Effect of melatonin treatment on the developmental potential of parthenogenetic and somatic cell nuclear-transferred porcine oocytes in vitro

Zygote ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayu Nakano ◽  
Yoko Kato ◽  
Yukio Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Developmental Potential

SummaryMelatonin secreted from the mammalian pineal gland is a free-radical scavenger that protects tissues from cell damage. The present study examined the effects of addition of melatonin to the culture medium on the developmental potential of parthenogenetic and somatic cell nuclear-transferred (SCNT) porcine oocytes. Supplementation of the maturation medium with melatonin did not increase the maturation rate, the proportion of oocytes that cleaved and developed into blastocysts after parthenogenetic activation, or the blastocyst cell number compared to controls. When 10−7 M melatonin was added to the culture medium, the proportion of parthenogenetic oocytes that developed to the 2-cell and 4-cell stages was significantly higher than that of controls. The potential of melatonin-treated oocytes to develop into blastocysts was high but not significantly different from that of controls. The addition of 10−7 M melatonin to the culture medium did not increase the preimplantation development of SCNT oocytes. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in 4-cell parthenogenetic and SCNT embryos, but did not reduce the proportion of apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic and SCNT blastocysts. Although the results indicated that parthenogenetic and SCNT melatonin -treated embryos had significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species than controls, the potential of melatonin-treated embryos to develop into blastocysts was not significantly higher than that of controls, in contrast to previous reports. The beneficial effects of melatonin on the developmental potential of oocytes might depend on the culture conditions.

In Vitro Bacterial Cytotoxicity of CNTs: Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Cell Damage Edges over Direct Physical Puncturing

Langmuir ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamoorthy Rajavel ◽  
Rajkumar Gomathi ◽  
Sellamuthu Manian ◽  
Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mediate Cell

scholarly journals Induction of Apoptosis in Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines by Ebselen via Enhancing the Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Liwei Zhou ◽  
Jia Du ◽  
Mengxia Li ◽  
Chengyuan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cytochrome C Release ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway

Ebselen a selenoorganic compound showing glutathione peroxidase like activity is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agent. Its cytoprotective activity has been investigated in recent years. However, experimental evidence also shows that ebselen causes cell death in several cancer cell types whose mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of ebselen on multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines in vitro. The results showed that ebselen significantly enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanied by cell viability decrease and apoptosis rate increase. Further studies revealed that ebselen can induce Bax redistribution from the cytosol to mitochondria leading to mitochondrial membrane potential ΔΨm changes and cytochrome C release from the mitochondria to cytosol. Furtherly, we found that exogenous addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) completely diminished the cell damage induced by ebselen. This result suggests that relatively high concentration of ebselen can induce MM cells apoptosis in culture by enhancing the production of endogenous ROS and triggering mitochondria mediated apoptotic pathway.

scholarly journals Ghrelin Ameliorates Diabetic Retinal Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenues for Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jie Bai ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Qinghui Yan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species

Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects, and it may be beneficial for the treatment of many ophthalmic diseases, such as cataract, uveitis, and glaucoma. Our previous work proved that ghrelin pretreatment reduced the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and effectively maintained the transparency of lens tissue. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of ghrelin on retina. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore the effect of ghrelin on high-glucose- (HG-) induced ARPE-19 cell damage and diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in a normal or an HG (30 mM glucose) medium with or without ghrelin. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-3-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and apoptosis was detected by the Hoechst–PI staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels within cells were measured using 2 ′ ,7 ′ -dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining, and the contents of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were measured using relevant detection kits. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and those of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The rat diabetes models were induced using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg). The morphological and histopathological changes in the retinal tissues were examined. The results indicated that ghrelin reduced ROS generation, inhibited cell apoptosis and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibited the apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetic rats, and protected the retina against HG-induced dysfunction. In conclusion, ghrelin may play a role in the treatment of ocular diseases involving diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Attenuates Neutrophil Activation, ANCA-Mediated Endothelial Damage, and Crescentic GN

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilina Antonelou ◽  
Erik Michaëlsson ◽  
Rhys D.R. Evans ◽  
Chun Jing Wang ◽  
Scott R. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Cell Damage ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis

BackgroundMyeloperoxidase released after neutrophil and monocyte activation can generate reactive oxygen species, leading to host tissue damage. Extracellular glomerular myeloperoxidase deposition, seen in ANCA-associated vasculitis, may enhance crescentic GN through antigen-specific T and B cell activation. Myeloperoxidase-deficient animals have attenuated GN early on, but augmented T cell responses. We investigated the effect of myeloperoxidase inhibition, using the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZM198, to understand its potential role in treating crescentic GN.MethodsWe evaluated renal biopsy samples from patients with various forms of crescentic GN for myeloperoxidase and neutrophils, measured serum myeloperoxidase concentration in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and controls, and assessed neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production, and neutrophil degranulation in ANCA-stimulated neutrophils in the absence and presence of AZM198. We also tested the effect of AZM198 on ANCA-stimulated neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage in vitro, as well as on crescentic GN severity and antigen-specific T cell reactivity in the murine model of nephrotoxic nephritis.ResultsAll biopsy specimens with crescentic GN had extracellular glomerular myeloperoxidase deposition that correlated significantly with eGFR and crescent formation. In vitro, AZM198 led to a significant reduction in neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production, and released human neutrophil peptide levels, and attenuated neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage. In vivo, delayed AZM198 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria, glomerular thrombosis, serum creatinine, and glomerular macrophage infiltration, without increasing adaptive T cell responses.ConclusionsMyeloperoxidase inhibition reduced neutrophil degranulation and neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell damage in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. In preclinical crescentic GN, delayed myeloperoxidase inhibition suppressed kidney damage without augmenting adaptive immune responses, suggesting it might offer a novel adjunctive therapeutic approach in crescentic GN.

Reactive oxygen species (H2O2): effects on the gallbladder muscle of guinea pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. G300-G306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo-Liang Xiao ◽  
Maria J. Pozo Andrada ◽  
Piero Biancani ◽  
Jose Behar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction in acute inflammatory processes. The aim of these studies was to determine the effects of ROS on gallbladder muscle function in vitro. Single muscle cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion. H2O2 (70 μM) caused maximal contraction of up to 14% and blocked the response to CCK-8, ACh, and KCl. It did not affect the contractions induced by guanosine 5′- O-(3-thiotriphosphate), diacylglycerol, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate that circumvent membrane receptors. The contraction induced by H2O2 was inhibited by AACOCF3 [cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2) inhibitor], indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), chelerythrine [protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor], or PD-98059 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor]. H2O2 also reduced the CCK receptor binding capacity from 0.36 ± 0.05 pmol/mg protein (controls) to 0.17 ± 0.03 pmol/mg protein. The level of lipid peroxidation as well as the PGE2 content was significantly increased after H2O2 pretreatment. Unlike superoxide dismutase, the free radical scavenger catalase prevented the H2O2 induced contraction, and its inhibition of the CCK-8 induced contraction. It is concluded that ROS cause damage to the plasma membrane of the gallbladder muscle and contraction through the generation of PGE2 induced by cPLA2-cyclooxygenase and probably mediated by the PKC-MAPK pathway.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species are not a required trigger for exercise-induced late preconditioning in the rat heart

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. R968-R974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Taylor ◽  
Joseph W. Starnes
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
External Work ◽  
Exercise Induced

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported to play a primary role in triggering the cardioprotective adaptations by some preconditioning procedures, but whether they are required for exercise-induced preconditioning is unclear. Thus in this study we used the free radical scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG) to test the hypothesis that ROS is the trigger for exercise-induced preconditioning of the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male F344 rats were assigned to four groups: sedentary (SED, n = 7), SED/MPG (100 mg/kg ip daily for 2 days, n = 12), exercised on a treadmill for 2 days at 20 m/min, 6° grade, for 60 min (RUN, n = 7), and RUN/MPG with 100 mg/kg MPG injected 15 min before exercise ( n = 10). Preliminary experiments verified that MPG administration maintained myocardial redox status during the exercise bout. Twenty-four hours postexercise or MPG treatment isolated perfused working hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 22.5 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Recovery of myocardial external work (percentage of preischemic systolic pressure times cardiac output) for SED (50.4 ± 4.5) and SED/RUN (54.7 ± 6.6) was similar and improved in both exercise groups ( P < 0.05) to 77.9 ± 3.0 in RUN and 76.7 ± 4.5 in RUN/MPG. A 2 × 2 ANOVA also revealed that exercise decreased lactate dehydrogenase release from the heart during reperfusion (marker of cell damage) without MPG effects or interactions. Expression of the cytoprotective protein inducible heat shock protein 70 increased by similar amounts in the left ventricles of RUN and RUN/MPG compared with sedentary groups ( P < 0.05). We conclude that ROS are not a necessary trigger for exercise-induced preconditioning in rats.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Xiao Dan Hui ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Duo Han ◽  
Xi Gong ◽  
Xi Yang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

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