahfuja Asma ◽  
Sanzida Mahmud ◽  
Afzal Momin ◽  
Tripti Rani Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Abruptio Placenta ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Medical University

Background: Women with Hypothyroidism have higher pregnancy complication rates. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism on maternal outcomes. Methodology: This cohort study was conducted in the Feto-Maternal Department of  Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from a period of 6 months dated from September 2019 to February 2020 for a period of 6 months. All cases of the clinical and sub-clinical hypothyroid pregnant women admitted in this department. Maternal outcomes of both groups during pregnancy were recorded. Findings of the cases recorded carefully. Result: This study was conducted among 75 patients, which was 14.79% of the total admitted cases during study period. Maximum (62.79%) number was found in the age group of 25 to 44 years in group I and 65.62% cases in group II.  (p<0.05). Severe Pre Eclampsia was observed 2(4.65%) cases and 6(18.75%) Group II. Abruptio placenta was observed 5(15.62%) cases in group II and none in group I. However Preterm delivery are three times more 39.5% in group I cases. Uterine rupture, abortion are   observed only in group II patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion maternal outcomes are significantly varied in clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism women during pregnancy. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):7-11

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