Understanding the needs of caregivers of persons with dementia: a scoping review

ABSTRACTBackground:The number of people living with dementia (PWD) is increasing worldwide, corresponding with an increasing number of caregivers for PWD. This study aims to identify and describe the literature surrounding the needs of caregivers of PWD and the solutions identified to meet these needs.Method:A literature search was performed in: PsycInfo, Medline, CINAHL, SCIELO and LILACS, January 2007–January 2018. Two independent reviewers evaluated 1,661 abstracts, and full-text screening was subsequently performed for 55 articles. The scoping review consisted of 31 studies, which were evaluated according to sociodemographic characteristics, methodological approach, and caregiver’s experiences, realities, and needs. To help extract and organize reported caregiver needs, we used the C.A.R.E. Tool as a guiding framework.Results:Thirty-one studies were identified. The most common needs were related to personal health (58% emotional health; 32% physical health) and receiving help from others (55%). Solutions from the articles reviewed primarily concerned information gaps (55%) and the education/learning needs of caregivers (52%).Conclusion:This review identified the needs of caregivers of PWD. Caregivers’ personal health emerged as a key area of need, while provision of information was identified as a key area of support. Future studies should explore the changes that occur in needs over the caregiving trajectory and consider comparing caregivers’ needs across different countries.

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An assessment of scoping review reporting within paramedicine: A scoping review

Australasian Journal of Paramedicine ◽

10.33151/ajp.17.834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Brett Williams ◽

Bronwyn Beovich

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Specific Information ◽

Emergency Medical Service Personnel ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Scoping Studies ◽

Full Text Screening

Aim This study aimed to examine the quality of published paramedic scoping reviews against pre-existing frameworks to assess the extent to which they fulfil the requirements of this methodological approach. Subsequently, recommendations will be presented regarding improvements for future paramedic scoping reviews. Methods A scoping review was conducted guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was performed in six electronic databases as well as the grey literature to identify previous scoping reviews that focussed on paramedic or emergency medical service personnel. Relevant data were extracted from included articles and presented in narrative and tabular formats. Results The literature search initially identified 475 articles, of which 20 remained after title/abstract and full-text screening. There was a general increase in the number of studies published over time, the majority of articles (80%) had conducted their scoping review utilising published frameworks, and 75% of first authors were paramedics. Although many areas of these reports comply with published guidelines, there was an overall lack of consistency in the specific information included, the level of detail of that information, and the location of information within the reports. Conclusion All paramedic scoping studies should be reported with the use of a published framework to enable standardisation in the reporting, thus facilitating understanding, reproducibility, and utility. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews provides a checklist and thorough explanations of each step in the reporting process and is recommended for use with all future paramedic scoping reviews.

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Out-of-Home Activities and Health in Older Adults: A Scoping Review

OTJR Occupation Participation and Health ◽

10.1177/15394492211023192 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153944922110231

Author(s):

Shlomit Rotenberg ◽

Heather Fritz ◽

Tracy Chippendale ◽

Catherine Lysack ◽

Malcolm Cutchin

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Future Studies ◽

Health Related ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Gender Based ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽

Full Text Screening

Participating in out-of-home (OOH) activities has been shown to benefit health in older adults. This scoping review aimed to describe the nature of the literature on OOH activities and health in community dwelling older adults, and the operationalization of OOH activity and health-related variables. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Four databases were searched; studies were selected through title/abstract and full-text screening; and data on study characteristics, sample, and OOH activity and health-related variables were extracted, and summarized descriptively. Sixty articles were identified. There was a considerable focus on leisure and social activities (78% and 75%, respectively) but no predominant health-related outcome was identified. Few studies analyzed sex/gender and/or racial differences (25% and 2%, respectively). Future studies may include systematic reviews focused on health outcomes associated with social and leisure OOH activities; as well as gender-based and/or race-based differences in OOH and health relationships.

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Reporting of post-operative rehabilitation interventions for Total knee arthroplasty: a scoping review

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04460-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nora Bakaa ◽

Lu Hsi Chen ◽

Lisa Carlesso ◽

Julie Richardson ◽

Luciana Macedo

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Quality Of Reporting ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Total Knee

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the completeness of reporting of exercise adherence and exercise interventions delivered as part of clinical trials of post-operative total knee replacement (TKA) rehabilitation. Design: Scoping review Literature search A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library. Study selection criteria All randomized controlled trials (RCT) that examined post-operative exercise-based interventions for total knee arthroplasty were eligible for inclusion. Studies that were multifactorial or contained exercise interventions for both hip and knee arthroplasty were also included. Data synthesis The definition, type of measurement used and outcome for exercise adherence were collected and analyzed descreptively. Quality of reporting of exercise interventions were assessed using the Consensus for Exercise Reporting Tool (CERT) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results There were a total of 112 RCTs included in this review. The majority of RCTs (63%, n = 71) did not report exercise adherence. Only 23% (n = 15) of studies provided a definition of adherence. RCTs were of poor quality, with 85% (n = 95) of studies having high or unclear risk of bias. Reporting of exercise interventions was poor, with only 4 items (of 19) (21%) of the CERT adequately reported (88–99%), with other items not fulfilled on at least 60% of the RCTs. There were no RCTs that had fulfilled all the criteria for the CERT. Conclusion The RCTs included in this study poorly reported exercise adherence, as well as description of the post-operative TKA rehabilitation intervention. Future RCTs should use valid and reliable measures of adherence and a proper tool for reporting of exercise interventions (e.g., CERT, TiDER). Pre-registration OSF:https://osf.io/9ku8a/

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Comparing shopper characteristics by online grocery ordering use among households in low-income communities in Maine

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002238 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Laura Y. Zatz ◽

Alyssa J. Moran ◽

Rebecca L. Franckle ◽

Jason P. Block ◽

Tao Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Grocery Shopping ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Chi Square ◽

Transaction Data ◽

Future Studies ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Online Shoppers ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Improve Access

Abstract Objective: Online grocery shopping could improve access to healthy food, but it may not be equally accessible to all populations—especially those at higher risk for food insecurity. This study aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristics of families who ordered groceries online versus those who only shopped in-store. Design: We analyzed enrollment survey and 44 weeks of individually-linked grocery transaction data. We used univariate chi-square and t-tests and logistic regression to assess differences in sociodemographic characteristics between households that only shopped in-store and those that shopped online with curbside pick-up (online only or online and in-store). Setting: Two Maine supermarkets. Participants: 863 parents or caregivers of children under 18 years old enrolled in two fruit and vegetable incentive trials Results: Participants had a total of 32 757 transactions. In univariate assessments, online shoppers had higher incomes (P<0.0001), were less likely to participate in WIC or SNAP (P<0.0001), and were more likely to be female (P=0.04). Most online shoppers were 30–39 years old, and few were 50 years or older (P=0.003). After controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of children, number of adults, income, and SNAP participation, female primary shoppers (OR=2.75, P=0.003), number of children (OR=1.27, P=0.04), and income (OR=3.91 for 186–300% FPL and OR=6.92 for >300% FPL, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with likelihood of shopping online. Conclusions: In this study of Maine families, low-income shoppers were significantly less likely to utilize online grocery ordering with curbside pick-up. Future studies could focus on elucidating barriers and developing strategies to improve access.

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Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211022121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110221

Author(s):

Endurance Uzobo ◽

Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Biomed Central ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

African Countries ◽

The World ◽

The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

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Overview of current legislation, experiences and existing scenarios on allowing the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco stores: a scoping review protocol

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i16.21884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. e402101621884

Author(s):

Lucas Manoel da Silva Cabral ◽

Fernando Nagib Jardim ◽

Maria José Domingues da Silva Giongo ◽

Andréa Ramalho Reis Cardoso ◽

Maria Raquel Fernandes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Open Science ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Science Framework

This article presents the scoping review protocol on allowing the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco stores in Brazil. It is based on the hypothesis that limiting the sale of tobacco products only in tobacco shops would significantly prevent initiation and encourage cessation, thus reducing smoking prevalence and passive smoking in Brazil. The protocol aims to document the processes involved in the planning and methodological approach of an extensive scoping review, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. The review protocol was prepared following PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. It was registered in the Open Science Framework.

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Assessing individual readiness for change in healthcare: a review of measurement scales

Journal of Health Organization and Management ◽

10.1108/jhom-10-2020-0414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Beasley ◽

Sandra Grace ◽

Louise Horstmanshof

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Readiness For Change ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Individual Response ◽

Content Type ◽

Healthcare Environment ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Change Leaders ◽

Response To Change

PurposeUnderstanding how individuals respond and adapt to change is essential to assist leaders to manage transformational change effectively. Contemporary health care environments are characterised by frequent and rapid change, often with unrealistic and challenging timeframes. Researchers have employed a range of assessment scales to assess individual readiness for change. Hence, to select the appropriate scale, it is critical to compare the properties of these instruments. A scoping review will be conducted to identify scales that measure an individual's response to change in the healthcare environment.Design/methodology/approachIn this article the authors used the PIC (Population or Problem, Interest, and Context) design and undertook a comprehensive literature search conducted in Eric, MEDLINE, EmCare, CINAHL, PsychINFO and PubMed. Management databases were also searched including Business Source Premium (Ebesco) and Business Collection (InfoRMIT). Reference lists were scrutinized, and citation searches were performed of the included studies. The primary outcome was the quality of the literature searches and the secondary outcome was time spent on the literature search when the PIC model was used as a search strategy tool, compared to the use of another conceptualizing tool or unguided searching.FindingsThis scoping review identified eight scales used to measure an individual's response to change. This scoping review did not identify any individual change readiness scales specifically designed for use in the healthcare environment. However, two scales (the Acceptance of Change Scale and the Resistance to Change Scale) had applicability across a wide variety of organisational settings.Research limitations/implicationsScoping reviews do not set out to comprehensively source all relevant literature but rather to ascertain the nature and extent of the published literature in the field. Therefore, it is possible that a systematic review might uncover additional relevant papers.Practical implicationsThis scoping review will assist change leaders to gain a better understanding of the different scales used to measure individual response to change.Originality/valueTo manage change effectively, change leaders first need to develop an understanding of how individuals respond and adapt to change. Change leaders require the necessary scales to assist them to understand change processes, providing an understanding of where individuals are placed on the change continuum. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this scoping review is the first of its kind to identify and review scales to measure individual response to change.

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Preparing for the Trend of Aging in Place: Identifying Interprofessional Competencies for Integrated Care Professionals

Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing ◽

10.17079/jkgn.2021.23.3.273 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 273-284

Author(s):

Eun Jeong Choi ◽

Myonghwa Park

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Community Care ◽

Service Providers ◽

Core Competencies ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Job Descriptions ◽

Draft Version ◽

Competency Based ◽

Interprofessional Competencies

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify interprofessional competencies for the integrated community care of older people.Methods: This study used a methodological approach, and the specific process aimed to identify the components of interprofessional competencies for integrated community care using a scoping review and validating the identified competencies with the Delphi method. The scoping review first identified relevant studies through the following electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We then selected studies that met the inclusion criteria and analyzed their results to identify a draft version of the competencies. Expert panels validated the list of competencies through two rounds of the Delphi survey.Results: The two rounds of the Delphi survey revealed consensus. Finally, we developed an interprofessional competency for integrated community care comprising 19 interprofessional core competencies, 20 integrated core care competencies for community care administrators, 13 integrated core care competencies for care coordinators, 13 integrated core care competencies for local service providers, and 12 integrated core care competencies for community health leaders.Conclusion: This study can help inform job descriptions, evaluate the relevant professionals’ performance, and develop a competency-based curriculum for better practice.

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Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Psychological Services for Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Plessas ◽

Moana W. Billot ◽

Armon Tamatea ◽

Oleg N. Medvedev ◽

Jessica McCormack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thematic Analysis ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Psychological Services ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

The Relationship

Background: The extent to which behavior-analytic interventions are offered to Indigenous populations across CANZUS in accessible and culturally appropriate ways is unknown. We conducted a scoping review with a thematic analysis of the extant literature to find: (1) what are the barriers and facilitators for providing effective and equitable delivery of psychological services (with a behavioral component) to Indigenous populations; and (2) what tools and practices exist for an effective and equitable service delivery.Methods: We systematically reviewed Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of science, Ovid and INNZ databases between 1990 and 2020. For the scoping review, we adhered to the JBI methodological approach (2015) and the PRISMA strategy for the identification, selection, and appraisal of the reviewed articles. A total of 1265 unique articles met the criteria for the screening by title; 238 by abstract; 57 were included for full text assessment; and 37 were included in the final analysis.Results: Three themes were revealed to account for the barriers and facilitators of culturally friendly practices: (1) connecting practices are about interactions shaping the relationship between service provider and service client; (2) innovative practices test new approaches and innovations that could facilitate access to psychological services and overcome barriers, and (3) reflective practices are about critically examining the processes and actions undertaken toward effective cultural adaptation of services.Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the level of success in bringing together services and the recipients of treatment (connection), showing flexibility and persistence in finding solutions (innovation) and examining the role of our behaviors in reaching our goals (reflection) is determined by the providers' action in the aforementioned three dimensions of practice.

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The Ethnopharmacological and Nutraceutical Relevance of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/7259146 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Buenor Adinortey ◽

Justice Kwabena Sarfo ◽

Jeffery Kwarteng ◽

Cynthia Ayefoumi Adinortey ◽

William Ekloh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Literature Search ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Search Process ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Tropical Africa ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Future Studies ◽

One Stop ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey is a herb found mostly in tropical Africa. The plant, commonly found in West Africa, is used in the management of many diseases including cardiovascular, respiratory, haematological, endocrine, and metabolic diseases in Ghana, Nigeria, Benin, Serra Leone, and Senegal. This piece provides comprehensive and updated information on the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological and toxicological information available on Launaea taraxacifolia to support its medicinal uses and also unearth knowledge gaps for future studies. An electronic literature search using search engines, namely, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, was carried out to obtain information on the plant. Both common and scientific names of the plant were used as keywords for the search process. This paper captured information on Launaea taraxacifolia from 1985 to 2018. The search revealed that the leaves of the plant possess nutritional/pharmacological effects on diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, malaria, bacterial infections, and arthritis. The leaf has been shown to be a rich source of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and β-carotene. Also, isolated phytoconstituents as well as the safety profile of the plant have been documented. This review on Launaea taraxacifolia has provided a one-stop documentation of information in support of the several purported ethnopharmacological uses of the plant. It also reveals information gaps such as the need to research into its pharmacokinetics, interactions with drugs of importance, and its development into a plant-based drug in order to expand its clinical use.

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