scholarly journals Surveillance of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in poultry production flocks in The Netherlands

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1266-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. van de GIESSEN ◽  
M. BOUWKNEGT ◽  
W. D. C. DAM-DEISZ ◽  
W. van PELT ◽  
W. J. B. WANNET ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

In The Netherlands, a national programme for the surveillance of zoonotic bacteria in farm animals has been operative since 1997. We describe the results of the surveillance of Salmonella spp. in flocks of laying hens and broilers and of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks in the period 1999–2002. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in laying-hen flocks has significantly decreased from 21·1% in 1999 to 13·4% in 2002. This decreasing trend might indicate that the control measures taken by the poultry industry were effective. S. Enteritidis was the predominant serovar in laying hens accounting for one third of the positive flocks. Although prevalence estimates for Salmonella spp. in broiler flocks did not yield a significant decreasing trend in 1999–2002, a decrease in Salmonella prevalence to 11% was measured in 2002. During the study period, S. Paratyphi B var. Java emerged in broilers to become the predominant serovar in 2002 accounting for one third of the positive flocks. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks did not increase nor decrease continuously between 1999 and 2002, which roughly corresponds with the monitoring results from the poultry industry. In this period, the estimated flock prevalence roughly averaged around 20%, with C. jejuni being the predominant species. The approach of monitoring presented in this paper can serve as a blueprint for monitoring schemes in farm animal populations to be developed in the context of the EC Zoonoses Directive.

scholarly journals Zoonotic bacteria in the food chain: antimicrobial resistance and associated factors in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Costa ◽  
A Cara d'Anjo ◽  
M Cardo ◽  
A Leite
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Final Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to public health and animal food-production plays a crucial role in AMR spread. We thus aimed to characterize AMR profiles and associated factors in zoonotic bacterial isolates in Portugal. Data from the Portuguese AMR surveillance program on animal populations and derived food, 2014-2018, was used. AMR frequency was described in E coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates from poultry and pigs, according to antibiotic and samples tested. For Salmonella, AMR associated factors were studied: animal populations (broilers, laying hens, pigs) and derived meat, sampling stage (farm, slaughterhouse, processing plant), sample type (environmental, carcase, food), sampler (HACCP, industry, official, official and industry), sample context (control and eradication programmes, monitoring), year (2014-2018) and season. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The final model was obtained using a backward stepwise method. We assessed 2157 E Coli, 561 Campylobacter and 826 Salmonella isolates. AMR rates were higher to cefepime (91-98%) in E coli in all sample types; cefotaxime (100%) in E coli in broiler's meat; nalidixic acid (79-96%) in E coli and Campylobacter in poultry and derived meat; ciprofloxacin (50-98%) in all bacteria isolates from poultry and derived meat. For Salmonella, AMR was more likely in pig's meat (OR 3.66; 95%CI:1.19-2.82), slaughterhouses (OR 10.18; 95%CI:4.69-26.70), carcases (OR 5.90;95%CI:3.74-9.69). The final model indicated a lesser chance of AMR in laying hens (aOR .21; 95%CI:.11-.37), industry sampling (aOR .25; 95%CI:.07-.73), 2018 (aOR .24; 95%CI:.13-.42), and a higher chance in summer (aOR 2.39; 95%CI:1.34-4.28). The findings support the need for control measures on the use of key antibiotics in veterinary medicine. AMR occurrence in Portugal seems to be related to summer, although less in laying hens and in 2018. Key messages AMR in bacterial isolates suggests the need for integrated actions to mitigate and control the use of 3rd and 4rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and quinolones in animal production. AMR occurrence in Portugal seems to be further related to summer conditions, while comparing to other seasons.

scholarly journals Analysis of the application efficiency of the enzyme preparation Ladozim Proxy in the poultry industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
A. G. Hurieva ◽  
J. V. Semerak ◽  
A. S. Anatsky
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Group

The necessity has been widely noted of improving the nutritional value of forage mixtures used in the poultry industry through the use of enzyme preparations on the basis of phytase for splitting phytic acid and its salts contained in the feed. This technological approach is relevant in feeding farm animals, particularly poultry, as they are unable to synthesise endogenous phytase. On the base of the Agro-Industrial Complex "Oril-Leader" we researched the influence of the enzyme preparation Ladozim Proxy as a feed component for broiler chickens and laying hens on the growth and biochemical parameters of the birds and their egg-laying capacity. The feed ration consisted of wheat, corn, sunflower meal, extruded soy and protein-vitamin complex Biomix. For the research experimental and control groups of broiler chickens were formed (50 birds in each group) and laying hens (20 birds in each group). The experimental feeding period was 35 days for the chickens and 30 days for the hens. The research used physical-chemical methods for determining the content of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the feed, the blood and the excrement of the birds. Statistical data processing was carried out by ANOVA. It was established that the use of Ladozim Proxy in the amount of 60–100 mg/kg feed promotes an increase of the live weight of chickens by 21%. The findings can be explained by an increase of the feed nutrients available for digestion in the gastrointestinal tracts of the poultry due to the hydrolytic action of the enzyme complex added to the phytic-containing components of the feed. The result of these phenomena is also a positive dynamic in assimilation of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the feed by chickens of the experimental group: use of these elements increased by 10–16%. The preparation had no effect on hematological indices of the organisms of the poultry and increased the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. The use of the preparation has not only physiological, but also economic importance because it allows a reduction in feed intake and expenditure on feed for poultry reared for agricultural production. The use of the phytase preparation does not affect the quantitative indicators of egg-laying by hens, but an increase in the thickness of the egg shells was noted, due to deposition of calcium in the organism of the experimental group. 

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors from salmonella infections and determination of critical control points in poultry industry production chain

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Nada Plavsa ◽  
Olga Rackov ◽  
Dusan Orlic
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Safe Food

This paper encompasses problems related to infection caused by Salmonella spp in poultry. The need to carry out adequate control measures and to provide safe food is emphasized. Using experiences from other countries, critical control points are presented in flocks during rearing and in hatcheries. In attempt to diagnose disease as early as possible and to advise proper therapy, the significance of serology monitoring is underlined. In order to produce safe food there is a need to control disease applying our Regulations concerning eradication of Salmonella spp in poultry flocks that is given in Official paper of Republic of Serbia No 6&88 and also to include serology monitoring in poultry flocks. Veterinary practitioners are expected to perform analysis of critical control points in poultry industry as well as to determine specificity and differences in production for single farms, which would enable more effective struggle with diseases in general.

scholarly journals Experience with the AMRcloud online platform for antimicrobial resistance surveillance in zoonotic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
D.A. Makarov ◽  
S.Yu. Karabanov ◽  
E.A. Krylova ◽  
Yu.I. Pobolelova ◽  
O.E. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Objective. To develop an approach to comprehensive analysis and presentation of data on antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria to minimize antibiotic resistance in the medical and veterinary fields using the AMRcloud platform. Materials and Methods. Isolates of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Campylobacter spp. were taken from farm animals, food and feed. AST was performed by broth microdilution method. Genes of resistance were detected by whole-genome sequencing or PCR. Data analysis and visualization was made using AMRcloud online platform. Results. During veterinary monitoring from 2017 to 2019 resistance to ~50 antimicrobial agents was determined of totally 854 isolates of 11 bacterial species taken from more than 20 types of samples from 6 animal species in 22 regions of Russia. Genes of resistance were determined for 126 isolates. Data is presented in open access VGNKI project on AMRcloud online platform: https://amrcloud.net/en/project/vgnki/. Conclusions. The use of AMRcloud allowed us to complete all tasks of the project in short time. The platform takes methodology of data analysis to a fundamentally new level comparing to traditional tools and increases the efficiency of monitoring for controlling spread of AMR.

NEW GENERATION FEED ADDITIVE IN POULTRY BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
L. I. Naumova ◽  
М. Т. Klychnikov ◽  
N. F. Klychnikova
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Far East ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mineral Substances

The analysis of different doses of complex feed additive to poultry ration have been made. The influence of new feed additive with bioresources of the Far East use on productive poultry indexes, on production quality and digestibility of nutritious matters of mixed feed has been studied. Patrinia scabiosifolia, Acanthopanax sesseliflorum, cones of cedare nut husk, brown seaweed, macro- and microelements, vitamins were the object of research. As a result of these researches author presents more effective norms of complex feed additive use in poultry farming of Khabarovsk Kray. The recipe of feed additive from local vegetable resources and complex of vitamins and minerals for use in laying hens nutrition was worked out. The aim of this work was to rise zootechnic and economic indexes of poultry production. The introduction of complex feed additive in ration influenced positively on the digestibility, raised the content of Omega-3 fat acid in egg of laying hens. The increase of Omega-3 fat acid quantity promotes decrease of cholesterol in yolk of egg. In the experimental groups there was a more intensive use of nutrients in diet, mainly due to raw protein, fats, mineral substances – calcium and phosphorus. The use of a new feed additive had a positive effect on the hatchability of eggs, the development of internal organs (heart, liver) and the live weight of chicks obtained from the eggs of chickens in experimental groups. Additionally, the content of mineral substances (calcium, potassium, phosphorus) in the egg of test group was higher than in the control on average by 2.3-5.1%.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ilaria Patuzzi ◽  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Veronica Cibin ◽  
Sara Petrin ◽  
Eleonora Mastrorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Human Infections

Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.

scholarly journals COVID-19: first long-term care facility outbreak in the Netherlands following cross-border introduction from Germany, March 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch van Hensbergen ◽  
Casper D. J. den Heijer ◽  
Petra Wolffs ◽  
Volker Hackert ◽  
Henriëtte L. G. ter Waarbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Term Care Facility ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Cross Border

Abstract Background The Dutch province of Limburg borders the German district of Heinsberg, which had a large cluster of COVID-19 cases linked to local carnival activities before any cases were reported in the Netherlands. However, Heinsberg was not included as an area reporting local or community transmission per the national case definition at the time. In early March, two residents from a long-term care facility (LTCF) in Sittard, a Dutch town located in close vicinity to the district of Heinsberg, tested positive for COVID-19. In this study we aimed to determine whether cross-border introduction of the virus took place by analysing the LTCF outbreak in Sittard, both epidemiologically and microbiologically. Methods Surveys and semi-structured oral interviews were conducted with all present LTCF residents by health care workers during regular points of care for information on new or unusual signs and symptoms of disease. Both throat and nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from residents suspect of COVID-19, based on regional criteria, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Additionally, whole genome sequencing was performed using a SARS-CoV-2 specific amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing approach. Moreover, twelve random residents were sampled for possible asymptomatic infections. Results Out of 99 residents, 46 got tested for COVID-19. Out of the 46 tested residents, nineteen (41%) tested positive for COVID-19, including 3 asymptomatic residents. CT-values for asymptomatic residents seemed higher compared to symptomatic residents. Eleven samples were sequenced, along with three random samples from COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the regional hospital at the time of the LTCF outbreak. All samples were linked to COVID-19 cases from the cross-border region of Heinsberg, Germany. Conclusions Sequencing combined with epidemiological data was able to virtually prove cross-border transmission at the start of the Dutch COVID-19 epidemic. Our results highlight the need for cross-border collaboration and adjustment of national policy to emerging region-specific needs along borders in order to establish coordinated implementation of infection control measures to limit the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Żbikowska ◽  
Monika Michalczuk ◽  
Beata Dolka
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Public Health And Safety

The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists’ interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.

Effects on non-target animal populations of a rabbit trail-baiting campaign with 1080 poison

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Mcilroy ◽  
EJ Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Target Animal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Exotic Pest

Populations of non-target birds and mammals on a semi-cleared grazing property near Braidwood, New South Wales, did not appear to be affected by a trail-baiting campaign against rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, using pellet bait and 1080 poison. Rabbit numbers were reduced by about 90% and those of the fox, Vulpes vulpes, another exotic pest, by about 75%. Populations of both pest species began recovering soon after the campaign, indicating the need for continued control measures.

scholarly journals Conflicts with Wolves Can Originate from Their Parent Packs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Diederik van Liere ◽  
Nataša Siard ◽  
Pim Martens ◽  
Dušanka Jordan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Google Search

Transmission of experience about prey and habitat supports the survival of next generation of wolves. Thus, the parent pack (PP) can affect whether young migrating wolves (loners) kill farm animals or choose to be in human environments, which generates human–wolf conflicts. Therefore, we researched whether the behavior of loners resembles PP behavior. After being extinct, 22 loners had entered the Netherlands between 2015 and 2019. Among them, 14 could be DNA-identified and linked with their PPs in Germany. Some loners were siblings. We assessed the behavior of each individual and PP through a structured Google search. PP behavior was determined for the loner’s rearing period. Similarity between loner and PP behavior was significant (p = 0.022) and applied to 10 of 14 cases: like their PPs, three loners killed sheep and were near humans, five killed sheep and did not approach humans, while two loners were unproblematic, they did not kill sheep, nor were they near humans. Siblings behaved similarly. Thus, sheep killing and proximity to humans may develop during early-life experiences in the PP. However, by negative reinforcement that can be prevented. New methods are suggested to achieve that. As a result, new generations may not be problematic when leaving PPs.

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