scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of STEC strains isolated from healthy cattle in 2011 and 2013 in Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 2956-2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CABAL ◽  
M. C. PORRERO ◽  
M. L. DE LA CRUZ ◽  
J. L. SAEZ ◽  
C. BARCENA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

SUMMARYPrevention of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) foodborne outbreaks is hampered by its complex epidemiology. We assessed the distribution of virulence genes (VGs), main serogroups/serotypes for public health [haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)-related], antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in a collection of STEC isolates obtained from cattle hide (n= 149) and faecal (n= 406) samples collected during a national survey conducted in Spain in 2011 and 2013. Isolates were cultured using McConkey and CT-SMAC agar after enrichment, and confirmed as STEC by PCR. STEC prevalence in hides (15·4%) was higher than in faeces (10·7%) and O157:H7 was more frequent in the former (2·7%vs. 0·99%). Non-O157 HUS-related serogroups were present albeit at low frequencies. The non-O157 isolates were more heterogeneous than O157:H7 in their VG patterns, with 25/64 presenting VGs from both STEC and enterotoxigenic pathotypes (hybrid isolates). Of the STEC isolates, 62·5% were resistant at least to one antimicrobial, and no differences in AMR between O157:H7 and non-O157 were detected. All isolates had different profiles by PFGE and did not form a cluster. Overall, our results demonstrated that STEC in the cattle reservoir is still a matter of concern for human health due to the presence of HUS-related serogroups, the occurrence of certain VGs, AMR and the additional risks that hybrid isolates may pose, and thus warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans in South Africa: 2006–2013

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karama ◽  
Cenci-Goga ◽  
Malahlela ◽  
Smith ◽  
Keddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates (N = 38) that were incriminated in human disease from 2006 to 2013 in South Africa were characterized by serotype, virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates belonged to 11 O:H serotypes. STEC O26:H11 (24%) was the most frequent serotype associated with human disease, followed by O111:H8 (16%), O157:H7 (13%) and O117:H7 (13%). The majority of isolates were positive for key virulence-associated genes including stx1 (84%), eaeA (61%), ehxA (68.4%) and espP (55%), but lacked stx2 (29%), katP (42%), etpD (16%), saa (16%) and subA (3%). stx2 positive isolates carried stx2c (26%) and/or stx2d (26%) subtypes. All pathogenicity island encoded virulence marker genes were detected in all (100%) isolates except nleA (47%), nleC (84%) and nleD (76%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 89% of isolates. PFGE revealed 34 profiles with eight distinct clusters that shared ≥80% intra-serotype similarity, regardless of the year of isolation. In conclusion, STEC isolates that were implicated in human disease between 2006 and 2013 in South Africa were mainly non-O157 strains which possessed virulence genes and markers commonly associated with STEC strains that have been incriminated in mild to severe human disease worldwide. Improved STEC monitoring and surveillance programs are needed in South Africa to control and prevent STEC disease in humans.

Sorbitol non-fermenting shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin cattle on smallholdings

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. ISLAM ◽  
J. P. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
P. K. BISWAS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYWe investigated faecal samples collected from the rectum of 518 cattle on 371 randomly selected smallholdings in Bangladesh for the presence of sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). The SN-F isolates were tested for the presence ofrfbO157,stx1, stx2, eaeandhlyAgenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven SN-F isolates lacking these genes were profiled by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to verify their clonality. SN-FE. coliwas identified in 44 [8·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6·4–11·2] samples; of these, 28 (5·4%, 95% CI 3·8–7·7) had shiga toxin-producing strains, although only two carried therfbO157 gene. Thirteen isolates carried thehlyAgene while 18 harboured theeaegene. Based on PFGE, six pulsotypes were observed among the seven isolates that had no virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on shiga toxin-producingE. colifrom direct rectal faecal samples of cattle on smallholdings.

Low Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes on Bovine Hides and Carcasses in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1148-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON CARLOS CAMARGO ◽  
ANDREA LAFISCA ◽  
MARCUS VINÍCIUS COUTINHO COSSI ◽  
FREDERICO GERMANO PISCITELLI ALVARENGA LANNA ◽  
MARIANE REZENDE DIAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Positive Results

Listeria monocytogenes occurrence was assessed in three slaughterhouses located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, by analysis of 209 bovine carcasses. Four sponge samples were obtained from each carcass in different steps (A, from hide, before bleeding; B, after hide removal; C, after evisceration; and D, after end washing), resulting in a total of 836 samples. The samples were tested for the presence of L. monocytogenes according to the International Organization for Standardization 11290-1, and positive results were recorded in steps A (1 of 209) and D (1 of 209) from slaughterhouse 03. L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 5) were identified by multiplex PCR as belonging to serogroup IIc (representing serotypes 1/2c or 3c) and presented identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles; in addition, the isolates harbored the virulence genes inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA, hlyA, actA, and iap and were sensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. The obtained data indicated a low occurrence of L. monocytogenes on bovine hides and carcasses from slaughterhouses located in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and the presence of distinct virulence makers and susceptibility to a variety of antimicrobials by the obtained isolates.

scholarly journals The Rising Burden of Salmonellosis Caused by Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-) in Greece and New Food Vehicles

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Georgia Mandilara ◽  
Theologia Sideroglou ◽  
Anthi Chrysostomou ◽  
Iliodoros Rentifis ◽  
Theofilos Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Community Outbreaks

Monophasic Salmonella typhimurium is of increasing importance worldwide. Here we present the available data regarding monophasic S. typhimurium from 2007 to 2019 in Greece, in order to assess its public health impact. Surveillance data, data on antimicrobial resistance, molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and results of the investigation of monophasic S. typhimurium outbreaks were analyzed. Overall, 403 cases were identified; 329 (81.6%) sporadic and 74 (18.4%) related to two community outbreaks in 2017. A total of 305 isolates from sporadic cases tested for antimicrobial resistance revealed resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline (41.3%). Some 23.3% were further resistant to trimethoprim and 5.2% were also resistant to chloramphenicol. Outbreak 1 in 2017 with 37 identified cases was attributed to the consumption of raw milk from a vending machine and isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. Outbreak 2 also with 37 cases was attributed to the consumption of pork and isolates were resistant to the five above mentioned antibiotics plus chloramphenicol. The number of human monophasic S. typhimurium isolates is low; however, since 2009, it has been among the five most frequently identified serotypes in Greece. Investigation of the outbreaks revealed that other vehicles apart from pork may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks.

Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Hypermutators in Retail Food in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
YIN WANG ◽  
CHONGYANG LIU ◽  
ZENGFENG ZHANG ◽  
YUANYUAN HU ◽  
CHENYANG CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Hypermutable pathogens can easily acquire mutation opportunities, as well as antimicrobial resistance, and are tremendous hazards to food safety and public health. In this study, a total of 96 (7.6%) hypermutators were identified from 1,264 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that hypermutators were genetically diverse. Amino acid substitution of Val421Phe was detected in MutS in one hypermutator and Val246Ala in 56 other hypermutators, while no mutation in MutS was found among the remaining 39 hypermutators. Hypermutators in Salmonella isolates recovered in 2010 (9.3%) and 2008 (7.7%) were significantly more prevalent than those in 2007 (1.4%). The rate of hypermutators in mutton (22.2%) was significantly higher than that in chicken (7.9%) and pork (4.7%). In Salmonella Leimo isolates (60.0%), hypermutators were most frequently detected, followed by Salmonella Essen (50.0%), Salmonella Indiana (36.6%), Salmonella Kallo (25.0%), Salmonella Heidelberg (23.8%), Salmonella Typhimurium (14.0%), Salmonella Shubra (13.0%), Salmonella Albany (11.1%), Salmonella Agona (7.0%), Salmonella Gueuletapee (6.3%), and Salmonella Enteritidis (1.7%). Salmonella hypermutators in isolates recovered from retail food stored at ambient temperature (15.7%) were significantly more prevalent than those stored in chilled (3.1%) and frozen (5.4%) condition. The overall distributions of mutation frequencies of the 96 hypermutators (selected by rifampin) were from 2.16 × 10−5 to 4.25 × 10−1. Mutation frequencies of hypermutators of Salmonella Leimo, Salmonella Essen, Salmonella Kallo, and Salmonella Agona were relative low, while those of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Indiana, and Salmonella Shubra were extremely high. No significant correlation was found between mutation frequency and antimicrobial resistance of the hypermutators.

scholarly journals Serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, China

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jian Yin ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Zewei Li ◽  
Yuanzhao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractSalmonella is an important food-borne pathogen associated with public health and high economic losses. To investigate the prevalence and the characteristics of Salmonella in a pig slaughterhouse in Yangzhou, a total of 80 Salmonella isolates were isolated from 459 (17.43%) samples in 2016–2017. S. Derby (35/80, 43.75%) was the most prevalent, followed by S. Rissen (16/80, 20.00%) and S. Newlands (11/80, 13.75%). The highest rates of susceptibility were observed to cefoxitin (80/80, 100.0%) and amikacin (80/80, 100.0%), followed by aztreonam (79/80, 98.75%) and nitrofurantoin (79/80, 98.75%). The highest resistance rate was detected for tetracycline (65/80, 81.25%), followed by ampicillin (60/80, 75.00%), bactrim (55/80, 68.75%), and sulfisoxazole (54/80, 67.50%). Overall, 91.25% (73/80) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 71.25% (57/80) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. In addition, 86.36% (19/22) of the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates were identified. Our data indicated that the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with antimicrobial resistance genes. Furthermore, 81.25% (65/80) isolates harbored the virulence gene of mogA, of which 2 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates carried the mogA, spvB and spvC virulence genes at the same time. The results showed that swine products in the slaughterhouse were contaminated with multidrug resistant Salmonella commonly, especially some isolates carry the spv virulence genes. The virulence genes might facilitate the dissemination of the resistance genes to consumers along the production chain, suggesting the importance of controlling Salmonella during slaughter for public health.

Low Potential Virulence Associated with Mutations in the inlA and prfA Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Raw Retail Poultry Meat

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA LÓPEZ ◽  
JAIME NAVAS ◽  
JOAQUÍN V. MARTÍNEZ-SUÁREZ
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Molecular Serotyping ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
Over Time

Packaged raw foods can represent a potential source of Listeria monocytogenes contamination when opened at home, and listeriosis is associated with the consumption of undercooked raw foods. The aim of this study was to characterize a group of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from 56 packages of raw chicken meat from a single brand in order to determine the diversity of the strains that dominate in a particular food over time, as well as their pathogenic potential. Forty (71%) samples were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes, and three isolates per sample were subjected to PCR molecular serotyping. Subtyping of 45 isolates from different manufacturing dates (n = 40) or different molecular serotype within the same sample (n = 5) identified 11 different L. monocytogenes subtypes as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and sequencing of virulence genes actA and inlA. Two of the subtypes accounted for 51% of the isolates. About 40% of isolates (three subtypes) were found to potentially present attenuated virulence because of the presence of mutations in the prfA and inlA genes.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusadee Phongaran ◽  
Seri Khang-Air ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified according to the ISO 6579:2002. Salmonella-positive isolates were identified using serotyping and challenged with nine antimicrobial agents: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), and tetracycline (TET, 30 μg). Isolates of the predominant serovar Salmonella Typhimurium were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Salmonella was detected in 18.05% of broiler isolates and 37.54% of pig isolates. The most common serovars were Kentucky, Give, and Typhimurium in broilers and Rissen, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden in pigs. Among broilers, isolates were most commonly resistant to antibiotics, NAL, AMP, TET, AMC, and CIP. Pig isolates most commonly exhibited antimicrobial resistance against AMP, TET, and SXT. Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. Conclusion: The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, broilers, pigs, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella spp.

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